On average connectivity of the strong product of graphs

The average connectivity κ(G) of a graph G is the average, over all pairs of vertices, of the maximum number of internally disjoint paths connecting these vertices. The connectivity κ(G) can be seen as the minimum, over all pairs of vertices, of the maximum number of internally disjoint paths connecting these vertices. The connectivity and the average connectivity are upper bounded by the minimum degree δ(G) and the average degree d(G) of G, respectively. In this paper the average connectivity of the strong product G1 G2 of two connected graphs G1 and G2 is studied. A sharp lower bound for this parameter is obtained. As a consequence, we prove that κ(G1 G2) = d(G1 G2) if κ(Gi) = d(Gi), i = 1, 2. Also we deduce that κ(G1 G2) = δ(G1 G2) if κ(Gi) = δ(Gi), i = 1, 2.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia MTM2011-28800-C02-02Generalitat de Cataluña 1298 SGR200

On the connectivity and restricted edge-connectivity of 3-arc graphs

A 3−arc of a graph G is a 4-tuple (y, a, b, x) of vertices such that both (y, a, b) and (a, b, x) are paths of length two in G. Let ←→G denote the symmetric digraph of a graph G. The 3-arc graph X(G) of a given graph G is defined to have vertices the arcs of ←→G. Two vertices (ay), (bx) are adjacent in X(G) if and only if (y, a, b, x) is a 3-arc of G. The purpose of this work is to study the edge-connectivity and restricted edge-connectivity of 3-arc graphs.We prove that the 3-arc graph X(G) of every connected graph G of minimum degree δ(G) ≥ 3 has edge-connectivity λ(X(G)) ≥ (δ(G) − 1)2; and restricted edge- connectivity λ(2)(X(G)) ≥ 2(δ(G) − 1)2 − 2 if κ(G) ≥ 2. We also provide examples showing that all these bounds are sharp.Peer Reviewe

Further topics in connectivity

Continuing the study of connectivity, initiated in §4.1 of the Handbook, we survey here some (sufficient) conditions under which a graph or digraph has a given connectivity or edge-connectivity. First, we describe results concerning maximal (vertex- or edge-) connectivity. Next, we deal with conditions for having (usually lower) bounds for the connectivity parameters. Finally, some other general connectivity measures, such as one instance of the so-called “conditional connectivity,” are considered. For unexplained terminology concerning connectivity, see §4.1.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

On Generalizations of Supereulerian Graphs

A graph is supereulerian if it has a spanning closed trail. Pulleyblank in 1979 showed that determining whether a graph is supereulerian, even when restricted to planar graphs, is NP-complete. Let $\kappa\u27(G)$ and $\delta(G)$ be the edge-connectivity and the minimum degree of a graph $G$, respectively. For integers $s \ge 0$ and $t \ge 0$, a graph $G$ is $(s,t)$-supereulerian if for any disjoint edge sets $X, Y \subseteq E(G)$ with $|X|\le s$ and $|Y|\le t$, $G$ has a spanning closed trail that contains $X$ and avoids $Y$. This dissertation is devoted to providing some results on $(s,t)$-supereulerian graphs and supereulerian hypergraphs. In Chapter 2, we determine the value of the smallest integer $j(s,t)$ such that every $j(s,t)$-edge-connected graph is $(s,t)$-supereulerian as follows: j(s,t) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \max\{4, t + 2\} & \mbox{ if $0 \le s \le 1$, or $(s,t) \in \{(2,0), (2,1), (3,0),(4,0)\}$,} \\ 5 & \mbox{ if $(s,t) \in \{(2,2), (3,1)\}$,} \\ s + t + \frac{1 - (-1)^s}{2} & \mbox{ if $s \ge 2$ and $s+t \ge 5$. } \end{array} \right. As applications, we characterize $(s,t)$-supereulerian graphs when $t \ge 3$ in terms of edge-connectivities, and show that when $t \ge 3$, $(s,t)$-supereulerianicity is polynomially determinable. In Chapter 3, for a subset $Y \subseteq E(G)$ with $|Y|\le \kappa\u27(G)-1$, a necessary and sufficient condition for $G-Y$ to be a contractible configuration for supereulerianicity is obtained. We also characterize the $(s,t)$-supereulerianicity of $G$ when $s+t\le \kappa\u27(G)$. These results are applied to show that if $G$ is $(s,t)$-supereulerian with $\kappa\u27(G)=\delta(G)\ge 3$, then for any permutation $\alpha$ on the vertex set $V(G)$, the permutation graph $\alpha(G)$ is $(s,t)$-supereulerian if and only if $s+t\le \kappa\u27(G)$. For a non-negative integer $s\le |V(G)|-3$, a graph $G$ is $s$-Hamiltonian if the removal of any $k\le s$ vertices results in a Hamiltonian graph. Let $i_{s,t}(G)$ and $h_s(G)$ denote the smallest integer $i$ such that the iterated line graph $L^{i}(G)$ is $(s,t)$-supereulerian and $s$-Hamiltonian, respectively. In Chapter 4, for a simple graph $G$, we establish upper bounds for $i_{s,t}(G)$ and $h_s(G)$. Specifically, the upper bound for the $s$-Hamiltonian index $h_s(G)$ sharpens the result obtained by Zhang et al. in [Discrete Math., 308 (2008) 4779-4785]. Harary and Nash-Williams in 1968 proved that the line graph of a graph $G$ is Hamiltonian if and only if $G$ has a dominating closed trail, Jaeger in 1979 showed that every 4-edge-connected graph is supereulerian, and Catlin in 1988 proved that every graph with two edge-disjoint spanning trees is a contractible configuration for supereulerianicity. In Chapter 5, utilizing the notion of partition-connectedness of hypergraphs introduced by Frank, Kir\\u27aly and Kriesell in 2003, we generalize the above-mentioned results of Harary and Nash-Williams, of Jaeger and of Catlin to hypergraphs by characterizing hypergraphs whose line graphs are Hamiltonian, and showing that every 2-partition-connected hypergraph is a contractible configuration for supereulerianicity. Applying the adjacency matrix of a hypergraph $H$ defined by Rodr\\u27iguez in 2002, let $\lambda_2(H)$ be the second largest adjacency eigenvalue of $H$. In Chapter 6, we prove that for an integer $k$ and a $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ of order $n$ with $r\ge 4$ even, the minimum degree $\delta\ge k\ge 2$ and $k\neq r+2$, if $\lambda_2(H)\le (r-1)\delta-\frac{r^2(k-1)n}{4(r+1)(n-r-1)}$, then $H$ is $k$-edge-connected. %$\kappa\u27(H)\ge k$. Some discussions are displayed in the last chapter. We extend the well-known Thomassen Conjecture that every 4-connected line graph is Hamiltonian to hypergraphs. The $(s,t)$-supereulerianicity of hypergraphs is another interesting topic to be investigated in the future

Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Optimal Networks Topologies IWONT 2010

Peer Reviewe

A bound on connectivity of iterated line graphs

For simple connected graphs that are neither paths nor cycles, we define l(G) = max{m: G has a divalent path of length m that is not both of length 2 and in a K3}, where a divalent path is a path whose internal vertices have degree two in G. Let G be a graph and Ln(G) be its n-th iterated line graph of G. We use (Formula Presented) and κ(G) for the essential edge connectivity and vertex connectivity of G, respectively. Let G be a simple connected graph that is not a path, a cycle or K1,3, with l(G) = l ≥ 1. We prove that (i) for integers (Formula Presented) (ii) for integers (Formula Presented). The bounds are best possible