Cutting Bamboo down to Size

This paper studies the problem of programming a robotic panda gardener to keep a bamboo garden from obstructing the view of the lake by your house. The garden consists of n bamboo stalks with known daily growth rates and the gardener can cut at most one bamboo per day. As a computer scientist, you found out that this problem has already been formalized in [G?sieniec et al., SOFSEM\u2717] as the Bamboo Garden Trimming (BGT) problem, where the goal is that of computing a perpetual schedule (i.e., the sequence of bamboos to cut) for the robotic gardener to follow in order to minimize the makespan, i.e., the maximum height ever reached by a bamboo. Two natural strategies are Reduce-Max and Reduce-Fastest(x). Reduce-Max trims the tallest bamboo of the day, while Reduce-Fastest(x) trims the fastest growing bamboo among the ones that are taller than x. It is known that Reduce-Max and Reduce-Fastest(x) achieve a makespan of O(log n) and 4 for the best choice of x = 2, respectively. We prove the first constant upper bound of 9 for Reduce-Max and improve the one for Reduce-Fastest(x) to (3+?5)/2 < 2.62 for x = 1+1/?5. Another critical aspect stems from the fact that your robotic gardener has a limited amount of processing power and memory. It is then important for the algorithm to be able to quickly determine the next bamboo to cut while requiring at most linear space. We formalize this aspect as the problem of designing a Trimming Oracle data structure, and we provide three efficient Trimming Oracles implementing different perpetual schedules, including those produced by Reduce-Max and Reduce-Fastest(x)

Chapter 2. Jungle Shows Thailand

The impromptu entertainment that took place during the early railway construction in Thailand soon developed into organized concert party troupes staging simple variety shows with rudimentary costumes and settings. But the widespread starvation, brutality, and death that occurred during “the Speedo Period” stymied any further activities.https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/thdabooks/1004/thumbnail.jp

Emic and Ethic Knowledge of Bamboo’s Characteristic in Process of Making Angklung

Bamboo as raw material of angklung has not received special attention yet, whereas the quality of angklung will be highly influenced by the quality of bamboo as its main material. Only bamboo with certain character can produce angklung with the quality of good sound and proper tone. Unfortunately the knowledge of the local community regarding the characteristics of bamboo is still qualitative hence that the process of knowledge inheritance was obstructed. Therefore in this research, society knowledge (emic knowledge) will be translated scientifically in order to obtain the quantitative data of bamboo characteristic for angklung. The methods used was a qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The emic data was collected with deep interview with the selected informants in purposive. The key informant on this research was the owner of Bale Angklung Bandung. Quantifying emic data was conducting by the measurement and laboratory test of physical properties (the water content), chemical properties (the concentration of sugar reducing/Luff Schoorl) and anatomy (the density of vascular bundles). The measurement aimed to determine the reed diameter, the minimum length of internode, the physical condition of drying, the reed uprightness, the reed roundness, and the depreciation. The result showed that the scope of local knowledge regarding making angklung was varying. Not all of the craftsmen understood the steps and the characteristics of bamboo that used in the main material selection process. Some of bamboo characteristic for angklung could be quantifying, including the chosen bamboo which having 44 cm of minimum length, the reed uprightness was 45-90˚ above the ground, and the circles reed round with the maximum diameter change tolerate outside the reed is 0,15 cm. But there are still many more local knowledge that could not be construed scientifically so it needs further excavation. In main material selection process, the most treatment and bamboo characteristic selection was conducted to gather bamboo in the low water and sugar level at average 7.5% and 0.54%. The low water level will prevent the reed shrinks after drying process. After drying, the bamboo will be compact with the average of density vascular bundles is 142.63 number/mm

Homestead forestry and rural development : a socio-empirical study of Bangladesh : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, New Zealand

