Más allá del negocio informativo. Nuevas estructuras de las empresas de información

Análisis de las nuevas estructuras de negocio de los medios de comunicación, en especial las iniciativas sin ánimo de lucro

Políticas de comunicación y medios comunitarios en Europa. Análisis de la situación en Reino Unido, Francia y Países Bajos

El objeto de estudio que se considera en este artículo es de una extraordinaria complejidad tipológica y conceptual. Por este motivo, realizamos en primer lugar una introducción para aclarar qué entendemos por medios comunitarios , término que se va imponiendo en el contexto europeo junto al de tercer sector de la comunicación. Haremos también un análisis de las políticas que en relación a este ámbito se están llevando a cabo en Reino Unido, Francia y Países Bajos. Realizamos así una aproximación histórica, para pasar después a estudiar la situación legal y real de los medios comunitarios en cada uno de ellos. Los estudios de caso se contextualizan con las políticas de la Unión Europea, cuya Comisión se muestra tibia y poco decidida a regular al respecto.The subject matter of this article is very complex from a typological and conceptual standpoint. For this reason, we will conduct an introduction to clarify what we mean by community media , one of the names adopted in the European context. We will also conduct an analysis of policies relating to community media that are being carried out in three states: United Kingdom, France and The Netherlands. In each of them, we make an historical approach and study the actual and legal situation of the sector. Previously we reviewed the policy sector of the European Union to understand the unenthusiastic position of the Commission to regulate the matter

Rethinking cultural diversity in the UK film sector:practices in community filmmaking

© The Author(s) 2017. Academic, policy and industry debates have tended to focus on the mainstream film sector when discussing cultural diversity. One of the persistent challenges for the sector has been how to diversify cultural representation and participation. This article suggests that participatory modes of community filmmaking make an important contribution to cultural diversity. Drawing on an evidence base derived from qualitative research conducted in three English regions, the article shifts the spotlight away from the mainstream and onto the margins of the film sector in order to explore more ‘bottom-up’ approaches to cultural diversity. It examines how community filmmakers interpret and engage with questions of cultural diversity and how this connects to the participatory and business practices that they adopt. The findings highlight the significance of processes of practice in how mediated cultural diversity manifests itself and the value of community filmmaking in contributing to wider cultural diversity debates and practices.The authors thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK) for funding the ‘Community Filmmaking and Cultural Diversity: Practice, Innovation and Policy project’ (2013–2014)

Los medios ciudadanos ante la digitalización en Francia y España. Una aproximación desde el derecho a comunicar

En este artículo se revisa la normativa y las reivindicaciones de los medios ciudadanos o de la sociedad civil -conocidos también como medios del tercer sector, libres y/o comunitarios- en el proceso de digitalización de la radio y la televisión hertzianas en Francia y España. En ambos países quedaron en entredicho las promesas de diversidad y cabida de nuevos canales que debía conllevar la digitalización, pues transición a la nueva tecnología ha debilitado la actividad de este sector, ya marginado en los repartos de frecuencias analógicas. Los motivos han sido tanto los costes que supone la obligación de adaptarse a los estándares técnicos como unas políticas que no han tenido en cuenta su naturaleza. La situación a junio de 2011 es la de una transición de la radio estancada por problemas técnicos y expectativas comerciales no cumplidas pero que ha puesto en alarma al sector ciudadano ya desde las primeras planificaciones. Y una transición de la televisión que en Francia ha dejado tan sólo a una de las emisoras más antiguas emitiendo en digital, y en España, las frecuencias están por planificar. Estos primeros resultados son tomados como indicadores del respeto al derecho a comunicar en ambos Estados, en un momento en que la tecnología representa una barrera, y sobre todo, tras una resolución del Parlamento Europeo (2008) instando a los Estados de la Unión Europea a regular y a promover la actividad del dicho sector como forma de democratizar los medios.Este artigo revisa os regulamentos e as exigências da mídia cidadã ou da sociedade civil -também conhecidos como mídia do terceiro setor, livre e / ou na comunidade- no processo de digitalização do rádio e da televisão terrestre em França e Espanha. Em ambos os países foram postas em causa as promessas da diversidade e acomodar novos canais que possam levar a digitalização, então a transição para a nova tecnologia enfraqueceu a atividade deste sector, tradicionalmente marginalizado nas distribuições de freqüências analógicas. Os motivos foram tanto os custos necessários para se adaptarem a normas técnicas e políticas que não têm em conta a sua natureza. A situação em junho de 2011 é uma transição do rádio estagnada devido às expectativas técnicas e comerciais não cumpridas, mas alertou o setor cidadão desde o planejamento inicial. A transição da televisão na França deixou apenas uma das mais antigas emissoras em digital, e em Espanha, sem a reserva das freqüências. Estes primeiros resultados são tomados como indicadores de respeito pelo direito de comunicar-se em ambos Estados em um momento em que a tecnologia é uma barreira, especialmente depois de uma Resolução do Parlamento Europeu (2008) instando os Estados-Membros da União Europeia a promover e regular a atividade deste sector para o avanço da democratização da mídi

