115 research outputs found
Intelligence Oversight In Times of Transnational Impunity: Who Will Watch the Watchers?
This book adopts a critical lens to look at the workings of Western intelligence and intelligence oversight over time and space. Largely confined to the sub-field of intelligence studies, scholarly engagements with intelligence oversight have typically downplayed the violence carried out by secretive agencies. These studies have often served to justify weak oversight structures and promoted only marginal adaptations of policy frameworks in the wake of intelligence scandals. The essays gathered in this volume challenge the prevailing doxa in the academic field, adopting a critical lens to look at the workings of intelligence oversight in Europe and North America. Through chapters spanning across multiple disciplinesâpolitical sociology, history, and lawâthe book aims to recast intelligence oversight as acting in symbiosis with the legitimisation of the stateâs secret violence and the enactment of impunity, showing how intelligence actors practically navigate the legal and political constraints created by oversight frameworks and practices, for instance by developing transnational networks of interdependence. The book also explores inventive legal steps and human rights mechanisms aimed at bridging some of the most serious gaps in existing frameworks, drawing inspiration from recent policy developments in the international struggle against torture. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, sociology, security studies, and international relations
The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoplesâ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa : a commentary
Since its adoption on 11 July 2003, the Protocol to the African Charter on
Human and Peoplesâ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (the Maputo
Protocol) has become a landmark on the African human rights landscape. It
has steadily gained prominence as a trail-blazing instrument, responsive to
the diverse realities of women on the African continent. This comprehensive
Commentary on the Maputo Protocol, the first of its kind, provides
systematic analysis of each article of the Protocol, delving into the drafting
history, and elaborating on relevant key concepts and normative standards.
This Commentary aims to be a âone-stop-shopâ for anyone interested in the
Maputo Protocol, such as researchers, teachers, students, practitioners,
policymakers and activists.https://www.pulp.up.ac.za/pulp-commentaries/the-protocol-to-the-african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights-on-the-rights-of-women-in-africa-a-commentaryhj2023Centre for Human Right
The powers of a peace officer to arrest a suspect without a warrant, detain and use force : its constitutionality and consequences on the rights of a suspect
Peace officers are empowered to arrest without a warrant, detain and use force on
suspects. Suspects are guaranteed protection and promotion of their constitutional
rights and any act that violates their constitutional rights will be unlawful. As a result of
the unlawful actions of peace officers, suspects are subjected to poor conditions in
police station holding cells. Consequent to the unlawful actions of peace officers,
suspects are entitled to institute civil claims for damages. However, the
disproportionate calculation of damages necessitates a uniform and mathematically
correct method to calculate damages. Moreover, peace officersâ lack of knowledge on
the legal aspects of an arrest without a warrant, detention, the use of force and the
importance of the constitutional rights of suspects is the reason for the rate of unlawful
actions and violations of constitutional rights. South Africa is bound by international
law and regional law instruments. However, due compliance with the provisions of the
relevant instruments which promote the human rights of suspects is questionable.
Furthermore, the South African legal principles will be compared with foreign
jurisdictions such as Canada and the United Kingdom in order to determine whether
South Africa can emulate their best practices in educating peace officers on the
relevant legal principles and protecting the constitutional rights of suspects.
It is proposed that amendments to the existing legislation should be made in order to
protect the constitutional rights of suspects and to limit the powers of peace officers
so that the rate of unlawful actions are alleviated. In order to compensate for the
violation of the constitutional rights of suspects, a mathematically accurate and uniform
method should be implemented by all South African courts so that awards are
proportionate, fair and reasonable. South Africa should make efforts to be more
compliant with its obligations as provided for in international and regional instruments.
Furthermore, South Africa should make efforts to emulate the practices and legal
principles in Canada and the United Kingdom in order to enhance and develop the
legal principles and practices in South Africa so that the police force can become
professionalised and the constitutional rights of suspects are promoted and protected.Criminal and Procedural LawLL. D
Gas, Water and Solid Waste Treatment Technology
This book introduces a variety of treatment technologies, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods for the treatment of gas emissions, wastewater, and solid waste. It provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students, in the areas of environmental science and engineering
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