112,889 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
A radiocarbon database for Scottish archaeological samples
For the majority of dating laboratories and their respective user communities, the journal Radiocarbon is no longer regarded as the medium for primary publication of radiocarbon measurements. In compliance with editorial policy, the emphasis has long since moved towards the publication of research papers on technological enhancements and applications of C-14 as well as other cosmogenic isotopes and this has left a requirement for an alternative medium for the publication of date lists per se.In the late 1980s, an International Radiocarbon Data Base was proposed by Renee Kra (then the managing editor) but limitations in computer and communications technologies together with the inevitable financial implications meant that this timely concept could not be taken to completion. In the last year, we have taken advantage of the development of the worldwide web to compile a database of C-14 age measurements of a Scottish archaeological nature which can be found at the web address http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/
The Coarse Geometry of Merger Trees in \Lambda CDM
We introduce the contour process to describe the geometrical properties of
merger trees. The contour process produces a one-dimensional object, the
contour walk, which is a translation of the merger tree. We portray the contour
walk through its length and action. The length is proportional to to the number
of progenitors in the tree, and the action can be interpreted as a proxy of the
mean length of a branch in a merger tree.
We obtain the contour walk for merger trees extracted from the public
database of the Millennium Run and also for merger trees constructed with a
public Monte-Carlo code which implements a Markovian algorithm. The trees
correspond to halos of final masses between 10^{11} h^{-1} M_sol and 10^{14}
h^{-1} M_sol. We study how the length and action of the walks evolve with the
mass of the final halo. In all the cases, except for the action measured from
Markovian trees, we find a transitional scale around 3 \times 10^{12} h^{-1}
M_sol. As a general trend the length and action measured from the Markovian
trees show a large scatter in comparison with the case of the Millennium Run
trees.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRA
Intellectual Property Research: From the Dustiest Law Book to the Most Far off Database
This issue of IDEA introduces a regular series of articles on intellectual property research tools and strategies based on my experience for over a decade as Intellectual Property Librarian and Research Professor at Franklin Pierce Law Center. Pierce Law is consistently ranked among the top law schools training IP professionals. I have taught IP legal research, patent, trademark and copyright searching to hundreds of students and IP professionals in Pierce Law Graduate Programs. I have tackled hundreds of reference and research questions as well as working on countless projects requiring IP information. So I have been faced with challenges and changes common to consumers of IP information. What are the types of data IP researchers seek? What are the options for access to such data? How do we evaluate the access points? What is the value added to our information access choices?
The mission of this series is to present tools and strategies and answers some of these consumer questions within evaluative frameworks appropriate to the tools under consideration. Each information acquisition choice is made on a moment-by-moment basis subject to the press of business. Choices are made by the totality of the circumstances. Pressures and factors such as time and money often drive information consumption and will be acknowledged and addressed in the series.
