What your Facebook Profile Picture Reveals about your Personality

People spend considerable effort managing the impressions they give others. Social psychologists have shown that people manage these impressions differently depending upon their personality. Facebook and other social media provide a new forum for this fundamental process; hence, understanding people's behaviour on social media could provide interesting insights on their personality. In this paper we investigate automatic personality recognition from Facebook profile pictures. We analyze the effectiveness of four families of visual features and we discuss some human interpretable patterns that explain the personality traits of the individuals. For example, extroverts and agreeable individuals tend to have warm colored pictures and to exhibit many faces in their portraits, mirroring their inclination to socialize; while neurotic ones have a prevalence of pictures of indoor places. Then, we propose a classification approach to automatically recognize personality traits from these visual features. Finally, we compare the performance of our classification approach to the one obtained by human raters and we show that computer-based classifications are significantly more accurate than averaged human-based classifications for Extraversion and Neuroticism

Narrative comprehension abilities of children from low-income families : role of temperament, attention skills, and cognitive engagement.

The current study investigated narrative comprehension ability in children from low-income families by examining the contributions of temperament, attention skills, and cognitive engagement. Research has identified narrative comprehension skills as significant for successful literacy outcomes, but few studies have examined the effect of individual level characteristics on comprehension ability. As reading and pre-reading skills in children from disadvantaged homes has been shown to be lower than that of children from more privileged backgrounds, it is critical to examine the factors that contribute to comprehension skills in this population. The current study focuses on the relationships among temperament, attention network skills, cognitive engagement, and comprehension abilities of children from low-income families. A television viewing methodology was employed to assess children\u27s factual and causal comprehension as well as visual attention to the television in two conditions, one with distracter and one with no distracters. The goal of experiment one was to establish the role of temperament and attention network skills in children\u27s factual and causal comprehension performance both in the presence and absence of competing distracters. Rothbart\u27s temperament dimensions of effortful control and extraversion were used in separate analyses, along with attention network skills identified by Posner, to predict narrative comprehension performance. Findings partially supported the hypotheses, signifying the importance of effortful control for both factual and causal comprehension in the presence of distracters. Extraversion and attention skills were not significantly related to either type of comprehension in either condition. Experiment two hypothesized that cognitive engagement would significantly predict comprehension in the distracter condition after controlling for effortful control, and that cognitive engagement would be more important for causal comprehension than factual. Unexpectedly, the results showed that cognitive engagement was significantly related to factual comprehension but not causal comprehension. However, additional analyses showed that total time looking at the television was significantly related to causal comprehension in the distracter condition. The findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and applied implications and future directions in research are explored

A Phenomenological Study of Introverted Leaders

Society is comprised of individuals with different personality types who are frequently referred to as extraverted or introverted. Research has suggested individuals fall somewhere along the continuum of extraversion to introversion. Based on statistics, introverts are thought to comprise between 33% to 50% of the greater population, but introverts only comprise 4% of the management teams leading companies. The literature has vast amounts of information about leadership and extraversion but limited information about introversion and leadership. From the literature, what is not clear is how the introspective tendencies of introverted leaders may influence the strategic planning, decision making, or other associated business practices of companies. Knowing how to study the impact introverted leaders may have on business practices begins with understanding how the introverted leaders experience the workplace. This phenomenological study was conducted to describe the experiences introverted leaders have of their work environments. The study involved recorded interviews with introverted leaders of companies. The transcribed interview videos were coded which led to the identification of four themes, which are received positive feedback, were quality focused, understood the importance of relationships, and had knowledge of others\u27 different expectations. Introverted leaders can use the findings from this study to initiate discussions about their experiences with their colleagues. Businesses and organizations can use the findings from this study to evaluate the range of potential characteristics that actual leaders possess regardless of the leaders\u27 personality type

Personality, Sleep, and Mortality

Personality traits and sleep are associated with health and longevity; however, no investigation has examined whether sleep is a pathway linking personality to mortality risk. Thus, we tested this effect across a 20-year mortality follow-up period in the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) cohort (N = 3,253; M age = 47.03 years, SD = 12.39, range = 20-75), using proportional hazards in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Openness was the only trait predictor of death risk. Daytime sleepiness and short and long sleep duration also emerged as predictors of mortality risk. We found indirect effects for neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion on mortality risk through these sleep components. Our findings suggest sleep is a mechanism underlying the personality-mortality effect and has applications for personality-based health interventions

Integration Life Skills Education In History Learning With Online Learning On The Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study in SMA N 1 Boyolali)

Anderson and Krathwohl's overly rigid use of educational taxonomy led to life skills education having no clear fundamentals. This research aims to illustrate the integration of life skills in soft skills in historical learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at SMAN 1 Boyolali High School with a taxonomy of life skills education. This research is descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. The data source in this study is obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation narrated into a sentence. Furthermore, the data source is analyzed interactively through data condensation, presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study are a detailed depiction of indicators of life skills education integrated by history teachers to improve students' soft skills. The newness in this study is the use of taxonomy of life skills education that is still not widely known by teachers and educational academics

How employees’ personality traits affect the perceived psychological safety in the context of digital business transformation projects

