Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D printing Special Interest Group (SIG): Guidelines for medical 3D printing and appropriateness for clinical scenarios

Este número da revista Cadernos de Estudos Sociais estava em organização quando fomos colhidos pela morte do sociólogo Ernesto Laclau. Seu falecimento em 13 de abril de 2014 surpreendeu a todos, e particularmente ao editor Joanildo Burity, que foi seu orientando de doutorado na University of Essex, Inglaterra, e que recentemente o trouxe à Fundação Joaquim Nabuco para uma palestra, permitindo que muitos pudessem dialogar com um dos grandes intelectuais latinoamericanos contemporâneos. Assim, buscamos fazer uma homenagem ao sociólogo argentino publicando uma entrevista inédita concedida durante a sua passagem pelo Recife, em 2013, encerrando essa revista com uma sessão especial sobre a sua trajetória

A Procedure for Designing Custom-Made Implants for Forehead Augmentation in People Suffering from Apert Syndrome

none5noThis paper presents a methodological procedure, based on the anatomical reconstruction and constrained deformation, to design custom-made implants for forehead augmentation in people affected by Apert syndrome, experiencing a frontal bone deficiency. According to the anthropometric theory, a cranial landmarks identification procedure was applied to retrieve, from a repository, a healthy skull, used as reference geometry for implant modelling. Then, using constrained deformation and free-form modelling techniques, it was possible to design a patient-specific implant. At last, the implant was realised using a custom mould, specially designed according to the patient’s needs to provide an accurate fit of the defect site. The design procedure was tested on a patient suffering from Apert syndrome. Three implants were virtually modelled and 3D-printed for pre-surgical evaluation. Their shapes were 3D compared with a reference one (handcrafted by a surgeon) to test the accuracy. Deviations are negligible, and the customised implant fulfilled the surgeon’s requirements.openMandolini M.; Caragiuli M.; Brunzini A.; Mazzoli A.; Pagnoni M.Mandolini, M.; Caragiuli, M.; Brunzini, A.; Mazzoli, A.; Pagnoni, M

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D printing Special Interest Group (SIG): guidelines for medical 3D printing and appropriateness for clinical scenarios

Abstract Medical three-dimensional (3D) printing has expanded dramatically over the past three decades with growth in both facility adoption and the variety of medical applications. Consideration for each step required to create accurate 3D printed models from medical imaging data impacts patient care and management. In this paper, a writing group representing the Radiological Society of North America Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (SIG) provides recommendations that have been vetted and voted on by the SIG active membership. This body of work includes appropriate clinical use of anatomic models 3D printed for diagnostic use in the care of patients with specific medical conditions. The recommendations provide guidance for approaches and tools in medical 3D printing, from image acquisition, segmentation of the desired anatomy intended for 3D printing, creation of a 3D-printable model, and post-processing of 3D printed anatomic models for patient care.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146524/1/41205_2018_Article_30.pd

State of the art of Additive Manufacturing for polymeric medical implants

Published Conference ProceedingsAdditive Manufacturing (AM) commonly known as 3D printing has found many applications in the automotive, aerospace and medical industries. The flexibility to fabricate 3D objects of any complexity displayed by AM technologies such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), PolyJet printing and electrospinning, has been used to improve the lives of many patients through the provision of polymeric implants, scaffolds and devices for drug delivery. The common limitation of such applications is the biocompatibility of the AM material with the human body and systems. An ideal non degradable implant would not invoke an inflammatory or toxic response whereas for a degradable implant, the degradants must also be metabolized in the body after fulfilling its purpose, thus leaving no trace. Furthermore, inertness, weight similar to human bone or even lighter, capability to generate no artifacts on Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, sufficient strength to resist functional stresses for load bearing implants, low and no thermal conductivity, easy sterilization and low cost of manufacturing are the desired characteristics for the acceptance of the use of an implant in a human body. Metallic and ceramic implants have been extensively used for medical implants. However the possible need for a second surgery to remove metallic implants, the stress shielding effect, the radio-opacity of the metal and long-term presence of metallic ions in vivo are major disadvantages of metallic implants which can be overcome by the use of their counterparts manufactured from polymeric materials. Building on the already established AM powder based technologies; a transition from micro to nanosized powder particles to improve the mechanical properties of SLS polymeric implants is a new trend of development. The optimum ratio of Hydroxyapatite (HA) to polymer composites and the establishment of measuring standards to meet the requirement of a medical implant are the actual challenges of AM for polymeric medical implants

