26,240 research outputs found
Detection of leaf structures in close-range hyperspectral images using morphological fusion
Close-range hyperspectral images are a promising source of information in plant biology, in particular, for in vivo study of physiological changes. In this study, we investigate how data fusion can improve the detection of leaf elements by combining pixel reflectance and morphological information. The detection of image regions associated to the leaf structures is the first step toward quantitative analysis on the physical effects that genetic manipulation, disease infections, and environmental conditions have in plants. We tested our fusion approach on Musa acuminata (banana) leaf images and compared its discriminant capability to similar techniques used in remote sensing. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our fusion approach, with significant improvements over some conventional methods
Quasar Candidates in the Hubble Deep Field
We focus on the search for unresolved faint quasars and AGN in the crude
combine images using a multicolor imaging analysis that has proven very
successful in recent years. Quasar selection was carried out both in multicolor
space and in "profile space," defined as the multi-parameter space formed by
the radial profiles of the objects in the different images. By combining the
dither frames available for each filter, we were able to obtain well-sampled
radial profiles of the objects and measure their deviation from that of a
stellar source. We also generated synthetic quasar spectra in the range 1.0 < z
< 5.5 and computed expected quasar colors. We determined that the data are 90%
complete for point sources at 26.2, 28.0, 27.8, 26.8 in the F300W, F450W, F606W
and F814W filters, respectively. We find 41 compact objects in the HDF: 8
pointlike objects with colors consistent with quasars or stars, 18 stars, and
15 slightly resolved objects, 12 of which have colors consistent with quasars
or stars. We estimate the upper limit of unresolved and slightly resolved
quasars/AGNs with V < 27.0 and z < 3.5 to be 20 objects (16,200 per deg^2). We
find good agreement among authors on the number of stars and the lack of quasar
candidates with z > 3.5. We find more quasar candidates than previous work
because of our more extensive modeling and use of all of the available color
information. (abridged)Comment: We have clarified our discussion and conclusions, added some
references and removed the appendix, which is now available from the first
author. 37 pages including 10 embedded postscript figures and 6 tables. To
appear in the Feb. 99 issue of A
Formation and Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies: Spectro-Photometry from Cosmo-Chemo-Dynamical Simulations
One of the major challenges in modern astrophysics is to understand the
origin and the evolution of galaxies, the bright, massive early type galaxies
(ETGs) in particular. Therefore, these galaxies are likely to be good probes of
galaxy evolution, star formation and, metal enrichment in the early Universe.
In this context it is very important to set up a diagnostic tool able to
combine results from chemo-dynamical N-Body-TSPH (NB-TSPH) simulations of ETGs
with those of spectro-photometric population synthesis and evolution so that
all key properties of galaxies can be investigated. The main goal of this paper
is to provide a preliminary validation of the software package before applying
it to the analysis of observational data. The galaxy models in use where
calculated by the Padova group in two different cosmological scenarios: the
SCDM, and the Lambda CDM. For these models, we recover their
spectro-photometric evolution through the entire history of the Universe. We
computed magnitudes and colors and their evolution with the redshift along with
the evolutionary and cosmological corrections for the model galaxies at our
disposal, and compared them with data for ETGs taken from the COSMOS and the
GOODS databases. Starting from the dynamical simulations and photometric models
at our disposal, we created synthetic images from which we derived the
structural and morphological parameters. The theoretical results are compared
with observational data of ETGs selected form the SDSS database. The simulated
colors for the different cosmological scenarios follow the general trend shown
by galaxies of the COSMOS and GOODS. Within the redshift range considered, all
the simulated colors reproduce the observational data quite well.Comment: 28 pages, 28 figures, accepted for pubblication by A&
BVRI Surface Photometry of Isolated Spiral Galaxies
A release of multicolor broad band (BVRI) photometry for a subsample of 44
isolated spirals drawn from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG) is
presented. Total magnitudes and colors at various circular apertures, as well
as some global structural/morphological parameters are estimated. Morphology is
reevaluated through optical and sharp/filtered R band images, (B-I) color index
maps, and archive near-IR JHK images from the Two-Micron Survey. The CAS
structural parameters (Concentration, Asymmetry, and Clumpiness) were
calculated from the images in each one of the bands. The fraction of galaxies
with well identified optical/near-IR bars (SB) is 63%, while a 17% more shows
evidence of weak or suspected bars (SAB). The sample average value of the
maximum bar ellipticity is 0.4. Half of the galaxies in the sample shows rings.