This study explores how individual’s personality traits affect the perceptions psychological safety in a business transformation project context. The topic is motivated by the fact that roughly 70% of business transformation efforts fail to meet their desired targets and involvement characterizes successful transformation efforts. Both key concepts in the study, psychological safety and human personality, have an effect on various organizational success factors, including engagement and motivation, and this Thesis offers a novel insight to the interplay of these factors in the context of digital business transformation. The research questions addressed in this study are: 1) How do an individual's personality traits affect their perception of psychological safety in a changing work environment? 2) How can the acknowledgment of personality dimensions and their connection to psychological safety be incorporated into change management practices? Methods used in this research study are both qualitative and quantitative in nature: quantitative personality trait assessment of the big-five personality traits utilizing the mini-IPIP questionnaire and qualitative semi-structured interviews which are thematically analysed. Key findings of the study highlight the importance of two personality traits Agreeableness and Extraversion. Large-scale technology projects require adaptation within the complex socio- technical context, and the importance of employee voice behaviour emerged as a theme (associated with Extraversion) as a means for workers to keep up with the demanding and fast- paced work environment. Agreeableness trait was found to impact the perception of psychological safety via self-criticism. Across all traits one-to-one connection with both colleagues and managers was seen as the number one enabling factor for a psychologically safe team. With a few key insights found from the vast and complex relationship between organizational practices and psychological phenomena, this Thesis points a direction for future research to study further the connections between management practices, personality traits and perceptions of psychological safety

The six ways to well-being (6W-WeB): A new measure of valued action that targets the frequency and motivation for six behavioural patterns that promote well-being

Evidence suggests that the presence of positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions is beneficial. However, recent research shows that direct cognitive attempts to change how we feel can be counterproductive in the long run. Contextual Behavioural Science (CBS) based interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), limit direct attempts to change emotional states, and focus instead, on activating value-consistent behaviours. However, most measures used by CBS researchers and practitioners still focus on emotional states and reductions in symptomology, which may misfocus the client. Therefore, this thesis seeks to develop a practical, reliable, and valid measure of valued activity that can be used to guide intervention. The Six Ways to Well-Being (6W-WeB) measures the following six behaviours that are theorised to promote well-being: connecting with others, challenging oneself, giving to others, engaging in physical activity, embracing the moment, and caring for oneself. In addition, the 6W-WeB assesses the frequency of, and autonomous versus controlled motivation for, each behaviour. Study 1 focuses on the initial validation of the 6W-WeB in a sample of American adults (N1 = 1800, 60.3% female, Age: M = 40.9, SD = 13.21). Study 2 replicates the factor structure in an independent, Australian adult sample (N2 = 855, 47.3% female, Age: M = 38.16, SD = 13.35), and extends the research by assessing the barriers and enablers of valued action. Study 3 further replicates the validity of the questionnaire in two adolescent samples (N3 = 518, 100% female, Age: M = 14.29, SD = 1.46 and N4 = 185, 51.38% female, Age: M = 19.56, SD = 0.72) and tests the associations of 6W-WeB with personality traits and variables theoretically linked to each of the six behaviour domains. Study 4 combines the previously mentioned samples to maximise statistical power and test the factor structure of the 6W-WeB as well as its measurement invariance across countries, age groups, genders, and levels of psychological distress. Results indicate that the factor structure of the 6W-WeB is best represented by a xiii bifactor confirmatory factor analysis (bifactor CFA) model, which consists of three global factors, namely behaviour engagement, activity importance, and activity pressure, as well as the six behavioural domain factors. This model showed good fit to the data and the items showed adequate internal consistency in all samples. Further, the findings suggest that the subscales of the 6W-WeB are linked in expected ways to theoretically-relevant measures, and that the 6W-WeB can differentiate between individuals who meet criteria for high psychological distress and those who do not. Finally, participants’ qualitative responses provided information about the specific ways through which they engage in the six behaviour domains, and the kinds of barriers that get in the way of valued action. Overall, the results indicate that the 6W-WeB may offer treatment utility for CBS practitioners, as the 6W-WeB is consistent with the core message of CBS – engaging in valued action may enrich and benefit one’s life. The new questionnaire, developed and validated in this thesis, can help orient clients towards activating value-consistent behaviour and allow clinicians to gain a deeper understanding of what their clients care about and love doing

A finer grained approach to psychological capital and work performance

Purpose Psychological capital is a set of personal resources comprised by hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience, which previous research has supported as being valuable for general work performance. However, in today’s organizations, a multidimensional approach is required to understanding work performance, thus, we aimed to determine whether psychological capital improves proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, and also whether hope, efficiency, resilience, and optimism have a differential contribution to the same outcomes. Analyzing the temporal meaning of each psychological capital dimension, this paper theorizes the relative weights of psychological capital dimensions on proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, proposing also that higher relative weight dimensions are helpful to cope with job demands and perform well. Methodology Two survey studies, the first based on cross-sectional data and the second on two waves of data, were conducted with employees from diverse organizations, who provided measures of their psychological capital, work performance, and job demands. Data was modeled with regression analysis together with relative weights analysis. Findings Relative weights for dimensions of psychological capital were supported as having remarkable unique contributions for proficient, adaptive, and proactive behavior, particularly when job demands were high. Originality/Value We concluded that organizations facing high job demands should implement actions to enhance psychological capital dimensions; however, those actions should focus on the specific criterion of performance of interest