A Relation-Algebraic Approach to L - Fuzzy Topology

Any science deals with the study of certain models of the real world. However, a model is always an abstraction resulting in some uncertainty, which must be considered. The theory of fuzzy sets is one way of formalizing one of the types of uncertainty that occurs when modeling real objects. Fuzzy sets have been applied in various real-world problems such as control system engineering, image processing, and weather forecasting systems. This research focuses on applying the categorical framework of abstract L - fuzzy relations to L-fuzzy topology with ideas, concepts and methods of the theory of L-fuzzy sets. Since L-fuzzy sets were introduced to deal with the problem of approximate reasoning, t − norm based operations are essential in the definition of L - fuzzy topologies. We use the abstract theory of arrow categories with additional t − norm based connectives to define L - fuzzy topologies abstractly. In particular, this thesis will provide an abstract relational definition of an L - fuzzy topology, consider bases of topological spaces, continuous maps, and the first two separation axioms T0 and T1. The resulting theory of L - fuzzy topological spaces provides the foundation for applications and algorithms in areas such as digital topology, i.e., analyzing images using topological features

Object Classification using L-Fuzzy Concept Analysis

Object classification and processing have become a coordinated piece of modern industrial manufacturing systems, generally utilized in a manual or computerized inspection process. Vagueness is a common issue related to object classification and analysis such as the ambiguity in input data, the overlapping boundaries among the classes or regions, and the indefiniteness in defining or extracting features and relations among them. The main purpose of this thesis is to construct, define, and implement an abstract algebraic framework for L-fuzzy relations to represent the uncertainties involved at every stage of the object classification. This is done to handle the proposed vagueness that is found in the process of object classification such as retaining information as much as possible from the original data for making decisions at the highest level making the ultimate output or result of the associated system with least uncertainty

Relational Approach to the L-Fuzzy Concept Analysis

Modern industrial production systems benefit from the classification and processing of objects and their attributes. In general, the object classification procedure can coincide with vagueness. Vagueness is a common problem in object analysis that exists at various stages of classification, including ambiguity in input data, overlapping boundaries between classes or regions, and uncertainty in defining or extracting the properties and relationships of objects. To manage the ambiguity mentioned in the classification of objects, using a framework for L-fuzzy relations, and displaying such uncertainties by it can be a solution. Obtaining the least unreliable and uncertain output associated with the original data is the main concern of this thesis. Therefore, my general approach to this research can be categorized as follows: We developed an L-Fuzzy Concept Analysis as a generalization of a regular Concept Analysis. We start our work by providing the input data. Data is stored in a table (database). The next step is the creation of the contexts and concepts from the given original data using some structures. In the next stage, rules, or patterns (Attribute Implications) from the data will be generated. This includes all rules and a minimal base of rules. All of them are using L-fuzziness due to uncertainty. This requires L-fuzzy relations that will be implemented as L -valued matrices. In the end, everything is nicely packed in a convenient application and implemented in Java programming language. Generally, our approach is done in an algebraic framework that covers both regular and L -Fuzzy FCA, simultaneously. The tables we started with are already L-valued (not crisp) in our implementation. In other words, we work with the L-Fuzzy data directly. This is the idea here. We start with vague data. In simple terms, the data is shown using L -valued tables (vague data) trying to relate objects with their attributes at the start of the implementation. Generating attribute implications from many-valued contexts by a relational theory is the purpose of this thesis, i.e, a range of degrees is used to indicate the relationship between objects and their properties. The smallest degree corresponds to the classical no and the greatest degree corresponds to the classical yes in the table

L-Fuzzy Relations in Coq

Heyting categories, a variant of Dedekind categories, and Arrow categories provide a convenient framework for expressing and reasoning about fuzzy relations and programs based on those methods. In this thesis we present an implementation of Heyting and arrow categories suitable for reasoning and program execution using Coq, an interactive theorem prover based on Higher-Order Logic (HOL) with dependent types. This implementation can be used to specify and develop correct software based on L-fuzzy relations such as fuzzy controllers. We give an overview of lattices, L-fuzzy relations, category theory and dependent type theory before describing our implementation. In addition, we provide examples of program executions based on our framework

An Abstract Algebraic Theory of L-Fuzzy Relations for Relational Databases

Classical relational databases lack proper ways to manage certain real-world situations including imprecise or uncertain data. Fuzzy databases overcome this limitation by allowing each entry in the table to be a fuzzy set where each element of the corresponding domain is assigned a membership degree from the real interval [0…1]. But this fuzzy mechanism becomes inappropriate in modelling scenarios where data might be incomparable. Therefore, we become interested in further generalization of fuzzy database into L-fuzzy database. In such a database, the characteristic function for a fuzzy set maps to an arbitrary complete Brouwerian lattice L. From the query language perspectives, the language of fuzzy database, FSQL extends the regular Structured Query Language (SQL) by adding fuzzy specific constructions. In addition to that, L-fuzzy query language LFSQL introduces appropriate linguistic operations to define and manipulate inexact data in an L-fuzzy database. This research mainly focuses on defining the semantics of LFSQL. However, it requires an abstract algebraic theory which can be used to prove all the properties of, and operations on, L-fuzzy relations. In our study, we show that the theory of arrow categories forms a suitable framework for that. Therefore, we define the semantics of LFSQL in the abstract notion of an arrow category. In addition, we implement the operations of L-fuzzy relations in Haskell and develop a parser that translates algebraic expressions into our implementation

Data mining using L-fuzzy concept analysis.

Association rules in data mining are implications between attributes of objects that hold in all instances of the given data. These rules are very useful to determine the properties of the data such as essential features of products that determine the purchase decisions of customers. Normally the data is given as binary (or crisp) tables relating objects with their attributes by yes-no entries. We propose a relational theory for generating attribute implications from many-valued contexts, i.e, where the relationship between objects and attributes is given by a range of degrees from no to yes. This degree is usually taken from a suitable lattice where the smallest element corresponds to the classical no and the greatest element corresponds to the classical yes. Previous related work handled many-valued contexts by transforming the context by scaling or by choosing a minimal degree of membership to a crisp (yes-no) context. Then the standard methods of formal concept analysis were applied to this crisp context. In our proposal, we will handle a many-valued context as is, i.e., without transforming it into a crisp one. The advantage of this approach is that we work with the original data without performing a transformation step which modifies the data in advance

Topological Foundations of Cognitive Science

A collection of papers presented at the First International Summer Institute in Cognitive Science, University at Buffalo, July 1994, including the following papers: ** Topological Foundations of Cognitive Science, Barry Smith ** The Bounds of Axiomatisation, Graham White ** Rethinking Boundaries, Wojciech Zelaniec ** Sheaf Mereology and Space Cognition, Jean Petitot ** A Mereotopological Definition of 'Point', Carola Eschenbach ** Discreteness, Finiteness, and the Structure of Topological Spaces, Christopher Habel ** Mass Reference and the Geometry of Solids, Almerindo E. Ojeda ** Defining a 'Doughnut' Made Difficult, N .M. Gotts ** A Theory of Spatial Regions with Indeterminate Boundaries, A.G. Cohn and N.M. Gotts ** Mereotopological Construction of Time from Events, Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi ** Computational Mereology: A Study of Part-of Relations for Multi-media Indexing, Wlodek Zadrozny and Michelle Ki

Towards automated derivation in the theory of allegories

We provide an algorithm that automatically derives many provable theorems in the equational theory of allegories. This was accomplished by noticing properties of an existing decision algorithm that could be extended to provide a derivation in addition to a decision certificate. We also suggest improvements and corrections to previous research in order to motivate further work on a complete derivation mechanism. The results presented here are significant for those interested in relational theories, since we essentially have a subtheory where automatic proof-generation is possible. This is also relevant to program verification since relations are well-suited to describe the behaviour of computer programs. It is likely that extensions of the theory of allegories are also decidable and possibly suitable for further expansions of the algorithm presented here

Christoph Martin Wieland as the Originator of Modern Travesty in German Literature

In this study the extent to which Wieland contributed to the literary genre of the travesty is established, the poet's approach to his sources as well as the nature and duality of his innovations are investigated, and the level and distribution of his travesties in relationship to the sum total of his literary work in general is appraised