Set-based Design Method for Multi-objective Structural Design with Conflicting Performances Under Topological Change

In car manufacturing, sustainable structural design with multiple conflicting objectives like weight reduction for less CO2 emission, strength and rigidity is essential. This research focuses on topological optimization method with which greater weight reduction is expected to be achieved. In view of the application of preference set-based design (PSD) method, topologically satisfied design is considered. We applied PSD method to the design of topological model. This study indicates the efficacy of PSD method to topological design problems including weight reduction aspect

Semantic interoperability for an integrated product development process: a systematic literature review

International audienceGlobal competitiveness challenges manufacturing industry to rationalise different ways of bringing to the market new products in a short lead-time with competitive prices while ensuring higher quality levels and customisation. Industries need to effectively share heterogeneous information during Product Development Process (PDP) within and across their institutional boundaries to be competitive. However, problems with misinterpretation and mistakes have been identified during information exchange due to the semantic interoperability obstacles. Thus, this research proposes a systematic literature review to identify the main researches and the milestones reference works on semantic interoperability field. A rigorous methodology was conducted in different databases, covering the articles published in scientific journals from 2005 to 2015 as a preliminary study had indicated that the incidence of articles related to the subject was more frequent from the second half of the 2000s. The research structure consisted of four steps: Survey-searching, analysis and selection of recent researches; Categorization-categorization of the selected papers; References citation frequency analysis-the selected papers were analysed and the main researches and milestones references were identified; and Main researches critical analysis – the main researches were analysed for their contributions and limitations, their contributions and limitations, resulting in 14 selected scientific articles and 8 identified milestones references. It is evident that this field has interesting perspectives on future research opportunities on semantic interoperability of information issues across PDP, contributing to the new concepts of future factories

Analysis of contexts and conceptual variables for a sustainable approach into systemic model

The research deals with an approximation to systemic design focused on sustainability, analyzing issues affecting the conceptualization of a product-system or service, in the initial stages of the design process, determining from a qualitative perspective on this phase of the project, a set of variables that are articulated both from basic design criteria as well as from sustainability criteria. For it, one resorts to the use of a multiobjective design model, in order to manage data, information and knowledge as well as its networks of relationships. It starts from the consideration of multiple sources of uncertainty that are reduced by a filtering process of the outer system, from an approach proposed for such purposes. Similarly, is raised the highlighting of variables that contribute to complement the emotional aspects, spiritual and scale of values related to users or consumers, as a strategy to assist in the process of providing a new pillar to the triad of sustainability, traditionally supported by environmental, economic and social pillars. For the description of procedures, structures and functions, a case study is presented in which are outlined the intrinsic qualities of a reference system and their interaction networks, starting with the filtering process of the outer system, till the obtaining of the key variables that have greater impact on the definition of formal, functional and ergonomic objectives in the inner subsystems

The investigation of environmental sustainability within product design:a critical review

Sustainability encompasses social, economic and environmental issues with the primary aim to fulfil the needs of the present society without compromising the potential needs of future generations. Product design has been identified to greatly influence the sustainability of New Product Development. This study aims to identify and review the fundamental factors in which product design has the ability to influence and improve the overall environmental sustainability of a product. A comprehensive literature review has been performed to establish trends over the past four decades. The factors that have significant potential, such as the 6Rs, waste and energy, which aid designers in the implementation of environmental sustainability during the product design process have been identified and discussed. Through this analysis, a new conceptual framework has been conceived, facilitating designers in implementing environmental sustainability during product development. In addition, future research opportunities have been identified

Expert system for ship lock control based on computational intelligence

U disertaciji je dato jedno rešenje automatskog operativnog upravljanja dvosmernom brodskom prevodnicom sa jednom komorom. Kreiran je ekspertski sistem zasnovan na rasplinutoj (fuzzy) logici. Upravljački sistem je testiran na modelu brodske prevodnice koji je kreiran na osnovu statističkih podataka o gustini saobraćaja na hidrosistemu DTD (Dunav-Tisa-Dunav), na osnovu tehničke dokumentacije brodske prevodnice i na osnovu razgovora sa operaterima. Sistem je zatim optimizovan globalnim algoritmima optimizacije. Dobijeno rešenje se pokazalo značajno bolje u poređenju sa standardnim algoritmima odluke.This thesis presents a solution to automatic control of a two-way one-channel ship lock. Expert system based on fuzzy logic is designed. This control system is tested on model of ship lock created using statistical data of transportation density on DTD (Danube-Tisa-Danube) channel, using technical documentation of ship lock and interview with operators. The system is further optimized with global optimization techniques. Given solution proved to be significantly better than standard decision algorithms

LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN EL DISEÑO SISTÉMICO Un enfoque conceptual para el desarrollo de productos y servicios sostenibles

Tesis por compendioSustainability has stopped being a fashionable topic for the ecologists and environmentalists, who were trying to make aware the companies, industries and governments in taking a major respect as the environment; to turn into a topic that implies the whole society, at present encompassed, without any distinction of race, religion or social condition. One of the purposes of the research is to analyze methodologies and tools for the development of sustainable products, in order to know if these respond to the current needs of users/consumers and the environment. In addition, to check if ecodesign principles and sustainability criteria are being considered in order to identify which are the main factors for the development of conceptual solutions, whether these are products, services or PSS, but based on sustainability. This research aims to link the principles of sustainability to the "know-how" of the designer. For this purpose, it starts from the analysis of the concurrent design methodology, considering the stages of the model and its respective phases, using systemic tools for the development of products, systems and services and analyzing how this methodology can be applied to the development of sustainable solutions. It is thought that the methodology already considers sustainability criteria, but emphasis is placed on the strategic development of the conceptual phase, which analyzes both the systemic tools and concepts of sustainability that facilitate the decision-making according to the raised targets. To this end, some tools and methodologies for sustainable design, eco-design and design for the environment, among others, are analyzed to identify, from the systemic, key components in the integration of sustainability criteria with external variables that affec the design of a product, service or product-service system. The research is based on three main hypotheses: 1) Sustainability in the design process, 2) Characterization of sustainable product / service and 3) Sustainable design criteria; by means of those an exploratory perspective of the systemic approach is made, focused on the development of products, services and PSS in support to sustainability, considering in its configuration and from the initial stages, sustainable criteria and the immaterial dimension in addition to the material dimension. The aforementioned hypotheses, simultaneously are linked through three secondary hypotheses that strengthen the research, based on 4) Designers and sustainability, 5) Sustainability and immateriality and 6) Trends in design and sustainability; With which, and from a descriptive standpoint, relate users/consumers and their motivations with sustainable dynamics and sustainable design solutions; Specifying characteristics of these relations in products, services and PSS that, in search of sustainability, may tend toward the immateriality and motivations of users/consumers. As important research findings, key points between design and sustainability at the process level, characterization, definition of criteria, designers/developers, drivers and dynamics, and finally trends and agents have been identified from the systemic, which have confirmed the impact of the systemic approach to the development of a sustainable product, service or PSS. On the one hand, it stand out the emphasis on the initial stages, mainly in the pose of the problem, which allows the establishment of filters that facilitate the application of sustainability criteria; while on the other hand, it is observed that the emphasis on the system viewpoint, it drives to that designers and developers - as key agents - being linkers in the processes of co-creation, along with the other agents; So that, from whether material or immaterial, identify ways, components, formats that meet the