On and off air: an ethnographic exploration of minority radio in Portugal

Taking a Media Anthropology’s approach to dynamics of mediated selfrepresentation in migratory contexts, this thesis starts by mapping radio initiatives produced by, for and/or with migrants in Portugal. To further explore dynamics of support of initial settlement in the country, community-making, cultural reproduction, and transnational connectivity - found both in the mapping stage and the minority media literature (e.g. Kosnick, 2007; Rigoni & Saitta, 2012; Silverstone & Georgiou, 2005) - a case study was selected: the station awarded with the first bilingual license in Portugal. The station in question caters largely to the British population presenting themselves as “expats” and residing in the Algarve. The ethnographic strategy to research it consisted of “following the radio” (Marcus, 1995) beyond the station and into the events and establishments it announces on air, so as to relate production and consumption realms. The leading research question asks how does locally produced radio play into “expats” processes of management of cultural identity – and what are the specificities of its role? Drawing on conceptualizations of lifestyle migration (Benson & O’Reilly, 2009), production of locality (Appadurai 1996) and the public sphere (Butsch, 2007; Calhoun & et al, 1992; Dahlgren, 2006), this thesis contributes to valuing radio as a productive gateway to research migrants’ construction of belonging, to inscribe a counterpoint in the field of minority media, and to debate conceptualizations of migratory categories and flows. Specifically, this thesis argues that the station fulfills similar roles to other minority radio initiatives but in ways that are specific to the population being catered to. Namely, unlike other minority stations, radio facilitates the process of transitioning between categories along on a continuum linking tourists and migrants. It also reflects and participates in strategies of reterritorialization that rest on functional and partial modes of incorporation. While contributing to sustain a translocality (Appadurai, 1996) it indexes and fosters a stance of connection that is symbolically and materially connected to the UK and other “neighborhoods” but is, simultaneously, oriented to engaging with the Algarve as “home”. Yet, besides reifying a British cultural identity, radio’s oral, repetitive and ephemeral discourse particularly trivializes the reproduction of an ambivalent stance of connection with place that is shared by other “expats”. This dynamic is related to migratory projects driven by social imaginaries fostered by international media that stimulate the search for idealized ways of living, which the radio associates with the Algarve. While recurrently localizing and validating the narrative projecting an idealized “good life”, radio amplifies dynamics among migrants that seem to reaffirm the migratory move as a good choice

The origins and development of community radio in Britain under New Labour (1997-2007)

This thesis is a study of the origins and development of Community Radio in the United Kingdom under New Labour, focusing on the decade that saw Tony Blair serving as Prime Minister between 1997 and 2007. The research contributes to an enhanced understanding of Community Radio in Britain during this period, in two ways. First, it provides a factual contribution – namely, it places into the public domain hidden testimonies and evidence about how Community Radio developed. On the basis of a sample of stations, it uses case studies to examine how, if at all, New Labour policies affected actual practice on the ground. Second, it attempts to provide an intellectual argument – namely, that Community Radio in Britain today can be understood fully only in the wider context of New Labour’s period in office. While Part I of the thesis focuses on the ideals of community radio advocacy, community media theories, British local radio practice and New Labour’s social and cultural policies, Part II discusses the realities and how the community radio sector developed its policy proposals and practices after 1997. The evolution of Community Radio is studied using a mix of qualitative methods, including the review of a consistent body of ‘grey literature’, informal data gathering, oral history interviews, and a period of observational research in a selection of three case-studies: ALL FM (Manchester), Forest FM (Verwood), and Canterbury Student Radio-CSR FM (Canterbury). The original contribution to knowledge that this thesis makes, is to demonstrate how the most important factor facilitating community radio lobbying in this period was the presence of a discourse within which the arguments of community media activists could make sense, and that led to the introduction of Community Radio as a third sector of full-time radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom

Community media in the context of European media policies

In the last three decades the emergence and development of community media across Europe has been mainly characterised by the political and social contexts at the national levels and, consequently, the sector is shaped by a range of opportunities and challenges that depend on the status of current policy, legislation and funding regimes in each country. Where at the pan-European level, since the 1970s, the Council of Europe has been supporting community media as a means for pluralism and diversity in the media, as well as a tool to promote social cohesion, in the European Union audiovisual and media policies, community media have been largely overlooked. In 2008 the Culture and Education Committee of the European Parliament promoted a report to support community media in the Union, signalling a new development pursuing to influence media policy discussion in the member states. This article aims to trace the contours of community media's route across European media policies to assess how its practice has been shaped so far and discuss the emerging issues that are likely to influence its near future. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved