Toward a Paradigm of Servant Leadership for Seventh-day Adventist Ministers in Korea

Problem Korean society retains a strong Confucian tradition, manifested by a strong devotion to family and an emphasis on hierarchy and vertical relationships. The Buddhist and Shamanist traditions provide a model of authoritarian leadership. These traditions have been modified to adapt to modem leadership concerns, but the hierarchal practice of power and authority-based leadership still prevails. The challenge facing Christianity is the prevalence of this existing leadership style. It is a barrier to the acceptance of the biblical model of servant-leadership. Effective leadership that is both biblically sound and culturally suitable is needed for the Seventh-day Adventist church in Korea. Method In order to better understand servant-leadership in the context of Korea, data were collected from the James White Library, Andrews University; the Hesburgh Library, University of Notre Dame; and the McAlister Library, Fuller Theological Seminary. A questionnaire was used to survey the local church pastors in two of the five conferences and the language institutes governed by the Korean Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Results The research findings indicate that the Seventh-day Adventist pastors perceive themselves to be leaders who are incorporating the principles and practices of servant- leadership. However, the findings also reveal a variance in their ability to identify the unique qualities that characterize the biblical model of servant-leadership. A majority of pastors surveyed indicated a desire for a leadership development program. Conclusions The Seventh-day Adventist church in Korea needs to shift leadership paradigms in order to meet the needs of a rapidly changing society. The traditional hierarchal system of church governance is creating conflict. Studying the biblical model of servant- leadership is imperative. The servant-leadership model is feasible and implementing its principles within the Seventh-day Adventist church in Korea will ensure natural church growth

Three essays on the impacts of land -use regulations and land development

This dissertation is a collection of essays examining the effects of land-use regulations and redevelopment. The first chapter describes an overview of the Korean housing market.;Chapter 2 employs the stock-flow model in order to incorporate land-use regulation into the analysis. Future land supply can not only constrain housing construction but also affect the people\u27s expectation. Land-use regulations can be incorporated into demand for housing as well as housing construction.;Chapter 3 investigates the impact of land-use regulations on housing market in the case of South Korea. The South Korean rapid income and population growth have produced a sharp increase in housing demand. On the supply side, however, the government has played a crucial role in controlling the housing supply with various regulations in housing and land markets. Much of literature has argued that a shortage of land supply increases housing prices. This paper analyzes the mechanism by which land-use regulations affect housing prices and housing construction. The empirical examination provides that land-use regulations have no binding effects on housing production but raise housing prices by stimulating higher investment demand for housing. The expectation about a shortage of land supply leads to higher future housing prices which in turn spur the current demand. The resulting higher housing prices encourage more housing production by constructing high-rising housing buildings.;Chapter 4 examines the anticipated impact on housing prices of a New Town Development in Seoul announced in 2002. Since the extensive land redevelopment project leads to significant change in residential neighborhoods, it generates spillover effects on the values of housing units located in close proximity. We employ a spatial hedonic housing price model to estimate and measure the spillover impacts of redevelopment with different mixed land uses on surrounding housing prices. The empirical results show that neighborhood spillovers of redevelopment depend on the type of mixed land uses. Housing prices within one kilometer of residential redevelopment mixed with open space were 17 percent higher than elsewhere while houses within one kilometer of residential redevelopment mainly mixed with commercial uses have a higher value of 35 percent compared to those farther away. The empirical results of a pre-post approach suggest that the change in housing prices takes place the year the announcement was made, which implies that housing markets anticipate the future effects of the completed project.;The last chapter summarizes the major findings of the previous chapters and discusses areas of future research

Capacity Factors for Urban Sustainability Transformations – The Eco-capital Suwon in South Korea

