Contribution à la gestion des données géographiques : Modélisation et interrogation par croquis

The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) require special needs to manage their content because they handle data structures are complex and heterogeneous. Such data are often difficult to describe in conventional queries or predicates are based on attributes. The freehand sketches (sketch) is a form of presentation that day was used to visualize, share and save the graphic information. It seems to be easily adaptable to present and examine a flexible GIS dataLes Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG) réclament des besoins particuliers de gestion de leur contenu, parce qu'ils manipulent des données dont les structures sont complexes et hétérogènes. Ces données sont souvent difficiles à décrire par des requêtes classiques ou des prédicats basés sur des attributs. Le croquis à main levée (sketch) est une veille forme de présentation qui a été employée pour visualiser, échanger et enregistrer l'information graphique. Il semble être ainsi facilement adaptable pour présenter et interroger d'une manière flexible les données des SI

Atlas-based segmentation of medical images

Atlas-Based Segmentation of medical images is an image analysis task which involves labelling a desired anatomy or set of anatomy from images generated by medical imaging modalities. The overall goal of atlas-based segmentation is to assist radiologists in the detection and diagnosis of diseases. By extracting the relevant anatomy from medical images and presenting it in an appropriate view, their work-flow can be optimised. This portfolio-style thesis discusses the research projects carried out in order to evaluate the applicability of atlas-based methods to a variety of medical imaging problems. The thesis describes how atlas-based methods have been applied to heart segmentation, to extract the heart for further cardiac analysis from cardiac CT images, to kidney segmentation, to prepare the kidney for automated perfusion measurements, and to coronary vessel tracking, in order to improve on the quality of tracking algorithms. This thesis demonstrates how state of the art atlas-based segmentation techniques can be applied successfully to a range of clinical problems in different imaging modalities. Each application has been tested using not only standard experimentation principles, but also by clinically-trained personnel to evaluate its efficacy. The success of these methods is such that some of the described applications have since been deployed in commercial products. While exploring these applications, several techniques based on published literature were explored and tailored to suit each individual application. This thesis describes in detail the methods used for each application in turn, recognising the state of the art, and outlines the author's contribution in every application

Automated image analysis techniques for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

The introductory chapter provides an overview of various aspects related to quantitative analysis of cardiovascular MR (CMR) imaging studies. Subsequently, the thesis describes several automated methods for quantitative assessment of left ventricular function from CMR imaging studies. Several novel computer algorithms are introduced and validated for automated segmentation of short-axis CMR images and validated by comparing functional results derived from automated segmentation with results derived from manually traced contours. In addition an automated method is presented for assessment of flow through the aorta based on Phase-Contrast flow velocity mapping MRI. Finally a method is presented for accurate assessment of the thickness of the left ventricular myocardium taking advantage of the three-dimensional nature of MRI.UBL - phd migration 201