Synthetic Turf Surface Temperature Reduction and Performance Characteristics as Affected by Calcined Clay Modified Infill

Synthetic turf research plots containing crumb rubber (CR) infill were established in Knoxville, TN in 2012 and 2013. Calcined clay (CC) was amended to CR in several ratios: a 50:50 (vol vol-1) blend; a 50:50 blend with a polymer coating on CC (50 CR:50 CCC); a 15 mm layer of CC under 15 mm of CR (CR over CC); and a 15 mm layer of CC over 15 mm of CR (CC over CR). A 100% CR and a 70:30 blend of CR to sand (70 CR:30 S) were included for comparison. Surface temperature was measured in the summer of 2012 and 2013 at -10, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes following 2.8 cm of irrigation. Irrigation reduced surface temperature 60 to 85% regardless of treatment. By 30 minutes after irrigation, surface temperature increased to 74 to 102% of the temperature recorded 10 minutes prior to irrigation. Temperature on the 50 CR:50 CC and CC over CR treatments 150 minutes after irrigation were 10 to 24% and 20 to 21% lower than the hottest surfaces, which ranged from 95 to 137% of the pre-irrigation temperature. Simulated traffic was applied using the Cady Traffic Simulator for a total of 180 traffic events each year. Trends in surface hardness among treatments were inconsistent over years with values ranging from 70 to 160. CC modified infill treatments resulted in a faster increase of surface hardness with traffic compared to 100% CR and 70:30 S. Traffic affected particle size diameter of infill materials. Infill particles ranging in size from 3.35 to 1.0 mm decreased in diameter an average of 1.0 to 12.0%. Particles ranging from 1.0 to \u3c0.002 mm increased in diameter an average of 0.3 to 3.8%. This increase in size was least pronounced for the 100% and 70 CR:30 S treatments and most pronounced for treatment CC over CR. Significant temperature differences were not consistent among treatments and surface hardness with CC tended to measure higher than 100% CR and 70 CR:30 S. The results of this experiment indicate the use of CC in synthetic turf may be limited

Дослідження ущільнюваності металевих порошків при пресуванні за допомогою комплексу "ТЕНЗОР"

Розглянуто автоматизацію процесу дослідження ущільнюваності металевих порошків та їх сумішей за допомогою апаратно-програмного комплексу "ТЕНЗОР" на прикладі суміші порошків міді та хрому (Cr 30% мас.). Встановлено, що результати випробувань на ущільнення не протирічать розрахункам, які базуються на теорії пластичності, а дані, одержані при безперервному запису діаграми випробування, мають меншу розбіжність, ніж дані, отримані при дискретних значеннях навантаження.This paper deals with metallic powders and their mixtures compactibility investigation using "TENSOR" hardware-software complex with an example of Cu - Cr (30 % mass) powders mixture. It was found that compactibility test results did not conflict with calculation based on plasticity theory and data obtained during test diagram continious record had less spread that one derived from discrete load tests

Studi Penurunan Konsentrasi Khromium Dan Tembaga Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Elektroplating Artificial Dengan Metode Elektrokoagulasi

Electroplating industries produce wastewater containing heavy metals such as copper and chromium that can pollute the environment because they are toxic and harmful to human health despite a small quantity. However, they require a wastewater treatment that could decrease heavy metal waste. Electrocoagulation is the selected method because it has high ability to treat heavy metals wastewater and the equipment is simply enough. The experiments were conducted with artificial wastewater with varying concentrations of Cr 30, 40 and 50 mg/ l and Cu respectively 50, 100 and 200 mg/l. This study used an electrode type Aluminum (Al) that had distance 1.5 cm each electrode, 5 ampere current strength, sampling time every 30 minutes, time operation 360 minutes with an electrode washing every 120 minutes. From the experimental result had been obtained the best efficiency to reduce Cr and Cu occurred in minute 120 which up to 97 %. Aluminum electrode having saturation began at minute 270

Linearization of generalized interval exchange maps

A standard interval exchange map is a one-to-one map of the interval which is locally a translation except at finitely many singularities. We define for such maps, in terms of the Rauzy-Veech continuous fraction algorithm, a diophantine arithmetical condition called restricted Roth type which is almost surely satisfied in parameter space. Let $T_0$ be a standard interval exchange map of restricted Roth type, and let $r$ be an integer $\geq 2$. We prove that, amongst $C^{r+3}$ deformations of $T_0$ which are $C^{r+3}$ tangent to $T_0$ at the singularities, those which are conjugated to $T_0$ by a $C^r$ diffeomorphism close to the identity form a $C^1$ submanifold of codimension $(g-1)(2r+1) +s$. Here, $g$ is the genus and $s$ is the number of marked points of the translation surface obtained by suspension of $T_0$. Both $g$ and $s$ can be computed from the combinatorics of $T_0$.Comment: 52 pages. This version includes a new section where we explain how to adapt our result to the setting of perturbations of linear flows on translation surface

The University of Glasgow at ImageClefPhoto 2009

In this paper we describe the approaches adopted to generate the five runs submitted to ImageClefPhoto 2009 by the University of Glasgow. The aim of our methods is to exploit document diversity in the rankings. All our runs used text statistics extracted from the captions associated to each image in the collection, except one run which combines the textual statistics with visual features extracted from the provided images. The results suggest that our methods based on text captions significantly improve the performance of the respective baselines, while the approach that combines visual features with text statistics shows lower levels of improvements

Double-spiral magnetic structure of the Fe/Cr multilayer revealed by nuclear resonance scattering

We have studied the magnetization depth profiles in a [57Fe(dFe)/Cr(dCr)]x30 multilayer with ultrathin Fe layers and nominal thickness of the chromium spacers dCr 2.0 nm using nuclear resonance scattering of synchrotron radiation. The presence of a broad pure-magnetic half-order (1/2) Bragg reflection has been detected at zero external field. The joint fit of the reflectivity curves and Mossbauer spectra of reflectivity measured near the critical angle and at the "magnetic" peak reveals that the magnetic structure of the multilayer is formed by two spirals, one in the odd and another one in the even iron layers, with the opposite signs of rotation. The double-spiral structure starts from the surface with the almost antiferromagnetic alignment of the adjacent Fe layers. The rotation of the two spirals leads to nearly ferromagnetic alignment of the two magnetic subsystems at some depth, where the sudden turn of the magnetic vectors by ~180 deg (spin-flop) appears, and both spirals start to rotate in opposite directions. The observation of this unusual double-spiral magnetic structure suggests that the unique properties of giant magneto-resistance devices can be further tailored using ultrathin magnetic layers.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure