Cost-effective wearable sensor to detect EMF

In this paper we present the design of a cost-effective wearable sensor to detect and indicate the strength and other characteristics of the electric field emanating from a laptop display. Our Electromagnetic Field Detector Bracelet can provide an immediate awareness of electric fields radiated from an object used frequently. Our technology thus supports awareness of ambient background emanation beyond human perception. We discuss how detection of such radiation might help to “fingerprint” devices and aid in applications that require determination of indoor location

OSEM : occupant-specific energy monitoring.

Electricity has become prevalent in modern day lives. Almost all the comforts people enjoy today, like home heating and cooling, indoor and outdoor lighting, computers, home and office appliances, depend on electricity. Moreover, the demand for electricity is increasing across the globe. The increasing demand for electricity and the increased awareness about carbon footprints have raised interest in the implementation of energy efficiency measures. A feasible remedy to conserve energy is to provide energy consumption feedback. This approach has suggested the possibility of considerable reduction in the energy consumption, which is in the range of 3.8% to 12%. Currently, research is on-going to monitor energy consumption of individual appliances. However, various approaches studied so far are limited to group-level feedback. The limitation of this approach is that the occupant of a house/building is unaware of his/her energy consumption pattern and has no information regarding how his/her energy-related behavior is affecting the overall energy consumption of a house/building. Energy consumption of a house/building largely depends on the energy-related behavior of individual occupants. Therefore, research in the area of individualized energy-usage feedback is essential. The OSEM (Occupant-Specific Energy Monitoring) system presented in this work is capable of monitoring individualized energy usage. OSEM system uses the electromagnetic field (EMF) radiated by appliances as a signature for appliance identification. An EMF sensor was designed and fabricated to collect the EMF radiated by appliances. OSEM uses proximity sensing to confirm the energy-related activity. Once confirmed, this activity is attributed to the occupant who initiated it. Bluetooth Low Energy technology was used for proximity sensing. This OSEM system would provide a detailed energy consumption report of individual occupants, which would help the occupants understand their energy consumption patterns and in turn encourage them to undertake energy conservation measures

A Contactless Sensor for Pacemaker Pulse Detection:Design Hints and Performance Assessment

Continuous monitoring of pacemaker activity can provide valuable information to improve patients' follow-up. Concise information is stored in some types of pacemakers, whereas ECG can provide more detailed information, but requires electrodes and cannot be used for continuous monitoring. This study highlights the possibility of a continuous monitoring of pacemaker pulses by sensing magnetic field variations due to the current pulses. This can be achieved by means of a sensor coil positioned near the patient's thorax without any need for physical contact. A simplified model of coil response to pacemaker pulses is presented in this paper, along with circuits suitable for pulse detection. In vitro tests were carried out using real pacemakers immersed in saline solution; experimental data were used to assess the accuracy of the model and to evaluate the sensor performance. It was found that the coil signal amplitude decreases with increasing distance from the pacemaker lead wire. The sensor was able to easily perform pacemaker spike detection up to a distance of 12 cm from the pacemaker leads. The stimulation rate can be measured in real time with high accuracy. Since any electromagnetic pulse triggers the same coil response, EMI may corrupt sensor measurements and thus should be discriminated

Development of a Tactile Thimble for Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications

The technologies that have gained a renewed interest during the recent years are Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), as they become more accessible and affordable for mass-production. The input device which allows us to interact with the virtual environment is a very crucial aspect. One of the main barriers to immerse ourselves in virtual reality is the lack of realistic feedback. The user has to almost rely entirely on visual feedback without any haptic feedback, and this increases the user's workload and decreases the performance. In this thesis, a functional demonstrator of a tactile feedback device which conveys compelling interactions with not just VR, but also AR is presented. The device is designed such that there is realistic feedback for virtual touches and least obstruction during contact of a real object in AR applications. New design principle of introducing small actuators allows the device to be compact and increases its portability. In contrast to actuators that are placed on the finger pad in most of the available input devices for VR, a tactile device with two actuators that are arranged laterally on the finger, so that the underside of the fingertip is free is proposed. The output from these actuators generate a tactile stimulus by stimulating a sense of touch, which helps the user to manipulate virtual objects. The actuators are designed to independently generate vibrations and this coupled tactile feedback enhances the stimulation resulting in a wide variety of stimulation patterns for the sense of touch. Preliminary experimental evaluation for design and location of actuators has been carried out to measure the vibration intensity. In addition, user experiments for design evaluation of the two actuators based on different vibration patterns have also been conducted