Orthognathic surgical simulation of Class III patients using 3-D cone beam CT images

Objective: Our aim is to determine if virtual surgery performed on 3-D cone beam CT models correctly simulated the actual surgical outcome of Class III orthognathic surgical patients. Methods: All data was acquired from the UNC orthognathic surgery stability studies. We created segmentations of the maxillofacial hard tissues of twenty class III patients. We performed virtual surgeries on cone beam CT images using the CranioMaxilloFacial Application software. Results: The virtual surgical models were superimposed on the models of the actual surgical outcomes. The virtual surgery accurately recreated all surgical movements. Surgery residents showed greater variability in lateral ramus positioning than attending faculty. Conclusions: Our methodology demonstrated valid recreation of the subjects' craniofacial skeleton. It allows the surgeon to better predict surgical outcomes. Future validation of occlusal and soft tissue components would be valuable. Virtual surgical training for surgical residents could be beneficial. Supported by NIDCR DE 005215 and the SA

Simulation Guided Navigation in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: a new approach to improve intraoperative three-dimensional accuracy and reproducibility during surgery.

The aim of this PhD thesis " Simulation Guided Navigation in cranio- maxillo- facial surgery : a new approach to Improve intraoperative three-dimensional accuracy and reproducibility during surgery ." was at the center of its attention the various applications of a method introduced by our School in 2010 and has as its theme the increase of interest of reproducibility of surgical programs through methods that in whole or in part are using intraoperative navigation. It was introduced in Orthognathic Surgery Validation a new method for the interventions carried out according to the method Simulation Guided Navigation in facial deformities ; was then analyzed the method of three-dimensional control of the osteotomies through the use of templates and cutting of plates using the method precontoured CAD -CAM and laser sintering . It was finally proceeded to introduce the method of piezonavigated surgery in the various branches of maxillofacial surgery . These studies have been subjected to validation processes and the results are presented .Obiettivo di questa tesi di Dottorato “Simulation Guided Navigation in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: a new approach to improve intraoperative three-dimensional accuracy and reproducibility during surgery.” ha avuto al centro delle proprie attenzioni le varie applicazioni di una metodica introdotta dalla ns. Scuola nel 2010 e che ha come tema di interesse l’aumento delle riproducibilità dei programmi chirurgici mediante metodiche che in toto o in parte utilizzano il navigatore intraoperatorio. Si è introdotto in Chirurgia Ortognatica un nuovo Metodo di Validazione per gli interventi effettuati secondo la metodica Simulation Guided Navigation nelle malformazioni facciali ; si è poi analizzata la metodica di controllo tridimensionale delle osteotomie mediante l’utilizzo delle dime di taglio e delle placche premodellate mediante metodica CAD-CAM e sinterizzazione laser. Si è infine proceduto ad introdurre la metodica di chirurgia piezonavigata alle varie branche di chirurgia maxillo-facciale. Tali studi sono stati sottoposti a processi di validazione ed i risultati vengono presentati

Advanced Applications of Rapid Prototyping Technology in Modern Engineering

Rapid prototyping (RP) technology has been widely known and appreciated due to its flexible and customized manufacturing capabilities. The widely studied RP techniques include stereolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), three-dimensional printing (3DP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), 3D plotting, solid ground curing (SGC), multiphase jet solidification (MJS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM). Different techniques are associated with different materials and/or processing principles and thus are devoted to specific applications. RP technology has no longer been only for prototype building rather has been extended for real industrial manufacturing solutions. Today, the RP technology has contributed to almost all engineering areas that include mechanical, materials, industrial, aerospace, electrical and most recently biomedical engineering. This book aims to present the advanced development of RP technologies in various engineering areas as the solutions to the real world engineering problems