We identify two candidates for isolated galaxies with disturbed morphology. The
structural CAS parameters change with the observed band, and the tendencies
they follow with the morphological type and global color are more evident in
the redder bands. In any band, the major difference between our isolated
spirals and a sample of interacting spirals is revealed in the A-S plane. A
deep and uniformly observed sample of isolated galaxies is intended for various
purposes including (i) comparative studies of environmental effects, (ii)
confronting model predictions of galaxy evolution and (iii) evaluating the
change of galaxy properties with redshift.Comment: 44 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables included. To appear in The
Astronomical Journal. For the 43 appendix figures 4.1-4.43 see
http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/~avila/Figs4.1_4.43.tar.gz (7.2 Mb tar.gz file
BVRI Surface Photometry of Isolated Spiral Galaxies
A release of multicolor broad band (BVRI) photometry for a subsample of 44
isolated spirals drawn from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG) is
presented. Total magnitudes and colors at various circular apertures, as well
as some global structural/morphological parameters are estimated. Morphology is
reevaluated through optical and sharp/filtered R band images, (B-I) color index
maps, and archive near-IR JHK images from the Two-Micron Survey. The CAS
structural parameters (Concentration, Asymmetry, and Clumpiness) were
calculated from the images in each one of the bands. The fraction of galaxies
with well identified optical/near-IR bars (SB) is 63%, while a 17% more shows
evidence of weak or suspected bars (SAB). The sample average value of the
maximum bar ellipticity is 0.4. Half of the galaxies in the sample shows rings.
We identify two candidates for isolated galaxies with disturbed morphology. The
structural CAS parameters change with the observed band, and the tendencies
they follow with the morphological type and global color are more evident in
the redder bands. In any band, the major difference between our isolated
spirals and a sample of interacting spirals is revealed in the A-S plane. A
deep and uniformly observed sample of isolated galaxies is intended for various
purposes including (i) comparative studies of environmental effects, (ii)
confronting model predictions of galaxy evolution and (iii) evaluating the
change of galaxy properties with redshift.Comment: 44 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables included. To appear in The
Astronomical Journal. For the 43 appendix figures 4.1-4.43 see
http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/~avila/Figs4.1_4.43.tar.gz (7.2 Mb tar.gz file
Structural and Photometric Classification of Galaxies - I. Calibration Based on a Nearby Galaxy Sample
In this paper we define an observationally robust, multi-parameter space for
the classification of nearby and distant galaxies. The parameters include
luminosity, color, and the image-structure parameters: size, image
concentration, asymmetry, and surface brightness. Based on an initial
calibration of this parameter space using the ``normal'' Hubble-types surveyed
by Frei et al. (1996), we find that only a subset of the parameters provide
useful classification boundaries for this sample. Interestingly, this subset
does not include distance-dependent scale parameters, such as size or
luminosity. The essential ingredient is the combination of a spectral index
(e.g., color) with parameters of image structure and scale: concentration,
asymmetry, and surface-brightness. We refer to the image structure parameters
(concentration and asymmetry) as indices of ``form.'' We define a preliminary
classification based on spectral index, form, and surface-brightness (a scale)
that successfully separates normal galaxies into three classes. We
intentionally identify these classes with the familiar labels of Early,
Intermediate, and Late. This classification, or others based on the above four
parameters can be used reliably to define comparable samples over a broad range
in redshift. The size and luminosity distribution of such samples will not be
biased by this selection process except through astrophysical correlations
between spectral index, form, and surface-brightness.Comment: to appear in AJ (June, 2000); 34 pages including 4 tables and 12
figure
Radial distribution of stars, gas and dust in SINGS galaxies. I. Surface photometry and morphology
We present ultraviolet through far-infrared surface brightness profiles for
the 75 galaxies in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS). The
imagery used to measure the profiles includes GALEX UV data, optical images
from KPNO, CTIO and SDSS, near-IR data from 2MASS, and mid- and far-infrared
images from Spitzer. Along with the radial profiles, we also provide
multi-wavelength asymptotic magnitudes and several non-parametric indicators of
galaxy morphology: the concentration index (C_42), the asymmetry (A), the Gini
coefficient (G) and the normalized second-order moment of the brightest 20% of
the galaxy's flux (M_20). Our radial profiles show a wide range of morphologies
and multiple components (bulges, exponential disks, inner and outer disk
truncations, etc.) that vary not only from galaxy to galaxy but also with
wavelength for a given object. In the optical and near-IR, the SINGS galaxies
occupy the same regions in the C_42-A-G-M_20 parameter space as other normal
galaxies in previous studies. However, they appear much less centrally
concentrated, more asymmetric and with larger values of G when viewed in the UV
(due to star-forming clumps scattered across the disk) and in the mid-IR (due