This thesis is concerned with the role of homestead forests in the development of poor, labour surplus economies. The term 'homestead forest' refers to the collection of vegetation - trees, plants, herbs, creepers and others - which almost all rural households in Bangladesh grow, for their own use as well as for sale, using the land in and around their homesteads and dwellings. The term 'development' encompasses economic, social, cultural and ecological aspects of countries. The thesis therefore examines the role of homestead forests in this wider context. It starts by reviewing the existing theoretical literature on development drawing on the works of sociologists, social anthropologists, development economists, geographers and others. It argues that many of the theories do not fit the particular conditions of the very poor agriculture-dependent economies such as Bangladesh. This study therefore advances the hypotheses that of 'non-conventional' approaches involving the development of the resources of homestead forests in the rural areas would go a long way towards assisting the poor, landless masses of Bangladesh. An extensive survey of the many and varied uses of homestead forests is undertaken to support these hypotheses on the basis of direct observation and experience. To give further content to the hypotheses, village surveys were undertaken in carefully selected areas of Bangladesh. With the help of scientifically formulated questionnaires the situation of the rural people of the selected villages was examined. This helped to identify the many causes of poverty and helplessness among the rural poor. The methods of survival were also focused on in these surveys of the rural people. It became clear that homestead forests play a major role in the lives and livelihoods of the rural people. The question why the large scale forestry development programmes did not help the rural poor also figured in this investigation. It was found that the large scale commercial types of forests deny access to the majority of the rural people, while homestead forests, being directly owned and controlled by the people, provide them with much needed support. It is true that such support, however valuable, is still inadequate. It is also unevenly distributed among the rural people. The survey therefore looked at the distributional aspects of homestead forestry resources within the survey villages. The findings confirm the need to strengthen this valuable resource base in rural Bangladesh if widespread poverty, and its inevitable concomitant, social and political unrest and instability are to be attacked. The study ends with a number of recommendations to make the changes necessary for more efficient utilization of the homestead forestry resources for the benefit directly of the poor and, indirectly, the rest of society as well

On Khovanov's cobordism theory for su(3) knot homology

We reconsider the su(3) link homology theory defined by Khovanov in math.QA/0304375 and generalized by Mackaay and Vaz in math.GT/0603307. With some slight modifications, we describe the theory as a map from the planar algebra of tangles to a planar algebra of (complexes of) `cobordisms with seams' (actually, a `canopolis'), making it local in the sense of Bar-Natan's local su(2) theory of math.GT/0410495. We show that this `seamed cobordism canopolis' decategorifies to give precisely what you'd both hope for and expect: Kuperberg's su(3) spider defined in q-alg/9712003. We conjecture an answer to an even more interesting question about the decategorification of the Karoubi envelope of our cobordism theory. Finally, we describe how the theory is actually completely computable, and give a detailed calculation of the su(3) homology of the (2,n) torus knots.Comment: 49 page

Kingmaker Footwear (Timberland Made in China)

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.CLW_Kingmaker_Footwear_2004.pdf: 452 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Living in Asia: the Dutch Settlement in the Seventeenth Century of Malacca and Ayutthaya

Sebagai akibat dari ekspansi besar VOC (Persekutuan Dagang Hindia Timur) di Asia administrasi Perusahaan multinasional pertama di dunia itu berkembang luar biasa. Oleh karena itu perlu USAha untuk mengakomodasi pemukiman bagi orang-orang Belanda yang terlibat dalam kegiatan perdagangan yang dilakukan VOC. Pada saat itu, dengan perjalanan panjang dari Belanda ke Asia yang membutuhkan waktu lebih dari setengah tahun mereka harus berjuang menghadapi iklim ekstrim yang berbeda dari iklim di negerinya serta tantangan lainnya selama tinggal di Asia yang kebanyakan wilayahnya beriklim tropis. Dengan demikian, strategi bertahan diperlukan untuk mengatasi situasi ini. Tujuan penulisan artikel adalah untuk membandingkan pemukiman pegawai VOC di dua kota pelabuhan penting di Asia Tenggara pada masa itu, yakni Malaka dan Ayutthaya berdasarkan bentuk fisik dan pengaturan administrasinya. Abad ke-17 menjadi kerangka waktu karena periode tersebut adalah masa-masa gemilang VOC selama ekspansinya melintasi samudera dan benua. Dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber sekunder artikel ini tidak akan mencoba untuk menemukan sesuatu yang baru, tetapi hanya untuk mendapatkan wawasan lebih mengenai pemukiman VOC di kota-kota pelabuhan di Asia Tenggara. Keywords: VOC, Malacca, Ayutthaya, settlemen