Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

265 p.In the era of sustainable development, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology has shown significant potential as a renewable energy source. This thesis focuses on improving the performance of the PEM fuel cell system through the use of appropriate algorithms for controlling the power interface. The main objective is to find an effective and optimal algorithm or control law for keeping the stack operating at an adequate power point. Add to this, it is intended to apply the artificial intelligence approach for studying the effect of temperature and humidity on the stack performance. The main points addressed in this study are : modeling of a PEM fuel cell system, studying the effect of temperature and humidity on the PEM fuel cell stack, studying the most common used power converters in renewable energy systems, studying the most common algorithms applied on fuel cell systems, design and implementation of a new MPPT control method for the PEM fuel cell system

Design and Implementation of Modified Zeta Converter for Solar Water Pumping Application

The linear increase in the growth of the population demands a requisite for energy resources. Knowing the loathsome truth that non-renewable sources will ultimately exhaust, the significance of renewable sources cannot be undervalued. Considering various factors, many work areas are reliant upon fossil fuels for the generation of electricity. The use of fossil fuels will increase the quality of power production but will drain one day, and industries must change to renewable sources. The earliest system that strikes a chord with regard to renewable energy is the photovoltaic (PV) energy system. In this specific circumstance, interest in solar systems is expanding step by step, and its installations are becoming broad. The implementation of the solar water pumping method used for irrigation purposes using a Zeta converter was best suited for small and minor farmers, but still, the efficiency of the system can be upgraded with the use of filters. The vantage of the ZETA converter has less result voltage ripple and smooth water pumping application. The PV-based system has reached the point where it is used in Electric vehicles by enhancing the standard operating condition of the converter under the steady and dynamic behavior of a PV system. Eventually, it can be worked considerably under minimum solar irradiance. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the signal had dominant performance in a zeta converter circuit while sign levels ripple current, and voltage on the output side was compact

Vanadium redox flow batteries: Potentials and challenges of an emerging storage technology

open4noIn this paper an overview of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery technologies, architectures, applications and power electronic interfaces is given. These systems show promising features for energy storage in smart grid applications, where the intermittent power produced by renewable sources must meet strict load requests and economical opportunities. This paper reviews the vanadium-based technology for redox flow batteries and highlights its strengths and weaknesses, outlining the research lines that aim at taking it to full commercial success.openSpagnuolo, Giovanni, Guarnieri, Massimo; Mattavelli, Paolo; Petrone, Giovanni;Guarnieri, Massimo; Mattavelli, Paolo; Petrone, Giovanni; Spagnuolo, Giovann

Modeling and Analysis of Power Processing Systems (MAPPS), initial phase 2

The overall objective of the program is to provide the engineering tools to reduce the analysis, design, and development effort, and thus the cost, in achieving the required performances for switching regulators and dc-dc converter systems. The program was both tutorial and application oriented. Various analytical methods were described in detail and supplemented with examples, and those with standardization appeals were reduced into computer-based subprograms. Major program efforts included those concerning small and large signal control-dependent performance analysis and simulation, control circuit design, power circuit design and optimization, system configuration study, and system performance simulation. Techniques including discrete time domain, conventional frequency domain, Lagrange multiplier, nonlinear programming, and control design synthesis were employed in these efforts. To enhance interactive conversation between the modeling and analysis subprograms and the user, a working prototype of the Data Management Program was also developed to facilitate expansion as future subprogram capabilities increase

Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems

The deployment of distributed renewable generation and e-mobility systems is creating a demand for improved dynamic performance, flexibility, and resilience in electrical grids. Various energy storages, such as stationary and electric vehicle batteries, together with power electronic interfaces, will play a key role in addressing these requests thanks to their enhanced functionality, fast response times, and configuration flexibility. For the large-scale implementation of this technology, the associated enabling developments are becoming of paramount importance. These include energy management algorithms; optimal sizing and coordinated control strategies of different storage technologies, including e-mobility storage; power electronic converters for interfacing renewables and battery systems, which allow for advanced interactions with the grid; and increase in round-trip efficiencies by means of advanced materials, components, and algorithms. This Special Issue contains the developments that have been published b researchers in the areas of power electronics, energy management and battery storage. A range of potential solutions to the existing barriers is presented, aiming to make the most out of these emerging technologies

New methodology to calculate DC voltage signature in n-phases TRUs under supply voltage sags

A new methodology based on the shadow projection has been developed to study any multipulse rectifier's dynamic behavior under balanced and unbalanced conditions. The proposed methodology calculates the DC average voltage and instantaneous values under balanced and unbalanced supply voltage conditions for multiphase Transformer Rectifier Units (TRUs). The calculation of the developed algorithms is more practical than the classical methods and other approaches based on Fourier series or symmetrical components that are difficult to apply under unbalanced conditions. Furthermore, classical methods are not simple to determine the limits of the integrals and calculate them to obtain the average value, so a more friendly and practical methodology has been developed to analyze rectifiers operating under supply voltage sags. This new methodology has been validated by simulation for a 12-pulse TRU in series and parallel connections, and it has also been validated for a 36-pulse TRU in parallel connection using interphase inductors. The accuracy of the calculations is validated by the experimental results for 12-pulse TRUs, series, and parallel connection, and 18-pulse TRU in series connection.This work was supported by the research project ‘‘Estabilidad de redes MVDC integrando tecnologías de energías renovables, almacenamiento de energía y convertidores de fuente de impedancia,’’ by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and European Union, under Grant RTI2018-095720-B-C33.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Design and Control of Power Converters 2019

In this book, 20 papers focused on different fields of power electronics are gathered. Approximately half of the papers are focused on different control issues and techniques, ranging from the computer-aided design of digital compensators to more specific approaches such as fuzzy or sliding control techniques. The rest of the papers are focused on the design of novel topologies. The fields in which these controls and topologies are applied are varied: MMCs, photovoltaic systems, supercapacitors and traction systems, LEDs, wireless power transfer, etc

Review on unidirectional non-isolated high gain DC-DC converters for EV sustainable DC fast charging applications

Modern electrical transportation systems require eco-friendly refueling stations worldwide. This has attracted the interest of researchers toward a feasible optimal solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. EV charging can be simply classified as Slow charging (domestic use), Fast charging and Ultrafast charging (commercial use). This study highlights recent advancements in commercial DC charging. The battery voltage varies widely from 36V to 900V according to the EVs. This study focuses on non-isolated unidirectional converters for off-board charging. Various standards and references for fast off-board charging have been proposed. Complete transportation is changed to EVs, which are charged by the grid supply obtained by burning natural fuels, contributing to environmental concerns. Sustainable charging from sustainable energy sources will make future EV completely eco-friendly transportation. The research gap in complete eco-friendly transit is located in interfacing sustainable energy sources and fast DC EV charging. The first step towards clean, eco-friendly transportation is identifying a suitable converter for bridging the research gap in this locality. A simple approach has been made to identify the suitable DC-DC converter for DC fast-charging EVs. This article carefully selected suitable topologies derived from Boost, SEPIC, Cuk, Luo, and Zeta converters for clean EV charging applications. A detailed study on the components count, voltage stress on the controlled and uncontrolled switches, voltage gain obtained, output voltage, power rating of the converters, switching frequency, efficiency obtained, and issues associated with the selected topologies are presented. The outcome of this study is presented as the research challenges or expectations of future converter topologies for charging