我が国の診断群分類導入にかかるICDコーディング精度とその課題

川崎医療福祉大学平成30年

社会変化と敬語行動の標準

In this report on sociolinguistic survey research, we investigated the connection between the social changes in Japan after World War II and the changes in honorifics which occurred during these changes. This research proceeded from two different perspectives. The first, described in Chapters 2 and 3, was a macroscopic point of view. We examined the changes in standards for honorific behavior and traced these back through changes in Japanese social structure and social ties during the 40 years since the war. The second, described in Chapters 4 through 6, consisted of research from a microscopic point of view. In these chapters we described the present situation of and changes in life style and life awareness of regional citizens and in honorific awareness and usage, and contrasted these results with a previous survey conducted before the war in the 2 regional societies, Kita Akita-gun, Kamikoani-mura in Akita Prefecture, and Higasi Tonami-gun, Kamitaira-mura in Toyama Prefecture. We reconstructed events related to urbanization, changes in industrial structure, and the shift in generations, and based our analysis on a statistical analysis of these data from a sociological point of view. We described changes in social relationships from SIN ‘familiarity\u27 to SO ‘distance\u27 as reflected in the honorific behavior amidst these sociological changes (for example, a change from consideration of KAKAKU ‘family background\u27 to greater consideration of age).Chapter 1. Outline of the Study (WATANABE)Chapter 2. Macroscopic Survey of Changes in the Social Structure and Honorific Behavior in Postwar Japan (WATANABE)Chapter 3. History and Present Conditions of Honorific Expressions in Reference to the Imperial Family in Newspaper Articles (WATANABE)Chapter 4. Social Changes and Standards for Honorific Behavior in a Northern Rural Village of Akita Prefecture (WATANABE, MOTIZUKI)Chapter 5. Social Changes and Standards for Honorific Behavior in the Mountain Village of Ettyû Gokayama (WATANABE, SANADA, SUGITO)Chapter 6. Linguistic Life and Attitudes towards Language of Children in a Northern Rural Village of Akita Prefecture (MOTIZUKI, WATANABE)The writing of this report was directed by WATANABE Tomosuke, SUGITO Seizyu, MOTIZUKI Sigenobu and SANADA Sinzi

第52次日本南極地域観測隊報告

情報・システム研究機構国立極地研究

SURVEY OF THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF URINARY CYTOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH UROLOGICAL DISEASES

Since Papanicolaou's first report in 1945, urinary cytodiagnosis has been highly evaluated as one of the diagnostic aids of the urinary tract tumors. Clinical application of this method has been naturally limited to the tumors of urothelial origin, but some investigators advocated its usefulness even in renal cell carcinoma and prostatic cancer. Besides, its role in the screening of occupational bladder cancer and in the postoperative follow-up examination of the urinary tract tumors have been mentioned. The author performed cytologic study of urine in 166 patients hospitalized in Urology Department in order to investigate incidence of the pseudonegatives in the tumor group and of the pseudopositives in the non-tumor group. In bladder tumor cases, cytological findings were correlatively studied with duration of symptoms, size and shape of tumor surface, location of tumor, histological malignancy and frequency of cytodiagnosis. Since Papanicolaou's report, over-all pseudopositive rate is 11.1 %, namely diagnostic accuracy being 98.9 %, in the non-tumorous diseases; whereas pseudonegative rate is 33 %, diagnostic accuracy being 67 %, in the tumorous diseases. Cytological diagnosis was made on the early morning urine samples of three consequtive days. The patients consisted of 16 non-tumorous (69 %) and 7 tumorous diseases (31 %). Pseudopositive rate was only 0.3 %. It was a case of essential renal hematuria. Nineteen of 29 bladder tumors showed positive cytodiagnosis (66 %). Duration of symptoms had nothing to do with the positive rate. Large tumor, sessile tumor, infiltrative tumor, or tumor with necrotic surface gave high incidence of positive cytodiagnosis. Grading of malignancy correlated well with incidence of positive findings. As to location, tumors at the dome or lateral wall showed the higher positive rate than those around the ureteral orifices. Of course, the more extensive was the tumor, the higher rate of positive cytology was noticed. Out of the tumor group, 40 % was positive on all the occasions, 60 % more than twice, and 66 % at least once. Tumors of the renal pelvis and the ureter always showed high frequency of the positive. Value of cytodiagnosis in these two neoplasms was definitely demonstrated. No malignant cells in urine could be detected in renal cell tumor, testicular tumor, and penile cancer. This was the same in carcinoma of the prostate even after the massage. As conclusion, cytodiagnosis of urine is useful especially in the urinary tract tumors located in the areas beyond the reach of cystoscope, namely in the renal pelvis, ureter and diverticulum of the bladder. It is also applicable as one of the postoperative follow-up methods of the urinary tract tumors

『秘蔵宝鑰』の研究ー構造と言語表現の視座からー

大正大学2020年