3,479 research outputs found
Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder Modulators for 100 Gbit/s On-Off Keying
Electro-optic modulators for high-speed on-off keying (OOK) are key
components of short- and mediumreach interconnects in data-center networks.
Besides small footprint and cost-efficient large-scale production, small drive
voltages and ultra-low power consumption are of paramount importance for such
devices. Here we demonstrate that the concept of silicon-organic hybrid (SOH)
integration is perfectly suited for meeting these challenges. The approach
combines the unique processing advantages of large-scale silicon photonics with
unrivalled electro-optic (EO) coefficients obtained by molecular engineering of
organic materials. In our proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate
generation and transmission of OOK signals with line rates of up to 100 Gbit/s
using a 1.1 mm-long SOH Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) which features a
{\pi}-voltage of only 0.9 V. This experiment represents not only the first
demonstration of 100 Gbit/s OOK on the silicon photonic platform, but also
leads to the lowest drive voltage and energy consumption ever demonstrated at
this data rate for a semiconductor-based device. We support our experimental
results by a theoretical analysis and show that the nonlinear transfer
characteristic of the MZM can be exploited to overcome bandwidth limitations of
the modulator and of the electric driver circuitry. The devices are fabricated
in a commercial silicon photonics line and can hence be combined with the full
portfolio of standard silicon photonic devices. We expect that high-speed
power-efficient SOH modulators may have transformative impact on short-reach
optical networks, enabling compact transceivers with unprecedented energy
efficiency that will be at the heart of future Ethernet interfaces at Tbit/s
data rates
Electrically packaged silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) I/Q-modulator for 64 GBd operation
Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) electro-optic (EO) modulators combine small
footprint with low operating voltage and hence low power dissipation, thus
lending themselves to on-chip integration of large-scale device arrays. Here we
demonstrate an electrical packaging concept that enables high-density
radio-frequency (RF) interfaces between on-chip SOH devices and external
circuits. The concept combines high-resolution
printed-circuit boards with technically simple metal wire bonds and is amenable
to packaging of device arrays with small on-chip bond pad pitches. In a set of
experiments, we characterize the performance of the underlying RF building
blocks and we demonstrate the viability of the overall concept by generation of
high-speed optical communication signals. Achieving line rates (symbols rates)
of 128 Gbit/s (64 GBd) using quadrature-phase-shiftkeying (QPSK) modulation and
of 160 Gbit/s (40 GBd) using 16-state quadrature-amplitudemodulation (16QAM),
we believe that our demonstration represents an important step in bringing SOH
modulators from proof-of-concept experiments to deployment in commercial
environments
Integrated GHz silicon photonic interconnect with micrometer-scale modulators and detectors
We report an optical link on silicon using micrometer-scale ring-resonator
enhanced silicon modulators and waveguide-integrated germanium photodetectors.
We show 3 Gbps operation of the link with 0.5 V modulator voltage swing and 1.0
V detector bias. The total energy consumption for such a link is estimated to
be ~120 fJ/bit. Such compact and low power monolithic link is an essential step
towards large-scale on-chip optical interconnects for future microprocessors
Broadband energy-efficient optical modulation by hybrid integration of silicon nanophotonics and organic electro-optic polymer
Silicon-organic hybrid integrated devices have emerging applications ranging
from high-speed optical interconnects to photonic electromagnetic-field
sensors. Silicon slot photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) filled with
electro-optic (EO) polymers combine the slow-light effect in PCWs with the high
polarizability of EO polymers, which promises the realization of
high-performance optical modulators. In this paper, a broadband,
power-efficient, low-dispersion, and compact optical modulator based on an EO
polymer filled silicon slot PCW is presented. A small voltage-length product of
V{\pi}*L=0.282Vmm is achieved, corresponding to an unprecedented record-high
effective in-device EO coefficient (r33) of 1230pm/V. Assisted by a backside
gate voltage, the modulation response up to 50GHz is observed, with a 3-dB
bandwidth of 15GHz, and the estimated energy consumption is 94.4fJ/bit at
10Gbit/s. Furthermore, lattice-shifted PCWs are utilized to enhance the optical
bandwidth by a factor of ~10X over other modulators based on
non-band-engineered PCWs and ring-resonators.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, SPIE Photonics West Conference 201
Ultrafast electrooptic dual-comb interferometry
The femtosecond laser frequency comb has enabled the 21st century revolution
in optical synthesis and metrology. A particularly compelling technique that
relies on the broadband coherence of two laser frequency combs is dual-comb
interferometry. This method is rapidly advancing the field of optical
spectroscopy and empowering new applications, from nonlinear microscopy to
laser ranging. Up to now, most dual-comb interferometers were based on
modelocked lasers, whose repetition rates have restricted the measurement speed
to ~ kHz. Here we demonstrate a novel dual-comb interferometer that is based on
electrooptic frequency comb technology and measures consecutive complex spectra
at a record-high refresh rate of 25 MHz. These results pave the way for novel
scientific and metrology applications of frequency comb generators beyond the
realm of molecular spectroscopy, where the measurement of ultrabroadband
waveforms is of paramount relevance
Antenna-coupled silicon-organic hybrid integrated photonic crystal modulator for broadband electromagnetic wave detection
In this work, we design, fabricate and characterize a compact, broadband and
highly sensitive integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on a
silicon-organic hybrid modulator driven by a bowtie antenna. The large
electro-optic (EO) coefficient of organic polymer, the slow-light effects in
the silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide (PCW), and the broadband field
enhancement provided by the bowtie antenna, are all combined to enhance the
interaction of microwaves and optical waves, enabling a high EO modulation
efficiency and thus a high sensitivity. The modulator is experimentally
demonstrated with a record-high effective in-device EO modulation efficiency of
r33=1230pm/V. Modulation response up to 40GHz is measured, with a 3-dB
bandwidth of 11GHz. The slot PCW has an interaction length of 300um, and the
bowtie antenna has an area smaller than 1cm2. The bowtie antenna in the device
is experimentally demonstrated to have a broadband characteristics with a
central resonance frequency of 10GHz, as well as a large beam width which
enables the detection of electromagnetic waves from a large range of incident
angles. The sensor is experimentally demonstrated with a minimum detectable
electromagnetic power density of 8.4mW/m2 at 8.4GHz, corresponding to a minimum
detectable electric field of 2.5V/m and an ultra-high sensitivity of
0.000027V/m Hz^-1/2 ever demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is
the first silicon-organic hybrid device and also the first PCW device used for
the photonic detection of electromagnetic waves. Finally, we propose some
future work, including a Teraherz wave sensor based on antenna-coupled
electro-optic polymer filled plasmonic slot waveguide, as well as a fully
packaged and tailgated device.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figure
- …