Assessment of Intelligence Complexity in Embedded Intelligent Real Time Systems

Intelligent systems and their applications are proliferating. Embedded Intelligent Real-Time Systems (EIRTS) are one type of intelligent system. Defining and measuring the complexity of this kind of system may help with better design, development, maintenance, and performance of EIRTS. In this paper, we propose a set of evaluation criteria to measure the complexity of Embedded Intelligent Real-Time Systems (EIRTS). We show an operationalization of the criteria with a sample EIRTS

Embedded system: enhancement of performance with new challenges and solutions

Due to the rapid development of electronic technology and requirements of electronic markets, electronic products tend to become smaller, faster, and more popular. Embedded systems have become increasingly widespread in many areas including industrial areas and our daily life. Their extensive use and integration in everyday products marks a significant evolution in information science and technology. A main trend is the proliferation of embedded systems that should work in seamless interaction while respecting real-world constraints. Technology advances and a growing field of applications have been a constant driving factor for embedded systems over the past years. However, the increasing complexity of embedded systems and the emerging trend to interconnections between them lead to new challenges. Intelligent solutions are necessary to solve these challenges and to provide reliable and secure systems to the customer under a strict time and financial budget. In this paper details the overview of the technology trends, reasons of significant change in application implementation philosophy, outlines new challenges, issues and finally presents a methodology to deal with solution

Freedom from interference among time‐triggered and angle‐triggered tasks: a powertrain case study

International audienceOver the last years, the amount of software integrated in products like cars, planes, or trains has considerably grown in order to get more intelligent, more open and more communicating embedded systems. Due to this trend, the ability to manage the software complexity while respecting the safety constraints is now key for competitiveness in industrial domains such as automotive, aeronautic or railway.To achieve this challenge, the real‐time kernel plays a major role. Unfortunately the current technologies proposed by the market are handicapped by programming models with poor or nonexistent temporal semantics. This weakness is a really blocking point to keep under control the cost and the time‐to‐ market of safety‐related and always more complex embedded systems.To address these issues, KRONO‐SAFE has extended its real‐time kernel, called KRON‐OS, in order to support aninnovative programming model enabling to mix periodic and aperiodic real‐time references while guaranteeing the freedom from interference among treatments and the determinism of system behavior on single‐core and multi‐core processors

Computing in the Blink of an Eye: Current Possibilities for Edge Computing and Hardware-Agnostic Programming

With the rapid advancements of the internet of things, systems including sensing, communication, and computation become ubiquitous. The systems that are built with these technologies are increasingly complex and therefore require more automation and intelligent decision-making, while often including contact with humans. It is thus critical that such interactions run smoothly in real time, and that the automation strategies do not introduce important delays, usually not larger than 100 milliseconds, as the blink of a human eye. Pushing the deployment of the algorithms on embedded devices closer to where data is collected to avoid delays is one of the main motivations of edge computing. Further advantages of edge computing include improved reliability and data privacy management. This work showcases the possibilities of different embedded platforms that are often used as edge computing nodes: embedded microcontrollers, embedded microprocessors, FPGAs and embedded GPUs. The embedded solutions are compared with respect to their cost, complexity, energy consumption and computing speed establishing valuable guidelines for designers of complex systems that need to make use of edge computing. Furthermore, this paper shows the possibilities of hardware-agnostic programming using OpenCL, illustrating the price to pay in efficiency when software can be easily deployed on different hardware platforms.DFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2019 - 2020 / Technische Universität Berli

Computing in the blink of an eye: Current possibilities for edge computing and hardware-agnostic programming

With the rapid advancements of the internet of things, systems including sensing, communication, and computation become ubiquitous. The systems that are built with these technologies are increasingly complex and therefore require more automation and intelligent decision-making, while often including contact with humans. It is thus critical that such interactions run smoothly in real time, and that the automation strategies do not introduce important delays, usually not larger than 100 milliseconds, as the blink of a human eye. Pushing the deployment of the algorithms on embedded devices closer to where data is collected to avoid delays is one of the main motivations of edge computing. Further advantages of edge computing include improved reliability and data privacy management. This work showcases the possibilities of different embedded platforms that are often used as edge computing nodes: embedded microcontrollers, embedded microprocessors, FPGAs and embedded GPUs. The embedded solutions are compared with respect to their cost, complexity, energy consumption and computing speed establishing valuable guidelines for designers of complex systems that need to make use of edge computing. Furthermore, this paper shows the possibilities of hardware-agnostic programming using OpenCL, illustrating the price to pay in efficiency when software can be easily deployed on different hardware platforms

FPGA based Speech Separation using IPD Features

The problem of speaker separation is an established field in science and goes back to the cocktail party problem defined in 1953. For decades, methods have been improved and developed, but the computational complexity is rarely considered just as the possibility to use hardware acceleration mechanisms. For this reason, this paper addresses the research question: how speaker separation can be realized on embedded systems by exploiting parallelization and intelligent hardware/software partitioning. For this purpose, a concept is described which uses an FPGA for parallelization to separate a speech signal from an intended direction providing a constant throughput rate. The implementation results show the independence of FPGA resources except BRAM size, proving the scalability of the concept, just as the real-time capabilities

Wearable, Modular and Intelligent Sensor Laboratory

AbstractIn this paper, a modular sensor system for recording pressure distribution, 3D-acceleration, 3D-angular velocity, temperature and humidity in a shoe insole is presented. The intelligent sensor-insole is a measurement system that can be used in medical and sport related fields. Integrated sensors record physical parameters such as acceleration and or pressure which can also be used to trigger an additional feedback system. Through intelligent and high performant electronics, the feedback system is able to operate in real time. The combination of individually miniaturized systems, wireless data transmissions and a rechargeable battery enables the system for a wide field of application such as fall prevention, training analysis and motion optimization. Robust and miniaturized hardware components as well as wireless communication technology enable real-time processing of data. Measurement data can be stored locally on the measurement device for post analysis, as well as visualized on connected mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. Aiming at using the system as a mobile and easy-to-use lab, both under laboratory conditions and in field. Applications like gait- and running analysis outside the laboratory, fall detection and activity monitoring in a home environment are possible. Due to the high performance of the system, the data pre-processing can be performed on the embedded system. Because the system supports wireless connections, it is possible to combine several of the systems to build a sensor network. Furthermore, it is possible to transmit the collected data to a cloud. The system will provide the measured data in different levels of complexity. For instance, the system is able to evaluate the data automatically and provide the results to experts such as physicians and coaches

Federated Embedded Systems – a review of the literature in related fields

This report is concerned with the vision of smart interconnected objects, a vision that has attracted much attention lately. In this paper, embedded, interconnected, open, and heterogeneous control systems are in focus, formally referred to as Federated Embedded Systems. To place FES into a context, a review of some related research directions is presented. This review includes such concepts as systems of systems, cyber-physical systems, ubiquitous computing, internet of things, and multi-agent systems. Interestingly, the reviewed fields seem to overlap with each other in an increasing number of ways