requirements, emotions or real needs of users/consumers.La sostenibilidad ha dejado de ser un tema de moda para los ecologistas y ambientalistas, que trataban de concienciar a las empresas, industrias y gobiernos en tener un mayor respeto por el medio ambiente; para convertirse en un tema que implica a toda una sociedad, actualmente globalizada, sin importar distinción de raza, religión o condición social. Uno de los propósitos de la investigación es analizar metodologías y herramientas para el desarrollo de productos sostenibles; además de observar, si en su aplicación realmente se consideran principios de ecodiseño y criterios de sostenibilidad, con el objeto de identificar qué factores pueden ser los más importantes para el desarrollo de soluciones conceptuales basadas en la sostenibilidad. La presente investigación pretende ligar principios de sostenibilidad al "quehacer" del diseñador. Para ello se parte del análisis de una metodología de diseño concurrente, considerando las etapas del modelo y sus respectivas fases, con la utilización de herramientas sistémicas para el desarrollo de productos, servicios y SPS, analizando cómo se puede aplicar esta metodología al desarrollo de soluciones sostenibles. Se estima que en la metodología ya se consideran criterios de sostenibilidad, pero se hace hincapié en el desarrollo estratégico de la fase conceptual, en donde se analizan tanto las herramientas sistémicas como conceptos de sostenibilidad que faciliten la toma de las decisiones más acertadas según los objetivos planteados. Para ello se analizan herramientas y metodologías para el diseño sostenible, eco-diseño y diseño para el medio ambiente, entre otros, para identificar desde la sistémica, componentes clave en la integración de criterios de sostenibilidad con las variables del exterior, que afectan al diseño de un producto, servicio o SPS. La investigación se fundamenta a partir de tres hipótesis principales, sustentadas en: 1) Sostenibilidad en el proceso de diseño, 2) Caracterización de producto/servicio sostenible y 3) Criterios de diseño sostenible; mediante las que se hace una aproximación exploratoria del enfoque sistémico que se debe dar al desarrollo de productos, servicios y SPS en favor de la sostenibilidad, considerando en su configuración y desde las etapas iniciales, criterios sostenibles y la dimensión inmaterial además de la dimensión material. Dichas hipótesis, a su vez son articuladas mediante tres hipótesis secundarias que consolidan la investigación, basadas en: 4) Diseñadores y sostenibilidad, 5) Sostenibilidad e inmaterialidad y 6) Tendencias en diseño y sostenibilidad; con las cuales, y desde una aproximación descriptiva, relacionan a usuarios/ consumidores y sus motivaciones con dinámicas sostenibles y soluciones de diseño sostenible; precisando características de estas relaciones en productos, servicios y SPS que, en búsqueda de la sostenibilidad, pueden tender hacia la inmaterialidad y dichas motivaciones del usuario/consumidor. Como hallazgos importantes de la investigación, se han identificado desde la sistémica, puntos clave entre diseño y sostenibilidad a nivel de proceso, caracterización, definición de criterios, diseñadores/desarrolladores, impulsores y dinámicas, y finalmente en tendencias y agentes; que han confirmado el impacto que puede causar el enfoque sistémico en la generación de un producto, servicio o SPS sostenible. Por un lado, se destaca el énfasis en las etapas iniciales, principalmente en el planteamiento del problema, que permite el establecimiento de filtros que facilitan la aplicación de criterios de sostenibilidad; mientras que de otro lado, se observa que el énfasis en la visión de sistema, impulsa a que diseñadores y desarrolladores -agentes clave-, sean vinculantes en los procesos de co-creación, junto con los demás actores; para que, desde un contenido, ya sea material o inmaterial, identifiquen maneras, componentes, formatos que satisfagan los requerimLa sostenibilitat ha