Lfg For Turkish Point-in-time Expressions

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2007Paralel Gramerler (ParGram) projesi dahilinde geliştirilmekte olan Türkçe için geniş kapsamlı sözcüksel işlevsel gramere katkı sağlaması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada “ne zaman?” sorusunu cevaplayan ifadelerin çözümlenmesi anlatılmaktadır. Gerçeklenen gramerde saat ifadeleri, haftanın günleri, tarih ve mevsim ifadeleri ile diğer bazı genel ifadeler ele alınmıştır. Türkçe cümlelerin sözdizimsel olarak doğru çözümlenmesi için yapılan eylemi tamamlayan tümlecin türünün (zaman, yer vs.) belirlenmesini gerektiren haller vardır. Bunun yanısıra soru-cevaplama gibi bazı uygulamalarda, verilen metinden durum ya da eylemin gerçekleştiği zaman bilgisinin çıkarılması gerekebilir. Bunlar, ancak ilgili bilginin zaman ifadesi olduğunun önceden işaretlenmesi ile mümkündür. Bu çalışma, Türkçede zamanda yer bildiren ifadelerin sentaktik çözümünü Sözcüksel İşlevsel Gramer üzerinden anlamsal ayırt edicilerle işaretleyerek üretmektedir. Türkçe derlem üzerinde yapılan detaylı bir çalışma ile yukarıda sınıflanan ifadeler toplanmış ve bu ifadelerin işaretlendiği ayrı bir gramer geliştirilmiştir.This work presents the analysis and the implementation of a date-time grammar for Turkish Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) which may be considered as a contribution to the development of the large scale Turkish LFG grammar in the context of the Parallel Grammar Project (ParGram). The scope of the date-time grammar is restricted to the answer of “when” questions, i.e. points in time expressions, in particular to the clock-time, days of the week, calendar dates and seasons. Some general phrases are also adressed. When analysing Turkish sentences, there are cases where the type of the adjunct (e.g. temporal, locational etc.) has to be distinguished for syntactic reasons. Besides, temporal information of an event or a state may specifically need to be extracted from a given text (e.g. question answering). These require such information to be marked as “temporal”. The goal of this study is to produce the syntactic analysis of Turkish point-in-time expressions with rather more details of semantic distinction. Along with a corpus examination, a large number of sample phrases have been collected and a separate set of phrase structure rules have been written where point-in-time expressions are marked.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Vyjadřování času, aspektu a způsobu v turečtině: případová analýza morfému -ecek/-acak

Předmětem předkládané práce je analýza tureckého slovesného morfému -ecek/acak. Tento morfém bývá popisován a klasifikován různými badateli značně různorodě (jako čas, aspekt, nebo způsob), ovšem jen s malým ohledem na skutečné jazykové užívání. Předkládaná práce si klade za cíl provést korpusovou studii na empirických datech, vyhodnotit je kvalitativní metodou a na tomto základě navrhnout nové možnosti v popisu významu morfému. Z hlediska metodologického bude využit především analytický potenciál konstrukční gramatiky. Hlavním cílem práce je pak shrnout dosavadní literaturu o popisu tohoto tureckého morfému, zhodnotit adekvátnost jednotlivých tradičních popisů a posléze navrhnout popis takový, který by odrážel jeho fungování v jazyce. Podružným cílem práce je diskuze o psaní gramatik a o statusu deskriptivních kategorií v protikladu ke komparativním konceptům v lingvistické praxi. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)The goal of the submitted paper is analysis of Turkish verbal morpheme -ecek/acak. This morpheme is described and classified by different scholars in various ways (as tense, aspect, or modality), language usage being used scarcely in the description. The presented thesis proposes to perform a corpus study on empirical data, that are interpreted by qualitative methods, and on this basis the author will propose new ways to describe the morpheme. From the methodological perspective will be used the analytical potential of Construction Grammar. The main goal of this paper is to summarize existing literature about this morpheme, evaluate the descriptive adequacy of the traditional description, and eventually suggest description, that would reflect its langauge usage. Secondary aim of this paper is discussion about grammaticography, and the status of descriptive categories vs. comparative concepts in linguistic practice. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Institute of LinguisticsÚstav obecné lingvistikyFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Paths through meaning and form: Festschrift offered to Klaus von Heusinger on the occasion of his 60th birthday

“Paths through meaning and form. Festschrift offered to Klaus von Heusinger on the occasion of his 60th birthday” umfasst 60 Beiträge von Kolleginnen und Kollegen, die mit Klaus von Heusinger in seiner wissenschaftlichen Laufbahn zusammengearbeitet haben. Die in den einzelnen Beiträgen behandelten Themen gehen auf Prominenz, Referentialität, Quantifikation, Kasus, Spracherwerb und experimentelle Psycholinguistik ein

Fluid Books, Fluid Borders Modern Greek and Turkish Book Networks in a Shifting Sea