New Electrochemical Sensors for Decentralized Analysis

Nous sensors electroquímics per a analisis decentralitzats és una tesis que emmarca diferents aspectes del desenvolupament de sensors potenciomètrics, des de la seva fabricació, el diseny adequat, i finalment, la seva aplicabilitat en escenaris reals. En el context actual, l'evolució de la tecnologia, especialment l'aparició a nivell global d'internet, i la disponibilitat d'aquesta a baix cost han permès la creació d'eines que ens permeten connectar el món físic i, en el cas d'aquesta tesis, el món químic a la xarxa. Aquesta connexió aporta un nou grau dins l'escala de valor per a la societat actual. Concretament, aquesta aportació tecnològica va adreçada a superar els nous reptes de l'actualitat, com poden ser la sostenibilitat del sistema sanitari a causa de l'embelliment de la societat, el control medioambiental, així com també mantenir la seguretat per a la societat del benestar del futur. Així doncs, aquesta tesis presenta solucions efectives per al desenvolupament d'eines de captació d'informació que serviràn per nudrir a la societat de major coneixement. Conseqüentment, produint nous negocis al voltant, de la fabricació, processament i creació de valor entorn a aquestes dades. La recerca i desenvolupament de sensors potenciomètrics integrats a la roba per detectar els nivells d'electròlits i sensors senzills de paper per a la determinació de biomolècules, com la glucosa, són alguns dels objectius aconseguits en aquesta tesis. A més a més, sensors integrats en globus permeten l'estudi de les seves propietats mecàniques i electroquímiques, així com també, aporten noves solucions a problemes reals. Totes aquestes aplicacions serveixen de portals de captació d'informació química cap a la integració dins la nova societat de la informació.Nuevos sensores electroquímicos para analisis decentralizados es una tesis que enmarca diferentes aspectos del desarrollo de sensores potenciométricos, desde su fabricación, el diseño adecuado, i finalmente, su aplicabilidad en escenarios reales. En el contexto actual, la evolución de la tecnología, especialmente la aparición a nivel global de internet, y la disponibilidad de esta a bajo coste han permitido la creación de herramientas que nos permiten conectar el mundo físico y, en el caso de esta tesis, el mundo químico a la red. Esta conexión aporta un nuevo grado dentro la escala de valor para la sociedad actual. Concretamente, esta aportación tecnológica va dirigida a superar los nuevos retos de la actualidad, como pueden ser la sostenibilidad del sistema sanitario a causa del envejecimiento de la poblacion, el control medioambiental, así como también mantener la seguridad para la sociedad del bienestar del futuro. Entonces, esta tesis presenta soluciones efectivas para el desarrollo de herramientas de captación de información que servirán para nutrir a la sociedad de un mayor conocimiento. Por consiguiente, produciendo nuevos negocios alrededor, de la fabricación, procesado i creación de valor en los datos obtenidos. La investigación y desarrollo de sensores potenciométricos integrados en la ropa para detectar los niveles de electrolitos y sensores simples en papel para la determinación de biomoléculas, como la glucosa, son algunos de los objetivos conseguidos en esta tesis. Además, sensores integrados en globos permiten el estudio de sus propiedades mecánicas y electroquímicas, así como, aportando nuevas soluciones a problemas reales. Todas estas aplicaciones sirven de portales de captación de información química hacia la integración dentro de la nueva sociedad de la información.ew Electrochemical Sensors for Decentralized Analysis is a thesis that wisely discuss the developments of potentiometric sensors, from the fabrication step, the use of a suitable design, to the applicability in real scenarios. Nowadays, the evolution of technology, specially the creation of the global internet network, and the low-cost availability of such technology have allowed the development of tools that connect the physical world and, addressed in this thesis, the chemical world into the network. This connection adds a new level in the value chain for the present society. Precisely, this technology approach is focus on circumvent new present challenges of society. For instance, sustainability of the healthcare system caused by the population aging, environmental monitoring, as well as, keep security and safety to the welfare of society of the future. Therefore, this thesis presents successful solutions for the development of tools to gather chemical information. This information will nurture society with high-value knowledge. Accordingly, new business development from, sensing products, data treatment and information management are going to be created. Research and development of potentiometric sensors integrated into garments for electrolyte detection and simple sensors built in paper for biomolecules determination, such as glucose, and liquid monitoring, such as sweat, are some of the accomplished objectives from this thesis. Furthermore, balloon-embedded sensors allow the study of the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the electrodes, as well as, contributing with new solutions to real problems. All the applications developed in this thesis are utilized as gateways for chemical information acquisition towards the integration into the new information society

An analysis of surface integrity when drilling inconel 718 using palm oil and synthetic ester under, MQL condition