deixat de ser un tema de moda per als ecologistes i ambientalistes, que tractaven de conscienciar a les empreses, indústries i governs a tindre un major respecte pel medi ambient; per a convertir-se en un tema que implica a tota una societat, actualment globalitzada, sense importar distinció de raça, religió o condició social. Un dels propòsits de la investigació és analitzar metodologies i ferramentes per al desenrotllament de productes sostenibles, a manera de saber si estes responen a les necessitats actuals dels usuàries/consumidors i del medi ambient. A més d'observar, si en la seua aplicació realment es consideren principies d'eco-disseny i criteris de sostenibilitat; amb l'objecte d'identificar quins factors poden ser els més importants per al desenrotllament de solucions conceptuals però basades en la sostenibilitat. La present investigació pretén lligar principis de sostenibilitat al "que fer" del dissenyador. Per a això es partix de l'anàlisi de la metodologia de disseny concurrent, considerant les etapes del model i les seues respectives fases, amb la utilització de ferramentes sistèmiques per al desenrotllament de productes, servicis i SPS, analitzant com es pot aplicar esta metodologia al desenrotllament de solucions sostenibles. Per a això s'analitzen ferramentes i metodologies per al disseny sostenible, eco-disseny i disseny per al medi ambient, entre altres, per a identificar des de la sistèmica, components clau en la integració de criteris de sostenibilitat amb les variables de l'exterior, que afecten el disseny d'un producte, servici o SPS. La investigació es fonamenta a partir de tres hipòtesis principals, sustentades en: 1) Sostenibilitat en el procés de disseny, 2) Caracterització de producte/servici sostenible i 3) Criteris de disseny sostenible; per mitjà de les que es fa una aproximació exploradora de l'enfocament sistèmic que s'ha de donar al desenrotllament de productes, servicis i SPS en favor de la sostenibilitat, considerant en la seua configuració i des de les etapes inicials, criteris sostenibles i la dimensió immaterial a més de la dimensió material. La dites hipòtesi, al seu torn són articulades per mitjà de tres hipòtesis secundàries que consoliden la investigació, basades en: 4) Dissenyadors i sostenibilitat, 5) Sostenibilitat i immaterialitat i 6) Tendències en disseny i sostenibilitat; amb les quals, i des d'una aproximació descriptiva, relacionen a usuàries/ consumidors i les seues motivacions amb dinàmiques sostenibles i solucions de disseny sostenible; precisant característiques d'estes relacions en productes, servicis i SPS que, a la recerca de la sostenibilitat, poden tendir cap a la immaterialitat i les dites motivacions dels usuàries/consumidores. Com a troballes importants de la investigació, s'han identificat des de la sistèmica, punts clau entre disseny i sostenibilitat a nivell de procés, caracterització, definició de criteris, dissenyadores/desenrotlladores, impulsors i dinàmiques, i finalment en tendències i agents; que han confirmat l'impacte que pot causar l'enfocament sistèmic en la generació d'un producte, servici o SPS sostenible. D'una banda, es destaca l'èmfasi en les etapes inicials, principalment en el plantejament del problema, que permet l'establiment de filtres que faciliten l'aplicació de criteris de sostenibilitat; mentres que d'un altre costat, s'observa que l'èmfasi en la visió de sistema, impulsa que dissenyadors i desenvolupadors -com agents clau-, siguen vinculants en els processos de co-creació, junt amb els altres agents; perquè, des d'un contingut, ja siga material o immaterial, identifiquen maneres, components, formats que satisfacen els requeriments, emocions o necessitats reals dels usuàries/consumidores.Rivera Pedroza, JC. (2017). LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN EL DISEÑO SISTÉMICO Un enfoque conceptual para el desarrollo de productos y servicios sostenibles [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90648TESISCompendi

Intégration de la maturité des connaissances dans la prise de décision en conception mécanique : application à un système solaire.

The successful development of industrial products has a considerable economic challenge for the company. Decisions on concepts and product architecture have a significant impact on the overall cost of the product life cycle. Manufacturers are then increasingly encouraged to adopt methods to streamline design decisions. These methods must be consistent with the level of knowledge acquired on alternative design, the nature of decision making and assessment tools available. Thus, both methods of decision support have been developed in this thesis based on the study design phase.A first method is proposed for the upstream design stage in which the goal of the company is to reduce the number of concepts initially proposed to focus its efforts and resources on the most promising concepts. During this phase, the products are defined very loosely. Designers must then make a lot of assumptions when proposing role models to assess the concepts. These models, which express a knowledge of explicit nature, are insufficient to make choices concepts. To overcome this difficulty, we are moving in our study to the implicit knowledge (or subjective), obtained through the experience and expertise acquired by the designers. To integrate this knowledge in decision-making, it is first formalized through tools such as preferably functions. The overall approach to decision support proposed for combining both the implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge (represented by the role models) to assess each concept in terms of ability to meet the minimum requirements for validation and level fitness with the design goals. The objectives and preferences of decision makers are, in turn, structured and formalized through the OIA model (Observation-Interpretation-Aggregation) previously developed in the laboratory I2M-BMI.A second method was proposed for the downstream design phase that aims to set the parameters of the final product (choice of materials, dimensions, etc.) after the concept was chosen. During this phase, the product is defined in a more precise manner and behavior patterns are more representative of the relevant physical phenomena of the concept studied. These models are however based on assumptions which sometimes lead to a questioning their accuracy, especially for some design parameters. Fix the product parameters based solely on these patterns of behavior requires taking into account their accuracy level. We have therefore developed an accuracy indicator of these models that integrates on the one hand, an objective assessment which is the measure of difference between the model and a reference behavior (assumed correct) and, secondly, on a subjective assessment that is based on the distance measurement with the reference solution (prototyped solution) and trusts functions established by the designers. The combination of objective and subjective assessment of the accuracy provides at the end a general indicator of accuracy able to cover the entire design space. The indicator thus obtained is used in a method of decision support that qualifies each candidate solution in terms of risk posed by the accuracy of the models and level of satisfaction of design objectives (based the model OIA) .La réussite du développement des produits industriels a un enjeu économique considérable pour l’entreprise. Les décisions sur les concepts et sur l’architecture du produit ont un impact considérable sur le coût global du cycle de vie du produit. Les industriels sont alors de plus en plus encouragés à adopter des méthodes permettant de rationaliser les décisions de conception. Ces méthodes doivent être en adéquation avec le niveau de connaissance acquis sur les alternatives de conception, la nature des décisions à prendre et les outils d’évaluation disponibles. Ainsi, deux méthodes d’aide à la décision ont été développées dans cette thèse en fonction de la phase de conception étudiée.Une première méthode est proposée pour la phase amont de conception dans laquelle l’objectif de l’entreprise est de réduire le nombre de concepts proposés initialement pour concentrer ses efforts et ses ressources sur les concepts les plus prometteurs. Durant cette phase, les produits sont définis d’une manière très imprécise. Les concepteurs doivent alors faire beaucoup d'hypothèses lorsqu’ils proposent des modèles de comportement destinés à évaluer les concepts. Ces modèles, qui expriment une connaissance de nature explicite, sont insuffisants pour faire des choix de concepts. Pour remédier à cette difficulté, nous nous orientons dans notre étude vers la connaissance implicite (ou subjective), obtenue au travers de l'expérience et du savoir-faire acquis par les concepteurs. Afin d’intégrer cette connaissance dans la prise de décision, elle est d’abord formalisée au travers d’outils comme les fonctions de préférence. La méthode globale d’aide à la décision proposé permet de combiner à la fois cette connaissance implicite et la connaissance explicite (représentée par les modèles de comportement) pour évaluer chaque concept en termes d’aptitude à respecter les exigences minimales de validation et du niveau d’adéquation avec les objectifs de conception. Les objectifs et préférences des décideurs sont, quant à eux, structurés et formalisés au travers du modèle OIA (Observation-Interprétation-Agrégation) développé auparavant dans le laboratoire I2M-IMC.Une deuxième méthode a été proposée pour la phase aval de conception qui a pour objectif de fixer les paramètres du produit final (choix des matériaux, dimensions, etc.) après que le concept ait été choisi. Durant cette phase, le produit est défini d’une manière plus précise et les modèles de comportement sont plus représentatifs des phénomènes physiques pertinents du concept étudié. Ces modèles restent cependant basés sur des hypothèses qui conduisent parfois à une remise en question de leur exactitude, surtout pour certains paramètres de conception. Fixer les paramètres du produit en se basant uniquement sur ces modèles de comportement nécessite la prise en compte de leur niveau exactitude. Nous avons donc développé un indicateur d’exactitude de ces modèles qui intègre, d’une part, une évaluation objective qui est la mesure d’écart entre le modèle et un comportement de référence (supposé exact) et, d’autre part, sur une évaluation subjectif qui se base sur la mesure de distance avec la solution de référence (solution prototypée) et sur des fonctions de confiances établies par les concepteurs. La combinaison d’une évaluation objective et subjective de l’exactitude permet d’obtenir à la fin un indicateur général d’exactitude capable de couvrir l’intégralité de l’espace de conception. L’indicateur ainsi obtenu est utilisé dans une méthode d’aide à la décision qui qualifie chaque solution candidate en terme de risque engendré par les l’exactitude des modèles et de degré de satisfaction des objectifs de conception (en se basant la modèle OIA)

Set-Based Prototyping in the Context of the Configurable Virtual Product: The Construction of the Learning Value Streams (LVS) Model

