Design and implementation of electronic toll collection system based on vehicle positioning system techniques

[[abstract]]Currently, most electronic toll collection (ETC) systems around the world are implemented by DSRC (dedicated short range communication) technology. However, area wide integrated MLFF (multilane free flow) road charging system is now currently on its development to replace DSRC-based ETC systems. VPS (vehicle positioning system) based ETC system is a category of location based service which tolls vehilces by determining if they move into the charging zone. It is an evolutional technology for area wide integrated road charging solution, which achieves the goal of electronic payment or electronic toll collection by a totally different scheme comparing to traditional DSRC-based technology. In this paper, the design and implementation of VPS-based ETC system is detailedly discussed, and a debit transaction VPS system field test had been practiced in the freeway of Taiwan. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A Framework for Electronic Toll Collection in Smart and Connected Communities

Abstract—The number of vehicles plying the highways keeps growing at a steady pace, leading to high maintenance costs. Toll collection was introduced as a means of raising funds for road maintenance, but the traditional method is usually slow and is prone to cause vehicular traffic congestion on the highways. In this paper, a framework was proposed for Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) in smart and connected communities. The main components of the intelligent system architecture are the wireless sensor nodes, web and mobile applications, and a cloud platform. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) enables vehicle detection and classification, and establishes a communication link to the back-end of the system. The central database and the web server are hosted in the Cloud while a mobile application is used for electronic transactions, subscription renewal, notification of toll payments, and for tracking toll payment history. In addition, a web dash board is provided for efficient toll administration. The implementation of this system will improve the toll collection efficiency in terms of speed and flexibility. Overall, the contribution of this work extends the frontier of WSNs to the domain of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)

Electronic Toll Collection Systems and their Interoperability: The State of Art

[EN] The European Electronic Toll Service (EETS) was created in 2004 with the aim of ensuring interoperability among the existing electronic toll collection (ETC) systems in Europe. However, the lack of cooperation between groups of stakeholders has not made possible to achieve this goal ten years later. The purpose of this research is to determine the better way to achieve interoperability among the different ETC systems in Europe. Our study develops a review of the six main ETC systems available worldwide: Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR), Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Satellite systems (GNSS), Tachograph, and Mobile communications tolling systems. The research also provides some insight on different emerging technologies. By focusing on different operational and strategic aspects offered by each technology, we identify their main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and makes different recommendations to improve the current framework. The research concludes that given the diversity of advantages and inconveniences offered by each system, the selection of a certain ETC technology should also take into account its potential to overcome the weaknesses in the current ETC framework. In this line, different policy recommendations are proposed to improve the present ETC strategy at the EU.De Las Heras Molina, J.; Gómez Sánchez, J.; Vassallo Magro, J. (2016). Electronic Toll Collection Systems and their Interoperability: The State of Art. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2011-2018. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3186OCS2011201

A new innovative model using RFID : a system design and its implementation

In this study an innovative RFID model is presented. This is a very innovative concept, pursuing a new way of looking at current systems as well as their potential. This model includes the necessary equipment, includes also the current systems and the different business areas in which the company operates. The aim of this study is to bring together the existing processes and technologies, providing a different solution, organizing a different way of operating and offering a more efficient approach. The aim is also, by offering certain products and services, to become part of a project embraced by a company, with an interest in developing it given that it has the capacity for its implementation. In this particular case an essay of the network model was presented to Brisa Inovação e Tecnologia, MARL - Mercado Abastecedor da Região de Lisboa and Frigoservice. This model can be applied to individuals or to the services they may need, such as the anticipation of compact traffic on a lane, thanks to the real-time information of passage speeds in certain frames. Is also shown in this study the equipment that permits the model that is presented to become possible (the OBUi equipment).peer-reviewe

Political and technical complexities of electronic toll collection: Lessons from Taiwan

Traditional manual toll collection (MTC) imposes a significant queue length near toll plazas and results in road users delay (travel time loss), administration, fuel consumption, accidents, and other societal costs. Many countries (e.g. the U.S., Japan, Taiwan) have introduced and are continually upgrading Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems, thereby achieving key efficiencies and reduction in social costs. ETC systems worldwide have different toll collections technologies, for example, by road usage or Vignette, by peak or non-peak travel, or by distance travelled. Consequently, countries are faced with many technical and political complexities both at the initial consideration of whether to introduce ETC, and in any subsequent development. Taiwan has much experience of both toll collection and also ETC and has a long history in relation to its introduction. This paper presents historical and qualitative interview data with highly experienced ETC operators and government officials in Taiwan. Results are presented and discussed along four major axes: practical applicability, technological development, political variation and publicity and marketing. It also provides a retrospective and current consideration along these axes of technical and political complexities involved with introducing ETC. The paper is intended to inform transportation agencies considering introducing or developing their own ETC systems. Areas of future research for ETC are also suggested

Design and Implementation of Electronic Toll Collection System Based on Vehicle Positioning System Techniques

[[abstract]]Currently, most electronic toll collection (ETC) systems around the world are implemented by DSRC (dedicated short range communication) technology. However, area wide integrated MLFF (multilane free flow) road charging system is now currently on its development to replace DSRC-based ETC systems. VPS (vehicle positioning system) based ETC system is a category of location based service which tolls vehilces by determining if they move into the charging zone. It is an evolutional technology for area wide integrated road charging solution, which achieves the goal of electronic payment or electronic toll collection by a totally different scheme comparing to traditional DSRC-based technology. In this paper, the design and implementation of VPS-based ETC system is detailedly discussed, and a debit transaction VPS system field test had been practiced in the freeway of Taiwan

Microscopic Simulation On The Operation And Capacity Of Toll Plaza In Malaysia

Microscopic traffic simulation software has several applications, such as performance evaluation, plan improvements, traffic operation control, design, and transportation facility management. This study presents the application of the well-known traffic simulation software VISSIM in the operation of toll plazas in Malaysia. This study evaluates the overall toll operation of two types of closed system toll plazas in the Malaysian expressway to gain insight into the variables that influence toll operations, which in turn affect the actual capacity of toll plazas in terms of average and maximum queue length. VISSIM was used to build toll plaza models for the mainline and ramp toll plazas which are Juru and Jawi respectively, to study their toll operations and actual capacities. In order to simulate the toll operations at toll plazas, microscopic data were obtained for each vehicle arriving and departing the toll plazas through video recordings. Video recordings were taken from two sources. The first source was from the installed CCTV and the second source was from the PLUS CCTV cameras at the tollbooths. The collected field data of the Juru and Jawi toll plazas differed in terms of number of lanes, lane configuration, toll base fee, expressway location, traffic demand, and traffic composition characteristics. The toll plaza models were then calibrated according to the measure of effectiveness and key parameter to match real world toll operations at toll plazas. Results revealed that service time is the most important parameter for evaluating the toll operation of toll plazas. Moreover, service time for entry is much lower than the service time for exit. The findings indicated that the percentage of heavy vehicles in traffic flow has a significant impact on the queue lengths at the Juru and Jawi toll plazas. Apart from that, the models were used to predict the operation of toll plazas in the future upon implementation of full electronic toll collection (ETC). The results indicated that the implementation of full ETC at the entry of both the Juru and Jawi toll plazas did not improve the operations of the toll plazas. However, the implementation of full ETC at the exit significantly improved the toll operations. But, the implementation of full ETC at the exit of the Jawi toll plaza has negatively influenced the queue lengths of Touch 'n Go and Smart TAG lanes due to the location of the signalised intersection which is near to Jawi toll plaza. The study has managed to contribute to two major findings at the traffic operations at toll plaza. The first contribution is on the prediction of traffic operation at the toll plaza in the future after the implementation of full electronic toll collection system at conventional toll plazas. The second contribution is on the estimation of the actual capacity of the conventional toll plazas

Location based services in wireless ad hoc networks

In this dissertation, we investigate location based services in wireless ad hoc networks from four different aspects - i) location privacy in wireless sensor networks (privacy), ii) end-to-end secure communication in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks (security), iii) quality versus latency trade-off in content retrieval under ad hoc node mobility (performance) and iv) location clustering based Sybil attack detection in vehicular ad hoc networks (trust). The first contribution of this dissertation is in addressing location privacy in wireless sensor networks. We propose a non-cooperative sensor localization algorithm showing how an external entity can stealthily invade into the location privacy of sensors in a network. We then design a location privacy preserving tracking algorithm for defending against such adversarial localization attacks. Next we investigate secure end-to-end communication in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. Here, due to lack of control on sensors\u27 locations post deployment, pre-fixing pairwise keys between sensors is not feasible especially under larger scale random deployments. Towards this premise, we propose differentiated key pre-distribution for secure end-to-end secure communication, and show how it improves existing routing algorithms. Our next contribution is in addressing quality versus latency trade-off in content retrieval under ad hoc node mobility. We propose a two-tiered architecture for efficient content retrieval in such environment. Finally we investigate Sybil attack detection in vehicular ad hoc networks. A Sybil attacker can create and use multiple counterfeit identities risking trust of a vehicular ad hoc network, and then easily escape the location of the attack avoiding detection. We propose a location based clustering of nodes leveraging vehicle platoon dispersion for detection of Sybil attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks --Abstract, page iii