Despite the intense growth of IP as a legal specialty, the widespread focus on IP in other disciplines outside the law and the increasing use of non-legal data such as patent statistical indicators, little has been written on IP research. There are no dedicated treatises or periodicals on IP legal research. There are no comprehensive treatises on patent, trademark or copyright searching. The intent of this series is not scholarship and footnotes. The intent is to provide some helpful tools and strategies to those performing IP research on the spectrum from law to facts. So, the phrase IP research in this introduction, unless otherwise specified, refers to the acquisition all types of IP information by the full range of consumers
The Millennium Run Observatory: First Light
Simulations of galaxy evolution aim to capture our current understanding as
well as to make predictions for testing by future experiments. Simulations and
observations are often compared in an indirect fashion: physical quantities are
estimated from the data and compared to models. However, many applications can
benefit from a more direct approach, where the observing process is also
simulated and the models are seen fully from the observer's perspective. To
facilitate this, we have developed the Millennium Run Observatory (MRObs), a
theoretical virtual observatory which uses virtual telescopes to `observe'
semi-analytic galaxy formation models based on the suite of Millennium Run dark
matter simulations. The MRObs produces data that can be processed and analyzed
using the standard software packages developed for real observations. At
present, we produce images in forty filters from the rest-frame UV to IR for
two stellar population synthesis models, three different models of IGM
absorption, and two cosmologies (WMAP1/7). Galaxy distributions for a large
number of mock lightcones can be `observed' using models of major ground- and
space-based telescopes. The data include lightcone catalogues linked to
structural properties of galaxies, pre-observation model images, mock telescope
images, and Source Extractor products that can all be traced back to the higher
level dark matter, semi-analytic galaxy, and lightcone catalogues available in
the Millennium database. Here, we describe our methods and announce a first
public release of simulated surveys (e.g., SDSS, CFHT-LS, GOODS, GOODS/ERS,
CANDELS, and HUDF). The MRObs browser, an online tool, further facilitates
exploration of the simulated data. We demonstrate the benefits of a direct
approach through a number of example applications (galaxy number counts in
CANDELS, clusters, morphologies, and dropout selections).Comment: MNRAS, in press. Millennium Run Observatory data products, online
tools, and more available through http://galformod.mpa-garching.mpg.de/mrobs
The MultiDark Database: Release of the Bolshoi and MultiDark Cosmological Simulations
We present the online MultiDark Database -- a Virtual Observatory-oriented,
relational database for hosting various cosmological simulations. The data is
accessible via an SQL (Structured Query Language) query interface, which also
allows users to directly pose scientific questions, as shown in a number of
examples in this paper. Further examples for the usage of the database are
given in its extensive online documentation (www.multidark.org). The database
is based on the same technology as the Millennium Database, a fact that will
greatly facilitate the usage of both suites of cosmological simulations. The
first release of the MultiDark Database hosts two 8.6 billion particle
cosmological N-body simulations: the Bolshoi (250/h Mpc simulation box, 1/h kpc
resolution) and MultiDark Run1 simulation (MDR1, or BigBolshoi, 1000/h Mpc
simulation box, 7/h kpc resolution). The extraction methods for halos/subhalos
from the raw simulation data, and how this data is structured in the database
are explained in this paper. With the first data release, users get full access
to halo/subhalo catalogs, various profiles of the halos at redshifts z=0-15,
and raw dark matter data for one time-step of the Bolshoi and four time-steps
of the MultiDark simulation. Later releases will also include galaxy mock
catalogs and additional merging trees for both simulations as well as new large
volume simulations with high resolution. This project is further proof of the
viability to store and present complex data using relational database
technology. We encourage other simulators to publish their results in a similar
manner.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, submitted to New Astronom
The emergence of commercial genomics: analysis of the rise of a biotechnology subsector during the Human Genome Project, 1990 to 2004.
BackgroundDevelopment of the commercial genomics sector within the biotechnology industry relied heavily on the scientific commons, public funding, and technology transfer between academic and industrial research. This study tracks financial and intellectual property data on genomics firms from 1990 through 2004, thus following these firms as they emerged in the era of the Human Genome Project and through the 2000 to 2001 market bubble.MethodsA database was created based on an early survey of genomics firms, which was expanded using three web-based biotechnology services, scientific journals, and biotechnology trade and technical publications. Financial data for publicly traded firms was collected through the use of four databases specializing in firm financials. Patent searches were conducted using firm names in the US Patent and Trademark Office website search engine and the DNA Patent Database.ResultsA biotechnology subsector of genomics firms emerged in parallel to the publicly funded Human Genome Project. Trends among top firms show that hiring, capital improvement, and research and development expenditures continued to grow after a 2000 to 2001 bubble. The majority of firms are small businesses with great diversity in type of research and development, products, and services provided. Over half the public firms holding patents have the majority of their intellectual property portfolio in DNA-based patents.ConclusionsThese data allow estimates of investment, research and development expenditures, and jobs that paralleled the rise of genomics as a sector within biotechnology between 1990 and 2004
- …