South Korean cities have experienced remarkable economic growth starting from the 1980s, characterised by energy-dependent models coupled with a rapid, dense urbanisation process. This growth model has incrementally induced carbon-intensive urban structures that have consequently produced socio-environmental degradation and severe challenges to sustainability. A range of efforts to solve such challenges has not succeeded in breaking strong path-dependencies on existing unsustainable structures, and this concern has raised the necessity to develop a new urban approach towards sustainability. Given that concern, a growing body of literature has endeavoured to understand the processes of ‘sustainability transformations’, and shares an underlying assumption that such change co-evolves with societal agency that collectively creates networks, within which decisions and strategies are developed, negotiated, and implemented. This recognition has raised the essential question about which factors are required for the agency to initiate and perform such transformations in the process of urban development. Against this background, this research aims to examine factors that critically influence the emergence of urban transformation processes by exploring interrelations that appear between them. In particular, the research focuses on the critical role of governance characteristics to influence the emergence of transformation factors. In order to explore the factors in practice, a case study is conducted through document analysis and in-depth interviews. The real-world case selected in this research is the Eco-capital Suwon in South Korea, a pioneering model of sustainability-oriented urban development that employs a set of transformative experiments across action domains. Additionally, this case is critical in that its wider context—in which a more state government-led, centralised practice is dominant—would generate abundant dynamics of interactions across administrative scale levels. In order to scrutinise the factors that are employed not only in the Eco-capital in general but more specifically in its different projects, the research selects three projects as the sub-cases based on the different governance characteristics, as well as action domains. The three selected projects cover the domains of (rain) water management, green transportation, and renewable (solar) energy, which display multiple, unique forms of participation of (inter)national/urban/neighbourhood-scale agency from the public and private sector, academia and research institutes, civil society, and Suwon’s individual citizens and residents. The research has derived the primary findings: 1) ‘Inclusive governance’ encompasses collaborative actor networks and partnerships; and 2) Intermediaries working across different domains and scale levels condition the emergence and characteristics of agency-related factors for urban transformations. The research makes a set of contributions not only to theoretical discussions on urban transformation, but also to policy and practice in urban governance and planning. First, the selected case and its analytical design help to display: 1) a less explored phenomenon where cross-scalar interactions are often constrained by wider political systems (‘why cross-scalar interactions could not occur’); and 2) a clearer understanding of the geographical unit that is advantageous for the emergence of multi-system transformations (where multi-system transformations could occur). Second, the empirical findings shed light on discussions surrounding urban transformation by verifying arguments about the significance of governance characteristics. In addition, the case analysis suggests shifting from domain-specific transformations to domain-transecting, co-evolutionary transformations, such as a water-energy nexus approach. By extension, the research provides a set of policy recommendations to accelerate urban transformations. Finally, the research suggests options for future comparative studies on how ‘place’ conditions reconfiguration dynamics in urban development.:Acknowledgements Declaration of authorship Executive summary Table of contents List of tables List of figures Abbreviations Notes on the presentation of findings 1. Introduction 2. Capacity factors for urban sustainability transformation 2.1 Cities for sustainability 2.2 Urban sustainability transformations 2.3 Agency-related capacity factors for urban transformations 2.4 Raising questions 3. Methodology 3.1 Research design 3.2 Research methods 4. Case study of the Eco-capital Suwon 4.1 Suwon city: main characteristics 4.2 The Eco-capital Suwon for urban transformations 5. Agency and governance characteristics 5.1 Inclusive governance at the centre of transformations 5.2 Transformative leadership arising from diverse sectors 5.3 Communities of ‘practice’ beyond a network 5.4 Conclusions 6. Knowledge and social learning through interaction 6.1 New knowledge on systemic dynamics and its application to governance structures and institutions 6.2 (Co-)production of knowledge and transitional goals for the urban future 6.3 Social learning that leads to change 6.4 Conclusions 7. Community-based innovation and enabling environment for its acceleration 7.1 Neighbourhood-scale activities by communities of practice 7.2 Supportive regulatory framework and inclusive planning for community-based activities 7.3 Conclusions 8. Multi-dimensional processes of systems change 8.1 Diverse levels of agency with different contributions 8.2 Trans-scale and cross-scale dynamics 8.3 Conclusions 9. Conclusions Appendix 1 Summary of interviewees Appendix 2 South Korea’s local government system (as of 2018) Appendix 3 Overview of participatory programmes of Suwon Appendix 4 Studies on urban transformative capacity Reference

Doing evolution in economic geography

Evolutionary approaches in economic geography face questions about the relationships between their concepts, theories, methods, politics, and policy implications. Amidst the growing but unsettled consensus that evolutionary approaches should employ plural methodologies, the aims here are, first, to identify some of the difficult issues confronting those working with different frameworks. The concerns comprise specifying and connecting research objects, subjects, and levels; handling agency and context; engaging and integrating the quantitative and the qualitative; comparing cases; and, considering politics, policy, and praxis. Second, the purpose is to articulate a distinctive geographical political economy approach, methods, and illustrative examples in addressing these issues. Bringing different views of evolution in economic geography into dialogue and disagreement renders methodological pluralism a means toward improved understanding and explanation rather than an end in itself. Confronting such thorny matters needs to be embedded in our research practices and supported by greater openness; more and better substantiation of our conceptual, theoretical, and empirical claims; enhanced critical reflection; and deeper engagement with politics, policy, and praxis

Technology Roadmap for Eco-Friendly Building Materials Industry

As quality of life has improved, the need for high-performance building materials that meet speci���c technological requirements has increased. Residential environments have also changed owing to climate change. A technology roadmap could de���ne and systematically re���ect a timeline for the development of future core technologies. The purpose of this research is to build a technology roadmap that could be utilized for the development of technology in the eco-friendly building material industry. This research is composed of multiple analysis processes—patent analysis, Delphi, and analytic hierarchy process analysis—that minimize the uncertainty caused by the lack of information in the eco-friendly construction industry by securing objective future forecast data. Subsequently, the quality function deployment test is implemented to verify the feasibility of the technology roadmap that is constructed. The design of various types of functional, low-carbon building materials could reduce carbon emissions and save energy by ensuring a hazardous-material-free market in the future. This design development roadmap is required to complement this technology roadmap.This research was supported by a grant (19RERP-B082204-06) from Residential Environment Research Program funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Korea

North Korea: Transport and Logistics Scenarios and South Korean Enterprises' Location Decisions

