[[alternative]]Optimal Inventory and Pricing Policies for a One-Manufacturer and Multi-Retailer Channel Distribution System

計畫編號：NSC90-2218-E032-009研究期間：200108~200207研究經費：338,000[[sponsorship]]行政院國家科學委員

Simulator Pembangkitan Skenario Pengiriman Solar Menggunakan Algoritma Common Replenishment Epoch (Cre)

Dalam sistem rantai pasok, terdapat beberapa parameter penting, seperti pembiayaan, transportasi, jalur pengiriman serta jumlah (quantity) barang, untuk meningkatkan performansi supply chain ini diperlukan adanya koordinasi yang baik antara vendor dengan buyer, salah satu mekanismenya yaitu melalui Common Replenishment Epoch (CRE), dalam model CRE, vendor menggabungkan replenishment order buyer dengan menetapkan jadual replenishment pada suatu waktu tertentu dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan optimasi pembiayaan sistem (buyer dan supplier).Dalam proses pengiriman bahan bakar solar (HSD) dari supplier ke buyer dengan angkutan kapal tanker, algoritma CRE bisa digunakan dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalkan pembiayaan, khususnya pembiayaan pada sisi supplier. Penurunan pembiayaan pada supplier dapat menjadi rujukan untuk penentuan kebijakan selanjutnya, seperti pemberian dicsount pada buyer yang mengikuti algoritma CRE.Metode pengiriman solar dari supplier ke masing-masing buyer bisa dibangkitakan dengan beberapa metode (skenario), skenario yang mengacu pada algoritma CRE memiliki nilai pembiayaan sistem yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan algoritma tanpa koordinasi, nilai pembiayaan pada sistem bergantung pada interval replenishment yang dilakukan

Sensitivity of multi-product two-stage economic lotsizing models and their dependency on change-over and product cost ratio's

This study considers the production and inventory management problem of a two-stage semi-process production system. In case both production stages are physically connected it is obvious that materials are forced to flow. The economic lotsize depends on the holding cost of the end-product and the combined change-over cost of both production stages. On the other hand this 'flow shop' is forced to produce at the speed of the slowest stage. The benefit of this approach is the low amount of Work In Process inventory. When on the other hand, the involved stages are physically disconnected, a stock of intermediates acts as a decoupling point. Typically for the semi-process industry are high change-over costs for the process oriented first stage, which results in large lotsize differences for the different production stages. Using the stock of intermediates as a decoupling point avoids the complexity of synchronising operations but is an additional reason to augment the intermediate stock position. The disadvantage of this model is the high amount of Work-In-Process inventory. This paper proposes the 'synchronised planning model' realising a global optimum instead of the combination of two locally optimised settings. The mathematical model proves (for a two-stage single-product setting) that the optimal two-stage production frequency corresponds with the single EOQ solution for the first stage. A sensitivity study reveals, within these two-stage lotsizing models, the economical cost dependency on product and change-over cost ratio‟s. The purpose of this paper is to understand under which conditions the „joined setup‟ or the „two-stage individual eoq model‟ remain close to the optimal model. Numerical examples prove that the conclusions about the optimal settings remain valid when extending the model to a two-stage multi-product setting. The research reveals that two-stage individually optimized EOQ lotsizing should only be used when the end-product stage has a high added value and small change-over costs, compared to the first stage. Physically connected operations should be used when the end-product stage has a small added value and low change-over costs, or high added value and large change-over costs compared to the first production stage. The paper concludes with suggesting a practical common cycle approach to tackle a two-stage multi-product production and inventory management problem. The common cycle approach brings the benefit of a repetitive and predictable production schedule

Common Replenishment Strategies in Supply Chain under Uncertainty Demand Environment

This paper is based on the model proposed by Viswanathan and continue to analyze the benefit of supply chain inventories through the use of common replenishment epochs. We studied a one-vendor, multi-buyer supply chain for a single product under uncertainty demand environment. The vendor specifies common replenishment periods and asks all buyers to replenish only at those time period and the price discount to be offered by the vendor are determined by the solution to a Stackelberg game. A numerical study is conducted to evaluate the benefit of the strategy by simulation

A coordination framework for distributed supply chains

Supply chain is a network of cooperating organizations that are involved through upstream and downstream linkages. Such a complex system cannot be modeled simply by mathematical equations without simplification of the problem. Recently, Multi-Agent System (MAS) is proposed as a modeling technique to represent supply chain networks. In fact, many application problems in MASs that are concerned with finding a consistent combination of agent actions can be formalized as Distributed Constraints Satisfaction Problem (DCSP). The main purpose of this paper is to propose a novel coordination framework by adopting the DCSP philosophy for distributed supply chains, which are modeled by MASs, subjected to uncertainties. Simulation results indicate that the proposed mechanism outperforms traditional stochastic modeling in solving supply chain dynamics in terms of total cost and fill rate of the system. © 2004 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

SIMULATOR PEMBANGKITAN SKENARIO PENGIRIMAN SOLAR MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA COMMON REPLENISHMENT EPOCH (CRE)

Dalam sistem rantai pasok, terdapat beberapa parameter penting, seperti pembiayaan, transportasi, jalur pengiriman serta jumlah (quantity) barang, untuk meningkatkan performansi supply chain ini diperlukan adanya koordinasi yang baik antara vendor dengan buyer, salah satu mekanismenya yaitu melalui Common Replenishment Epoch (CRE), dalam model CRE, vendor menggabungkan replenishment order buyer dengan menetapkan jadual replenishment pada suatu waktu tertentu dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan optimasi pembiayaan sistem (buyer dan supplier).Dalam proses pengiriman bahan bakar solar (HSD) dari supplier ke buyer dengan angkutan kapal tanker, algoritma CRE bisa digunakan dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalkan pembiayaan, khususnya pembiayaan pada sisi supplier. Penurunan pembiayaan pada supplier dapat menjadi rujukan untuk penentuan kebijakan selanjutnya, seperti pemberian dicsount pada buyer yang mengikuti algoritma CRE.Metode pengiriman solar dari supplier ke masing-masing buyer bisa dibangkitakan dengan beberapa metode (skenario), skenario yang mengacu pada algoritma CRE memiliki nilai pembiayaan sistem yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan algoritma tanpa koordinasi, nilai pembiayaan pada sistem bergantung pada interval replenishment yang dilakukan

Controlling inventories in a supply chain: a case study

This article studies specific aspects of the joint replenishment problem in a real supply chain setting. Particularly we analyze the effect on inventory performance of having minimum order quantities for the different products in the joint order, given a complex transportation cost structure. The policies suggested have been tested in a simulation model with real data.Inventory;Supply chain management;Minimum order quantities;Joint replienishment

A Supply Chain Coordination Mechanism for Common Items Subject to Failure in the Electronics, Defense, and Medical Industries

Improved production processes, particularly miniaturization, have led to the development and use of non-reworkable items subject to failure in modern production environments. Coordinating supply chains for these items requires cooperation between suppliers and buyers in order to balance ordering/setup and holding costs among system partners. In this paper, we first determine optimal inventory policies for both the supplier and buyer. We then apply the bisection method to develop a mechanism which uses a common replenishment time to coordinate a supply chain consisting of a single supplier and n buyers. By utilizing this optimization framework, we minimize total system-wide costs and derive the cost savings associated with our coordinated solution. Numerical examples are then provided for illustration