What Type Of Enterprise Forges Close Links With Universities And Government Labs? Evidence From CIS 2

This paper tries to uncover some of the economic factors that encourage firms to seek information from universities and government labs or to collaborate with these institutions. We exploit the information contained in the second Community Innovation Surveys (CIS2) for France, Germany, Ireland and Spain. We estimate an ordered probit model on the importance of knowledge sourcing from universities and government labs controlling for selection bias, and a trivariate probit model explaining the innovation, collaboration in innovation, and collaboration with universities and government labs decisions with twice censored data. R&D-intensive firms and radical innovators tend to source knowledge from universities and government labs but not to cooperate with them directly. Outright collaborations in innovation with universities and government labs is characteristic of large firms, firms that patent or those that receive government support for innovation. Members of an enterprise group tend to cooperate in innovation but not directly with universities or government labs. Cette étude essaye de découvrir quels sont les facteurs économiques qui poussent les entreprises à chercher de l'information pour innover auprès des universités et des laboratoires publics de recherche ou à coopérer avec ces deux institutions. Nous nous servons des données de la seconde vague d'enquêtes communautaires d'innovation européennes (CIS2) pour l'Allemagne, la France, l'Espagne et l'Irlande. Nous estimons, d'une part, un modèle probit ordonné pour les universités et les laboratoires publics de recherche comme sources d'information, en contrôlant pour un biais de sélection et, d'autre part, un modèle probit trivarié pour les décisions successives d'innover, de collaborer et en particulier de collaborer avec les universités et les laboratoires publics de recherche, avec deux censures des données. Nous trouvons que les entreprises intensives en recherche et les innovateurs radicaux vont chercher de l'information auprès des universités et les laboratoires publics mais ne collaborent pas eux. Ces collaborations sont le fait de grandes firmes, d'entreprises breveteuses, et de celles qui reçoivent du support gouvermental pour innover. Des entreprises qui font partie d'un groupe ont tendance à collaborer mais pas nécessairement avec les universités et les laboratoires publics re recherche.Innovation, industry-university collaborations, knowledge sourcing, government labs, CIS2, Innovation, collaborations universités-entreprises, laboratoires publics de recherche, sources d'information pour innover, CIS2

The Ascent, 1979 March 8

Student newspaper of Daemen College (formerly Rosary Hill College)

A Software Engineered Voice-Enabled Job Recruitment Portal System

The inability of job seekers to get timely job information regarding the status of the application submitted via conventional job portal system which is usually dependent on accessibility to the Internet has made so many job applicants to lose their placements. Worse still, the epileptic services offered by Internet Service Providers and the poor infrastructures in most developing countries have greatly hindered the expected benefits from Internet usage. These have led to cases of online vacancies notifications unattended to simply because a job seeker is neither aware nor has access to the Internet. With an increasing patronage of mobile phones, a self-service job vacancy notification with audio functionality or an automated job vacancy notification to all qualified job seekers through mobile phones will simply provide a solution to these challenges. In this paper, we present a Voice-enabled Job Recruitment Portal (JRP) System. The system is accessed through two interfaces – the voice user’s interface (VUI) and web interface. The VUI was developed using VoiceXML and the web interface using PHP, and both interfaces integrated with Apache and MySQL as the middleware and back-end component respectively. The JRP proposed in this paper takes the hassle of job hunting from job seekers, provides job status information in real-time to the job seeker and offers other benefits such as, cost, effectiveness, speed, accuracy, ease of documentation, convenience and better logistics to the employer in seeking the right candidate for a job

Spartan Daily, February 7, 1992

Volume 98, Issue 10https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/8223/thumbnail.jp

Betterment

When property is wrongfully damaged the cost of reinstatement is often the appropriate measure of damages. Reinstatement by repair or replacement is, however often possible only by replacing old materials with new materials that enhance the value of the property, generating betterment. In such cases courts are faced with a choice whether to abide the betterment and award the cost of reinstatement, or reduce damages to offset the betterment. Examples of both responses to betterment are found in the cases, but no clear principle has been articulated by Canadian courts as to when one is to be preferred over the other I advance such a principle here, and use it to resolve some difficulties faced by courts in the assessment of damages where betterment is present

Survey on public perceptions of environmental risks

The European Commission's Environment Directorate-General (DG Environment) has published Survey on public perceptions of environmental risks, a report of research conducted by CEP with partners at the University of A Coruña (Spain), the University of Latvia, Oikos (Slovenia), Sapienza University of Rome (Italy) and the West University of Timisoara (Romania).[Abstract] The aim of this project was to understand the differences between public perception and scientific assessment of environmental risks and the main factors influencing the evolution of public perspectives in Europe. The project used a mixed methodology research approach, including a survey of experts and focus groups with members of the public. Overall, the environmental risks seen as being of highest concern by members of the public were similar to the top risks identified by experts. However, consumption habits appeared high in the list of concerns for experts but was generally ranked much lower across the focus groups. Waste was an issue of concern to public participants that was not ranked highly by experts. Factors that influence lay perceptions of risk include individual identity and background, collective cultural, institutional and socio-political systems, social values and degree of trust in authorities. A number of qualitative characteristics of environmental risks were also found to influence many aspects of lay assessments of environmental risks. These included factors such as scale and severity, proximity and personal control. Discussions in the focus groups showed that many people were using multiple sources of information to develop their understanding of what are often complex environmental issues

Environmental Protection, Consumer Awareness, Product Characteristics, and Market Power

We investigate the behavior of a polluting monopolist whose production causes a global damage affecting consumers and non-consumers alike while consumption causes a specific damage affecting consumers only. The monopolist anticipates strategically how her decisions on product variant, price and pollution affect the purchasing decisions in a Hotelling market. We compare a standard unregulated monopolist and a monopolist subject to environmental regulation. We show that both monopolists choose the same product variant, that the regulated monopolist pollutes less, produces as much or more, and charges a higher price than the unregulated one. Hence, environmental regulation always lead to an increase in price but never to a reduction in production. Nous étudions le comportement d'un monopole dont la production cause un dommage global de pollution pour les consommateurs et les non-consommateurs de son produit et un dommage spécifique additionnel pour les consommateurs. Le monopole anticipe de manière stratégique l'impact des caractéristiques et du prix du produit et celui du niveau de pollution sur les décisions d'achat des consommateurs. Nous comparons le monopole standard non réglementé et le monopole sujet à une réglementation environnementale. Nous montrons que les deux monopoles choisissent la même variété de produit, que le monopole réglementé pollue moins, produit autant sinon plus, et demande un prix plus élevé que le monopole non-réglementé. Ainsi, la réglementation environnementale dans ce contexte entraîne toujours une hausse de prix mais ne mène jamais à une baisse de production.environmental protection, consumer awareness, product characteristics, market power, protection environnementale, consommateurs verts, caractéristiques des produits, pouvoir de marché