Machine learning based anomaly detection for industry 4.0 systems.

223 p.This thesis studies anomaly detection in industrial systems using technologies from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), such as the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, 3D Printing, and Augmented Reality. The goal is to provide tools that can be used in real-world scenarios to detect system anomalies, intending to improve production and maintenance processes. The thesis investigates the applicability and implementation of 4IR technology architectures, AI-driven machine learning systems, and advanced visualization tools to support decision-making based on the detection of anomalies. The work covers a range of topics, including the conception of a 4IR system based on a generic architecture, the design of a data acquisition system for analysis and modelling, the creation of ensemble supervised and semi-supervised models for anomaly detection, the detection of anomalies through frequency analysis, and the visualization of associated data using Visual Analytics. The results show that the proposed methodology for integrating anomaly detection systems in new or existing industries is valid and that combining 4IR architectures, ensemble machine learning models, and Visual Analytics tools significantly enhances theanomaly detection processes for industrial systems. Furthermore, the thesis presents a guiding framework for data engineers and end-users

Holistic Occupational Therapy Dining Interventions Supporting Individuals with Dementia in Skilled Nursing Facilities

The purpose of this project is to provide occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) with a Holistic Occupational Therapy Dementia Dining Toolkit to enhance the dining experience in the SNF setting for individuals in all stages of dementia. Dementia is a prevalent condition seen in skilled nursing facilities (SNF) that is expected to continue to rise; in 2016, 47.8 percent of individuals living in a SNF had a diagnosis of dementia (Center of Disease Control, 2020). Dining experiences for individuals with dementia (IwD) are impacted by an individual’s cognition, physical, environmental, and psychosocial factors. Additionally, the task oriented and structured approach to the provision of care and often noisy, crowded communal dining in SNFs contribute to challenges associated with facilitating an individualized dining experience (Milte et al., 2017). Despite the ability of OTPs to improve the occupational performance of IwD in important activities of daily living, like dining, occupational therapy services provided and billed in SNFs are heavily focused on therapeutic exercise and therapeutic activity (Rafeedie et al., 2018). Expanding the focus of current dining related interventions in clinical practice can be accomplished by providing additional resources and programming to OTPs. Implementing holistic interventions that facilitate participation in feeding, one of the longest remaining abilities of IwD, affords OTPs the opportunity to actively expand and transform their current practice patterns, and subsequently the culture at SNFs (Rafeedie et al., 2018). To address this gap in practice, this project culminated in the creation and dissemination of an evidence-based, Holistic Occupational Therapy Dementia Dining Toolkit that empowers OTPs to effectively use their full scope of practice in order to enhance the dining experience of IwD in SNFs

ACCESO in Honduras: Mitigation co-benefits of perennial crop expansion, soil management, and livestock improvements

The agricultural development project ACCESO reduced greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and led to net carbon sequestration due to perennial crop expansion. Increased fertilizer use was a moderate source of emissions that was more than offset by reduced emissions from other ACCESOsupported practices, including improvements in soil, water, and fertilizer management, and in feed and grassland use by dairy cows. Compared to conventional practices, ACCESOsupported activities reduced emission intensity (GHG emissions per kilogram of output) for carrots (-106%), cabbages (-99%), maize (-99%), and potatoes (-98%) compared to conventional production methods. Emission intensity increased due to greater fertilizer use for plantain (55%) and coffee (247%)

Pragmatic economic valuation of adaptation risk and responses across scales in Nicaragua

Nicaragua is particularly vulnerable to climate change due to its geographic, social, economic and environmental conditions. Increased temperature, fluctuation of precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise pose significant impacts for agricultural productivity, water resources availability and the risk of extreme disaster. Consequently, some crops may lose their suitability in current growing areas. This study provides a vulnerability assessment based on the results for exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, and includes present and projected future climatic conditions and hazards, crop suitability analyses and socio-economic assessments at a district scale. In addition, a case study is presented in three municipalities: Waslala, Rancho Grande and El Cuá, focusing on coffee and cocoa systems, which are essential to the Nicaraguan rural economy, where there has been a significant reduction in climate suitability. The case study shows opportunities, economic trade-offs and barriers of the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices for adaptation to progressive climate change

Stakeholders’ perceptions of factors influencing climate change risk in a Central America hotspot

Acknowledgements We are extremely grateful to all participants in the study, especially Mancomunidad Nororiente and the Mancomunidad Metrópoli de los Altos, represented by their managers, Álvaro Olavarrueth and Luis Ochoa, respectively, and their technical staff. We are also extremely grateful to Edmundo Vasquez for his crucial support with the logistics of the study and for his wise insights about the socio-economic and political situation of Guatemala and very interesting discussions during fieldwork. Funding The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NE/N005619/1, has funded this research. Open access via UoA Springer compact agreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD