A low-cost time-hopping impulse radio system for high data rate transmission

We present an efficient, low-cost implementation of time-hopping impulse radio that fulfills the spectral mask mandated by the FCC and is suitable for high-data-rate, short-range communications. Key features are: (i) all-baseband implementation that obviates the need for passband components, (ii) symbol-rate (not chip rate) sampling, A/D conversion, and digital signal processing, (iii) fast acquisition due to novel search algorithms, (iv) spectral shaping that can be adapted to accommodate different spectrum regulations and interference environments. Computer simulations show that this system can provide 110Mbit/s at 7-10m distance, as well as higher data rates at shorter distances under FCC emissions limits. Due to the spreading concept of time-hopping impulse radio, the system can sustain multiple simultaneous users, and can suppress narrowband interference effectively.Comment: To appear in EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing (Special Issue on UWB - State of the Art

Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems using Repetitive Patterns

This paper deals with Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation for OFDM systems using repetitive patterns in the training symbol. A theoretical comparison based on Cramer Rao Bounds (CRB) for two kinds of CFO estimation methods has been presented in this paper. Through the comparison, it is shown that the performance of CFO estimation can be improved by exploiting the repetition property and the exact training symbol rather than exploiting the repetition property only. The selection of Q (number of repetition patterns) is discussed for both situations as well. Moreover, for exploiting the repetition and the exact training symbol, a new numerical procedure for the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) estimation is designed in this paper to save computational complexity. Analysis and numerical result are also given, demonstrating the conclusions in this paper

Optimum receiver design for broadband Doppler compensation in multipath/Doppler channels with rational orthogonal wavelet signaling

Copyright © 2007 IEEEIn this paper, we address the issue of signal transmission and Doppler compensation in multipath/Doppler channels. Based on a wavelet-based broadband Doppler compensation structure, this paper presents the design and performance characterization of optimum receivers for this class of communication systems. The wavelet-based Doppler compensation structure takes account of the coexistence of multiple Doppler scales in a multipath/Doppler channel and captures the information carried by multiple scaled replicas of the transmitted signal rather than an estimation of an average Doppler as in conventional Doppler compensation schemes. The transmitted signal is recovered by the perfect reconstruction (PR) wavelet analysis filter bank (FB). We demonstrate that with rational orthogonal wavelet signaling, the proposed communication structure corresponds to a Lth-order diversity system, where L is the number of dominant transmission paths. Two receiver designs for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signal transmission are presented. Both receiver designs are optimal under the maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion for diversity combination and symbol detection. Good performance is achieved for both receivers in combating the Doppler effect and intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath while mitigating the channel noise. In particular, the second receiver design overcomes symbol timing sensitivities present in the first design at reasonable cost to performance.Limin Yu and Langford B. Whit

Waveform-independent frame-timing acquisition for UWB signals

In this paper, the problem of frame-level symbol timing acquisition for UWB signals is addressed. The main goal is the derivation of a frame-level timing estimator which does not require any prior knowledge of neither the transmitted symbols nor the received template waveform. The independence with respect to the received waveform is of special interest in UWB communication systems, where a fast and accurate estimation of the end-to-end channel response is a challenging and computationally demanding task. The proposed estimator is derived under the unconditional maximum likelihood criterion, and because of the low power of UWB signals, the low-SNR assumption is adopted. As a result, an optimal frame-level timing estimator is derived which outperforms existing acquisition methods in low-SNR scenarios.Peer Reviewe

DNA-Liposome Hybrid Carriers for Triggered Cargo Release

The design of simple and versatile synthetic routes to accomplish triggered-release properties in carriers is of particular interest for drug delivery purposes. In this context, the programmability and adaptability of DNA nanoarchitectures in combination with liposomes have great potential to render biocompatible hybrid carriers for triggered cargo release. We present an approach to form a DNA mesh on large unilamellar liposomes incorporating a stimuli-responsive DNA building block. Upon incubation with a single-stranded DNA trigger sequence, a hairpin closes, and the DNA building block is allowed to self-contract. We demonstrate the actuation of this building block by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and fluorescence quenching measurements. By triggering this process, we demonstrate the elevated release of the dye calcein from the DNA-liposome hybrid carriers. Interestingly, the incubation of the doxorubicin-laden active hybrid carrier with HEK293T cells suggests increased cytotoxicity relative to a control carrier without the triggered-release mechanism. In the future, the trigger could be provided by peritumoral nucleic acid sequences and lead to site-selective release of encapsulated chemotherapeutics. © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Synchronisation, détection et égalisation de modulation à phase continue dans des canaux sélectifs en temps et en fréquence

Si les drones militaires connaissent un développement important depuis une quinzaine d’année, suivi depuis quelques années par les drones civiles dont les usages ne font que se multiplier, en réalité les drones ont un siècle avec le premier vol d’un avion équipé d’un système de pilotage automatique sur une centaine de kilomètre en 1918. La question des règles d’usage des drones civiles sont en cours de développement malgré leur multiplication pour des usages allant de l’agriculture, à l’observation en passant par la livraison de colis. Ainsi, leur intégration dans l’espace aérien reste un enjeu important, ainsi que les standards de communication avec ces drones dans laquelle s’inscrit cette thèse. Cette thèse vise en effet à étudier et proposer des solutions pour les liens de communications des drones par satellite.L’intégration de ce lien de communication permet d’assurer la fiabilité des communications et particulièrement du lien de Commande et Contrôle partout dans le monde, en s’affranchissant des contraintes d’un réseau terrestre (comme les zones blanches). En raison de la rareté des ressources fréquentielles déjà allouées pour les futurs systèmes intégrant des drones, l’efficacité spectrale devient un paramètre important pour leur déploiement à grande échelle et le contexte spatiale demande l’utilisation d’un système de communication robuste aux non-linéarités. Les Modulations à Phase Continue permettent de répondre à ces problématiques. Cependant, ces dernières sont des modulations non-linéaire à mémoire entraînant une augmentation de la complexité des récepteurs. Du fait de la présence d’un canal multi-trajet (canal aéronautique par satellite), le principal objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des algorithmes d’égalisation (dans le domaine fréquentiel pour réduire leur complexité) et de synchronisation pour CPM adaptés à ce concept tout en essayant de proposer une complexité calculatoire raisonnable. Dans un premier temps, nous avons considéré uniquement des canaux sélectifs en fréquence et avons étudier les différents égaliseurs de la littérature. En étudiant leur similitudes et différences, nous avons pu développer un égaliseur dans le domaine fréquentiel qui proposant les mêmes performances a une complexité moindre. Nous proposons également des méthodes d’estimation canal et une méthode d’estimation conjointe du canal et de la fréquence porteuse. Dans un second temps nous avons montré comment étendre ces méthodes à des canaux sélectifs en temps et fréquence permettant ainsi de conserver une complexité calculatoire raisonnable

Fault-tolerant building-block computer study

Ultra-reliable core computers are required for improving the reliability of complex military systems. Such computers can provide reliable fault diagnosis, failure circumvention, and, in some cases serve as an automated repairman for their host systems. A small set of building-block circuits which can be implemented as single very large integration devices, and which can be used with off-the-shelf microprocessors and memories to build self checking computer modules (SCCM) is described. Each SCCM is a microcomputer which is capable of detecting its own faults during normal operation and is described to communicate with other identical modules over one or more Mil Standard 1553A buses. Several SCCMs can be connected into a network with backup spares to provide fault-tolerant operation, i.e. automated recovery from faults. Alternative fault-tolerant SCCM configurations are discussed along with the cost and reliability associated with their implementation