587,399 research outputs found

    Software Reuse in Agile Development Organizations - A Conceptual Management Tool

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    The reuse of knowledge is considered a major factor for increasing productivity and quality. In the software industry knowledge is embodied in software assets such as code components, functional designs and test cases. This kind of knowledge reuse is also referred to as software reuse. Although the benefits can be substantial, software reuse has never reached its full potential. Organizations are not aware of the different levels of reuse or do not know how to address reuse issues. This paper proposes a conceptual management tool for supporting software reuse. Furthermore the paper presents the findings of the application of the management tool in an agile development organization

    KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY – THE NEW BUSINESS TREND

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    The main trend of today's economy is a rapid transition from the production to a knowledge economy. The phenomenon has many implications on different levels: national economy level, single firm level and also personal level of any employ. Knowledge assets predominate the traditional assets such as land, capital and work. In that context the structure and organization of any firm is have been changing. Knowledge management is becoming a dominant part of a firm's management and thus it is the bases of managing a new knowledge economy. The new economy principles need a new business and market strategies to be followed by. Strategy of value innovation is taking leading role from still actual, and in certain cases successful, strategies such as cost depreciation and differentiation. Creating a radically new value and the mass-market occupation are the bases of a firm's profitable growth today. Any firm, any business activity has to be adapted to a new knowledge economy conditions if it is aiming to be successful today and in the future.knowledge economy, knowledge asset, knowledge management, value innovation

    Valuing natural assets

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    Key points New Zealand producers and consumers get much value from natural assets. Much of this value is intangible. This is a fundamental reason to make special effort to measure the value of natural assets, to make sure we make the right decisions about their use and conservation.But a key barrier to using economic valuation is the cost and uncertainty of values obtained from the variety of techniques being used. This is a real issue, to the extent that doubts are being expressed in resource management cases whether economics has much to add when considering environmental effects.To remove this barrier, valuations need to be cheaper and easier to compare. A standardised technique could provide relative values for different types of natural asset or service. This would make economic value estimates from across a range of natural asset settings more consistent.Developing a practical, reliable standardised technique would involve: building on studies done to date , showing how much economic activity depends on natural assets in a robust and comparable waycarrying out a meta - analysis, to obtain consistent and comparable value estimates for a range of ensure economic activities from economic impact studies done to datelearning how biophysical cause - and - effect relationships translate into economic value, to identify the sensitivity of econo mic activity to changes in natural assets , such as biodiversitycommissioning a stated preference study of the value of broad categories of natural assets, as a starting point for identifying value in specific situations. Decision - makers need to understand how and where economic valuation can support their decisions. Providing them with explanatory materials will help.It is important to make progress. There is currently a gap in the knowledge about the full contribution of natural assets to New Zealand’s economic well-being. This creates a risk that natural assets will be undervalued. Ecosystems and the valuable services they provide may be lost or damaged.Economic valuation of environmental assets can fill the knowledge gap. To date, non-market valuations in New Zealand do not appear to have been used much to make management choices in conservation, whether those relate to responding to pest incursions or to economic development.A less ad hoc approach to weighing up the value of natural assets can make treatment of natural assets more consistent in decisions, and increase the efficiency of use of natural resources. A better approach is needed so studies inform policy and decisions about New Zealand’s natural assets. Our proposed approach could improve understanding of the value of natural assets — giving them more consistent weight in decisions, and improving the way we manage them

    Effect audit committee financial expertise toward assets misappropriations / Nurul Aida Abd Ghani

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    This descriptive study is done to the application of an Effect of Audit Committee Financial Expertise and Assets Misappropriation. The study was carried out with the purpose to identify the audit committee financial expertise, audit committee accounting expertise, audit committee non-accounting expertise and independent member in financial expertise. This study was used the secondary data to get the data statistics about the misappropriated assets cases and the financial expertise. Then response was evaluated by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16.0. The research was analyzed descriptively and tabled as Cross-tabulation, Multiplier Linear Regression, Correlation Coefficient and Chi-Square. The finding of this study shows that the misappropriated of assets is influenced by the audit committee financial expertise, audit committee accounting expertise, audit committee non-accounting expertise and independent member in financial expertise. There are negative relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Which mean that the audit committee financial expertise, audit committee accounting expertise, audit committee non-accounting expertise and independent member in financial expertise (IV) increase, the Misappropriation of assets (DV) will decreased. Finally there are some suggestions forwarded to reduces the misappropriated of assets cases by give the knowledge to the workers about the white-collar crime la

    Smart thinking on co-creation and engagement: Searchlight on underground built heritage

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    This paper aims to explore public participation for activating underground built heritage (UBH). It describes and analyses practices of stakeholders’ engagement in different UBH assets, based on experiences gathered in the scope of the European COST Action ‘Underground4value’. It brings together five inspiring cases from Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, in which digital and mobile technologies were used as tools to improve community experiences in UBH. Thus, the paper discusses ‘smartness’ from the perspective of people and communities around cultural assets, where ‘smartness’ becomes a new connotation and a pathway to advance (local) knowledge and know-how. Therefore, this paper takes on the challenge to define a smart city as an ecosystem for people’s empowerment and participation, and, in particular, to explore social tools for creating new values in heritage placemaking—where sharing knowledge becomes a fundamental principle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Market fields structure & dynamics in industrial automation

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    There is a research tradition in the economics of standards which addresses standards wars, antitrust concerns or positive externalities from standards. Recent research has also dealt with the process characteristics of standardisation, de facto standard-setting consortia and intellectual property concerns in the technology specification or implementation phase. Nonetheless, there are no studies which analyse capabilities, comparative industry dynamics or incentive structures sufficiently in the context of standard-setting. In my study, I address the characteristics of collaborative research and standard-setting as a new mode of deploying assets beyond motivations well-known from R&D consortia or market alliances. On the basis of a case study of a leading user organisation in the market for industrial automation technology, but also a descriptive network analysis of cross-community affiliations, I demonstrate that there must be a paradoxical relationship between cooperation and competition. More precisely, I explain how there can be a dual relationship between value creation and value capture respecting exploration and exploitation. My case study emphasises the dynamics between knowledge stocks (knowledge alignment, narrowing and deepening) produced by collaborative standard setting and innovation; it also sheds light on an evolutional relationship between the exploration of assets and use cases and each firm's exploitation activities in the market. I derive standard-setting capabilities from an empirical analysis of membership structures, policies and incumbent firm characteristics in selected, but leading, user organisations. The results are as follows: the market for industrial automation technology is characterised by collaboration on standards, high technology influences of other industries and network effects on standards. Further, system integrators play a decisive role in value creation in the customer-specific business case. Standard-setting activities appear to be loosely coupled to the products offered on the market. Core leaders in world standards in industrial automation own a variety of assets and they are affiliated to many standard-setting communities rather than exclusively committed to a few standards. Furthermore, their R&D ratios outperform those of peripheral members and experience in standard-setting processes can be assumed. Standard-setting communities specify common core concepts as the basis for the development of each member's proprietary products, complementary technologies and industrial services. From a knowledge-based perspective, the targeted disclosure of certain knowledge can be used to achieve high innovation returns through systemic products which add proprietary features to open standards. Finally, the interplay between exploitation and exploration respecting the deployment of standard-setting capabilities linked to cooperative, pre-competitive processes leads to an evolution in common technology owned and exploited by the standard-setting community as a particular kind of innovation ecosystem. --standard-setting,innovation,industry dynamics and context,industrial automation

    Complementary Assets, Start-Ups and Incentives to Innovate

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    Colombo L, Dawid H. Complementary Assets, Start-Ups and Incentives to Innovate. International Journal of Industrial Organization. 2016;44:177-190.We examine to what extent market conditions facilitating start-up formation affect firms' R&D investment and profits. We consider a model in which R&D efforts of an incumbent firm generate partly tacit technological know-how embodied in a key R&D employee, who might use it to form a start-up. The availability of complementary assets influences whether new firms are created and determine expected profits for start-up's founders. A large availability of complementary assets has the direct effect that the generation of start-ups is fostered. However, as a strategic effect, the incentives of incumbents to invest in R&D may be reduced because of the increased danger of knowledge loss occurring through start-up formation. We fully characterize the effects of an increase in the availability of complementary assets, showing that counter-intuitively there are cases in which it induces an increase in incumbents' R&D investment
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