This dissertation tells the stories of a half dozen Greek and Turkish books that refused to “stay put”: books that, despite their appearance of stability today, moved across multiple media, editions, alphabets, bindings and geographies, taken apart and reassembled in deeply transformative ways during a period of momentous change in the Eastern Mediterranean, roughly 1910-1960. The signal event of this change was the Ottoman Empire’s collapse in 1923, after which the Greek and Turkish nation-states pushed to radically reshape the region through a series of partitions. Book networks too were being reassembled along national lines, a process whose ultimate aim was the production of a fixed national corpus, purified of linguistic and typographic variation. Nonetheless, careful examination suggests that many of the region’s textual networks were anything but stable or pure. The books of my study often blurred the boundaries between production, circulation and consumption, between writer and reader, and, at times, between Greek and Turkish. They behaved in many ways more like pre-modern manuscripts than modern books. I argue, in fact, that “the book has never been modern”—not even in the twentieth century, when it had supposedly been fixed in place by international copyright, national philology departments and commercial standardization. The narrative of twentieth-century fixity, frequently implicit and occasionally explicit in Book History, derives in part from the field’s Eurocentric origins. In the Greco-Turkish Mediterranean, a different story emerges. Building an innovative bridge between Book History and Mediterranean studies, I view the Greco-Turkish book as a “middle space”: a semi-fluid medium that, resisting the nation-state’s partitions, continued to be assembled and reassembled by a heterogeneous webwork of hands and materials. Methodologically, how does one approach such a “middle space”? Adapting Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory and Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of “assemblage,” I treat the book as a network, one whose ongoing assemblage we can spread out across a flat and open plane. Since these assemblages are nested, in something close to a mathematical fractal, I trace similar patterns on several scales, ranging from the typographic to the aesthetic to the geographic. On every scale, I follow the fluid “border-crossings” of books, facilitated by their several handlers. To conceptualize these crossings, the concept of the metaphor is particularly useful. In both ancient and modern Greek, a metaphora is an act not only of (1) moving an aesthetic conceit between linguistic symbols (as in English); but, more fundamentally, of (2) physically moving an object from point A to B. As the books of my study aesthetically moved their handlers, so too did the handlers physically move the books forward in time and space, preserving them only by transformatively transmitting them through a series of hands and forms. Ultimately, I work my way towards the ideal of the “commons-place” book, which combines the commonplace book with notions of the political commons, asking how a material medium might become the site of collective, un-authorized literary production. The philologist’s role here, I argue, is nothing more or less than the “curation” of this book-network, reassembling both its literary objects and their human handlers in a shared space—one that will allow each actor to speak, to hear and be heard. Through such a curation, which necessarily invites the agencies of a heterogeneous (and contentious) multiplicity of handlers, we can begin to reassemble the commons.PHDComparative LiteratureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140801/1/stroebel_2.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140801/2/stroebel_1.pd

A Tale of Production, Circulation and Consumption: Metals in Anatolia during the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age

The present dissertation aims at investigating the social and economic value assigned to metal by Anatolian communities and how it changed over time accordingly to the growth of social complexity and interregional connections. the adoption of a holistic approach embracing the whole metal life cycle will allow the systematization of the vast array of regional evidence into a coherent ‘big picture’ and – at the same time - achieve a more refined understanding of the interconnections existing between the major steps in the life cycle of metals - i.e. production, circulation and consumption, and their synergic significance in revealing how metal was perceived by real people. Focussing on the interaction between metallurgical technologies, metal artefacts and the real people that developed and utilised them, the dissertation represents an attempt to integrate scientific results with theoretical and contextual studies. Each step of the metals’ life history will be addressed through different lines of analytical approach, in order to reconstruct a coherent narrative of the major developments that occurred in the relationship between metals and Anatolian communities during the LC and EBA

Jacopo Strada and Cultural Patronage at The Imperial Court (2 Vols.)

Dirk Jacob Jansen provides an overview of the life and career of the sixteenth-century cosmopolitan courtier, architect and antiquary Jacopo Strada. Readership: All interested in Austrian and Italian Renaissance archtecture, art and antiques trade, court life, and the transmission of ideas to North and Central Europe

Maritime expressions:a corpus based exploration of maritime metaphors

This study uses a purpose-built corpus to explore the linguistic legacy of Britain’s maritime history found in the form of hundreds of specialised ‘Maritime Expressions’ (MEs), such as TAKEN ABACK, ANCHOR and ALOOF, that permeate modern English. Selecting just those expressions commencing with ’A’, it analyses 61 MEs in detail and describes the processes by which these technical expressions, from a highly specialised occupational discourse community, have made their way into modern English. The Maritime Text Corpus (MTC) comprises 8.8 million words, encompassing a range of text types and registers, selected to provide a cross-section of ‘maritime’ writing. It is analysed using WordSmith analytical software (Scott, 2010), with the 100 million-word British National Corpus (BNC) as a reference corpus. Using the MTC, a list of keywords of specific salience within the maritime discourse has been compiled and, using frequency data, concordances and collocations, these MEs are described in detail and their use and form in the MTC and the BNC is compared. The study examines the transformation from ME to figurative use in the general discourse, in terms of form and metaphoricity. MEs are classified according to their metaphorical strength and their transference from maritime usage into new registers and domains such as those of business, politics, sports and reportage etc. A revised model of metaphoricity is developed and a new category of figurative expression, the ‘resonator’, is proposed. Additionally, developing the work of Lakov and Johnson, Kovesces and others on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), a number of Maritime Conceptual Metaphors are identified and their cultural significance is discussed

Development of a corpus workbench for the METU Turkish Corpus

We will introduce a corpus workbench designed and implemented for the METU Turkish Corpus. The workbench design introduces a number of useful features and the workbench itself is basically usable with any TEI and XML compliant corpus, provided that it can be indexed in the format required by the workbench