North Korea is one of the world’s last remaining communist countries. Insistence on self-sufficiency has resulted in the stagnation of its economy and collapse of its transport distribution system. This research project examines how various scenarios for North Korea and the implications of South Korean enterprises’ location decisions affect future transport and logistics developments in North Korea. In the foreseeable future, aside from Chinese companies, South Korean investors will probably be the only companies to invest heavily in the North, driven by political and economic motivations. The objectives of this study are four-fold. Firstly, it analyses the political and economic factors affecting North Korea. Secondly, it appraises the present conditions of transport and logistics infrastructure in North Korea. Next, in order to ascertain the implications of business organisations’ decisions to locate in North Korea, it is imperative to determine the probable scenarios surrounding North Korea due to its unique and reclusive nature. Finally, it identifies the factors that will affect potential investors’ location choices. In order to answer the above research question and objectives, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. In the absence of reliable data from North Korea, an exploratory study was undertaken with eight experts to gain deeper understanding of the issues surrounding North Korea. The insights gathered, together with the comprehensive literature review led to the development of eight sub-research questions. Next, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted to help develop scenarios for North Korea. Quantitative surveys were concurrently conducted which engaged SMEs and logistics companies. The findings of the research uncovered new insights. Experts think that the status quo scenario is most likely to continue in the near future unless one of the wildcard situations, such as the death of Kim Jong-il occurs. Investors are likely to invest $1-9 million in North Korea, with Nampo and Sinuiju as probable investment locations. Four main factors will influence the location choices of potential South Korean investors including ‘legal’, ‘political economy’, ‘spatial’ and ‘infrastructure’. Road transport was found to be the choice of mode for both experts and investors and China and South Korea would be the mostly like export destinations for North Korean-made products

Futures Horizon to Sustainability Challenges of the Lao PDR 2050 : Adaptive Foresight Thinking and New Futures Perspectives to Energy and Natural Resource Planning in the Lao People´s Democratic Republic

This e-book is focused on energy and natural resource planning in Lao PDR. The aim is to present some futures oriented analyses and discuss key planning challenges of Laos´s energy economy and natural resource use. In this e-book these questions are linked to the Adaptive Foresight methodology, that has been used as general framework in interactive and participative projects in Lao PDR

Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) in dense urban watersheds. The case of the Medrano stream basin (MSB) in Buenos Aires

Conventional urban drainage approaches have historically focused on the volume of stormwater to be displaced with the aim of moving it as fast and as far as possible from the city. They have also been negligent regarding water quality and the inherent value of watercourses to distinct forms of life in cities, from maintaining biodiversity to providing recreational space for residents. Contemporary responses to these issues point to a paradigm change: They seek to replicate the natural mechanisms of absorption and retention, with the aim of addressing pluvial drainage needs closer to the site of origin. This article aims to explore the extent to which such an approach could be accommodated in one dense and highly impervious setting in the Global South. Specifically, it compares urban morphology, land value, hydraulic performance, and politico-institutional conditions of grey and Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) scenarios in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The findings suggest that even in very dense and impervious urban basins it is possible to implement BGI with a significant effect in achieving urban-sustainability goals. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that it is possible to deculvert watercourses in line with Compact City principles through the development of hybrid BGI/grey-infrastructure systems.Fil: Kozak, Daniel Matias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Centro de Investigación Hábitat y Energía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; ArgentinaFil: Henderson, Hayley. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; Argentina. Australian National University; AustraliaFil: de Castro Mazarro, Alejandro. Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development,; AlemaniaFil: Rotbart, Demián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo; ArgentinaFil: Aradas, Rodolfo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

The Rise of the Sharing City: Examining Origins and Futures of Urban Sharing

With more than half the world’s population living in ever more economically productive cities, and urbanisation continuing apace, large-scale environmental problems resulting from unsustainable, excessively consumption-focussed life styles are doomed to happen. Meanwhile large amounts of equipment and infrastructure are barely used. The recently emerged Sharing City concept combines the benefits of Sharing Economy and Collaborative Consumption with urban development and community building, and promises to address at least some of those issues. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of the concept, and to offer an insight into its (partial) implementation. A literature analysis, qualitative interviews, and three case studies allow identifying major reasons for and enablers of the Sharing City’s emergence, driving forces, obstacles to implementation, and its potential. Structurally, the underlying changes in the global economy enabled it, as well as the recent economic crisis, changes in attitudes towards consumption and ownership, and the development and improvement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Driving forces behind the emergence of the Sharing City are identified in good access to ICT infrastructure, the presence of an energetic civil society and an accommodating city administration. Other drivers include a vibrant sharing business scene (as in San Francisco), an active municipality (like Seoul’s), and a sharing-enthusiastic population (as Berlin’s). Obstacles to the implementation and its dissemination are largely found in the legal frameworks governing four priority sectors for cities: food, transportation, housing, and jobs. Deficits are in both regulation that inhibits sharing but also a lack of regulation specifically for sharing. Sharing Cities can benefit the economic, environmental, social, and democratic dimensions of an urban community. One major criticism is levelled against the commercial expansion of sharing, which may be seen as an excessive marketisation of previously ‘private’ life spheres, subjecting ever-greater areas of life to the logic of commercial exchange