RÉSUMÉ La présente thèse de doctorat est le résultat de sept années de recherche intervention dans les domaines de la conception et du développement de produits suivant le paradigme lean en aérospatial. Cette recherche action est motivée par la nécessité de développer les connaissances ainsi que les outils appropriés pour le développement de produits suivant l’approche lean (LPD pour Lean Product Development) et en particulier celle de l’ « ingénierie concourante fondée sur les options de conception » (SBCE pour Set-Based Concurrent Engineering) en aérospatial. Une telle nécessité se justifie par les facteurs socioéconomiques du 21ème siècle qui imposent des approches de conception et développement toujours plus robustes, résilientes, réactives, flexibles, innovantes et adaptables face aux fluctuations du marché et à la demande des consommateurs qui évolue rapidement, ceci afin de permettre aux compagnies de demeurer compétitives. L’objectif principal de la recherche, au vue de tels impératifs, est d’identifier, pour ensuite développer et intégrer dans un modèle holistique, les aspects, les caractéristiques et les catalyseurs essentiels des approches LPD et SBCE appliquées à l’industrie aérospatiale de façon à supporter l’implémentation à grande échelle de telles approches, et ce, dans une optique sousjacente de gestion de cycle de vie du produit (PLM pour Product Lifecycle Management). La planification et l’exécution du projet de recherche sont réalisées en respectant une méthodologie éprouvée en conception (DRM pour Design Research Methodology) afin de focaliser les résultats sur l’avancement des connaissances et de la pratique du LPD et SBCE en tant qu’approches de conception. La recherche apporte en conséquence des contributions majeures à ces champs d’étude tout en prescrivant une méthodologie de transformation des processus et outils de développement de produits dans l’industrie par le biais de l’implémentation du modèle de « chaines de valeur apprenantes » (LVS pour Learning Value Streams). Plus en détails, les contributions aux avancées scientifiques et pratiques dans le domaine vont comme suit : (1) La proposition d’un nouveau cadre d’analyse de la littérature SBCE, ainsi qu’une méthodologie de revue systématique fondée sur des données probantes; (2) L’avancement des connaissances théoriques et pratiques du LPD et SBCE des aspects les plus généraux aux plus significatifs; (3) L’avancement des connaissances théoriques et pratiques sur la modélisation et les structures de produit requises dans une optique de gestion de cycle de vie du produit----------ABSTRACT The work reported in this thesis is the result of seven years of participatory action research in the field of Lean Product Development (LPD) in aerospace engineering. This research is motivated by the necessity to develop understanding and support for practical implementations of lean product development and especially Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) in industry. Such necessity is justified by 21st century compelling socioeconomic factors that demand robust, resilient, responsive, flexible, innovative, adaptable and lean product development processes in order for companies to stay competitive in rapidly changing markets. The main purpose of the research is to identify and develop the essential SBCE and LPD aspects, characteristics, features and catalysts as they relate to aerospace large-scale industrial product development in order to form a holistic model that can support practical implementations of LPD in industry from a product lifecycle perspective. A design research methodology (DRM) is used for planning and executing the design research project while ensuring that focus is placed on achieving progress with regards to understanding and implementation of SBCE and LPD as Design practices. As a result, this thesis work provides substantial contribution to understanding of LPD and SBCE and furthermore, entails valuable proposal for the practice in industry through the CCS model and the construction of the Learning Value Streams (LVS) model. Major contributions to the advancement of scientific knowledge and practice in the fields are as follows: (1) The proposal of a new SBCE dual analysis framework combined with an evidence-based systematic review methodology; (2) The advancement of theoretical and practical understanding of LPD and SBCE from the larger to the most significant aspects; (3) The advancement of theoretical and practical understanding of product models and product structure progression requirements for lean product lifecycle management; (4) the proposal of a new methodology, including new as-tested structure to support cross-collaboration during prototyping and testing in lifecycle management contexts; (5) The proposal of a new existential domain alongside the functional, technological and physical domains in order to address the lack of product modelling constructs and methodology when it comes to service or as-tested configurations, hardware testing transactions and prototype information tracking on the basis o