The components being manufactured in the aerospace industry must be capable of being utilized for long periods without failure. Thus, the functional behavior of these machined components is greatly dependent upon their surface integrity. The present work compares the performance of palm oil and synthetic ester on surface integrity during drilling of Inconel 718. The results indicate the substantial benefit of the minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) by palm oil on microhardness, surface roughness, surface defects and sub-surface deformation

EMI Spy: Harnessing electromagnetic interference for low-cost, rapid prototyping of proxemic interaction

We present a wearable system that uses ambient electromagnetic interference (EMI) as a signature to identify electronic devices and support proxemic interaction. We designed a low cost tool, called EMI Spy, and a software environment for rapid deployment and evaluation of ambient EMI-based interactive infrastructure. EMI Spy captures electromagnetic interference and delivers the signal to a user's mobile device or PC through either the device's wired audio input or wirelessly using Bluetooth. The wireless version can be worn on the wrist, communicating with the user;s mobile device in their pocket. Users are able to train the system in less than 1 second to uniquely identify displays in a 2-m radius around them, as well as to detect pointing at a distance and touching gestures on the displays in real-time. The combination of a low cost EMI logger and an open source machine learning tool kit allows developers to quickly prototype proxemic, touch-to-connect, and gestural interaction. We demonstrate the feasibility of mobile, EMI-based device and gesture recognition with preliminary user studies in 3 scenarios, achieving 96% classification accuracy at close range for 6 digital signage displays distributed throughout a building, and 90% accuracy in classifying pointing gestures at neighboring desktop LCD displays. We were able to distinguish 1- and 2-finger touching with perfect accuracy and show indications of a way to determine power consumption of a device via touch. Our system is particularly well-suited to temporary use in a public space, where the sensors could be distributed to support a popup interactive environment anywhere with electronic devices. By designing for low cost, mobile, flexible, and infrastructure-free deployment, we aim to enable a host of new proxemic interfaces to existing appliances and displays

Modelling of Internet of Things (IoT) for Healthcare

Purpose: Information technology benefits the world, and it’s required for health care system, such as electronic medical records (EMR). We have proposed systematic model to study hoe IoT with 5g network has potential to benefit various healthcare services. For example, telemedicine may have some usage restrictions in rural areas and physicians may find it difficult to provide continuous monitoring to patients from such area. There are higher chances that the calls or video conferences getting significantly affected by poor networks and signals as well as non-compatible devices and patient may not get the treatment on time. 5G networking with IoT devices are believed to be the game changer for communication technology. The IoT model assists in attaining information by measuring its benefits through criteria which include 5G and IoT features along with a healthcare service requirement. Purpose of this paper is to present a model using Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology which will help to understand improved efficiency and efficacy of healthcare services. Our main research methodologies are literature review and modeling. The obtained results can be used for information technology applications in healthcare for various healthcare services and assist in increasing health quality in the healthcare industry.Method: Created a model to set the standard for incorporating 5G IoT devices health related technology and services. Reviewed through several models that serve as potential model to involve key factors that are unique certain healthcare services. We picked one model that can be easily incorporated in the system and can be revised to fit within the requirements using 5G IoT devices. Gathering of related literature served as a foundation in understanding the benefits of 5G IoT in the healthcare systems and parameters were pooled from it to revise the IoT model. Results: Incorporating 5G IoT features into a chosen model gave an overview of various determinants that can help understanding how IoT can influence any healthcare service and improve the quality of health. There are no rules and restrictions for use and utilization of this technology for health management yet in developing stage however, healthcare systems can rely on the 5G IoT devices for quality betterment. Conclusion: IoT with 5G has potential to improve healthcare management. The 5G world with an IoT will allow us to enter an era where real-time health services will become the part of the daily routine rather than the exception. However, further research needs to be done about its usage within any kind of specific health technology. Future research directions can utilize our model for other lesser known healthcare services

Biomedical Sensing - A Sensor Fusion Approach for Improved Medical Detection and Monitoring

Enhanced technological advancement in computation, communication, and sensing has dramatically changed the dynamics of modern medicine. Advancing preventive medicine is paramount to a sustainable improvement in the quality of life and life expectancy. On-body sensors provide continuous measurements for healthy and ailing individuals leading to faster recovery and more timely detection of illnesses. Novel sensor designs and sensor fusion for preventive monitoring can provide extensible benefits, including a better understanding of ailment progression, treatment optimization, and patient feedback through data analytics and visualization. However, existing research does not thoroughly investigate sensor fusion approaches in biomedical sensing, as well as spot sensing, which can provide better information through more accurate detection of specific tissues instead of secondary measurements. This article presents the development of an ex-vivo sensor fusion system to track a person\u27s muscular condition. The embedded system provides a significant benefit by notifying users of particular muscle events in real-time