to the emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at 8.0 microns and very hot
dust at 24 microns).Comment: 66 pages in preprint format, 14 figures, published in ApJ. The
definitive publisher authenticated version is available online at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/156
Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations of Eight GOODS-South AGN at z~1
We present a pilot study of the stellar populations of 8 AGN hosts at z~1 and
compare to (1) lower redshift samples and (2) a sample of nonactive galaxies of
similar redshift. We utilize K' images in the GOODS South field obtained with
the laser guide star adaptive optics (LGSAO) system at Keck Observatory. We
combine this K' data with B, V, i, and z imaging from the ACS on HST to give
multi-color photometry at a matched spatial resolution better than 100 mas in
all bands. The hosts harbor AGN as inferred from their high X-ray luminosities
(L_X > 10^42 ergs/s) or mid-IR colors. We find a correlation between the
presence of younger stellar populations and the strength of the AGN, as
measured with [OIII] line luminosity or X-ray (2-10 keV) luminosity. This
finding is consistent with similar studies at lower redshift. Of the three Type
II galaxies, two are disk galaxies and one is of irregular type, while in the
Type I sample there only one disk-like source and four sources with smooth,
elliptical/spheroidal morphologies. In addition, the mid-IR SEDs of the strong
Type II AGN indicate that they are excited to LIRG (Luminous InfraRed Galaxy)
status via galactic starbursting, while the strong Type I AGN are excited to
LIRG status via hot dust surrounding the central AGN. This supports the notion
that the obscured nature of Type II AGN at z~1 is connected with global
starbursting and that they may be extincted by kpc-scale dusty features that
are byproducts of this starbursting.Comment: 56 pages, 39 figures, accepted to A
Catalog of Galaxy Morphology in Four Rich Clusters: Luminosity Evolution of Disk Galaxies at 0.33<z<0.83
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of four rich, X-ray luminous, galaxy
clusters (0.33<z<0.83) is used to produce quantitative morphological
measurements for galaxies in their fields. Catalogs of these measurements are
presented for 1642 galaxies brighter than F814W(AB)=23.0 . Galaxy luminosity
profiles are fitted with three models: exponential disk, de Vaucouleurs bulge,
and a disk-plus-bulge hybrid model. The best fit is selected and produces a
quantitative assessment of the morphology of each galaxy: the principal
parameters derived being B/T, the ratio of bulge to total luminosity, the scale
lengths and half-light radii, axial ratios, position angles and surface
brightnesses of each component. Cluster membership is determined using a
statistical correction for field galaxy contamination, and a mass normalization
factor (mass within boundaries of the observed fields) is derived for each
cluster. In the present paper, this catalog of measurements is used to
investigate the luminosity evolution of disk galaxies in the rich-cluster
environment. Examination of the relations between disk scale-length and central
surface brightness suggests, under the assumption that these clusters represent
a family who share a common evolutionary history and are simply observed at
different ages, that there is a dramatic change in the properties of the small
disks (h < 2 kpc). This change is best characterized as a change in surface
brightness by about 1.5 magnitude between z=0.3 and z=0.8 with brighter disks
at higher redshifts.Comment: 53 pages, including 13 figures and 7 tables. Accepted for publication
in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Serie
Size growth of red-sequence early-type galaxies in clusters in the last 10 Gyr
We carried out a photometric and structural analysis in the rest-frame
band of a mass-selected () sample of red-sequence
galaxies in 14 galaxy clusters, 6 of which are at . To this end, we
reduced/analyzed about 300 orbits of multicolor images taken with the Advanced
Camera for Survey and the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope. We
uniformly morphologically classified galaxies from to , and
we homogeneously derived sizes (effective radii) for the entire sample.
Furthermore, our size derivation allows, and therefore is not biased by, the
presence of the usual variety of morphological structures seen in early-type
galaxies, such as bulges, bars, disks, isophote twists, and ellipiticy
gradients. By using such a mass-selected sample, composed of 244 red-sequence
early-type galaxies, we find that the of the galaxy size at a fixed
stellar mass, has increased with time at a rate of
dex per Gyr over the last 10 Gyr, in marked contrast with the
threefold increase found in the literature for galaxies in the general field
over the same period. This suggests, at face value, that secular processes
should be excluded as the primary drivers of size evolution because we observed
an environmental environmental dependent size growth. Using spectroscopic ages
of Coma early-type galaxies we also find that recently quenched early-type
galaxies are a numerically minor population not different enough in size to
alter the mean size at a given mass, which implies that the progenitor bias is
minor, i.e., that the size evolution measured by selecting galaxies at the
redshift of observation is indistinguishable from the one that compares
ancestors and descendents.Comment: A&A 593, A2 (2016) after revision of the z=1.63 cluster name,
mis-typed in previous version. No result of our paper is affected by having
mis-typed the cluster nam
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