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    ЭмпиричСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ помСхоустойчивости сигналов Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляции

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    Высокая ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… радиотСхничСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ…. Π£Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ свойств Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… сигналов связана с сохранСниСм нСпрСрывности ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ смСнС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… посылок Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ символа. ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· всСго ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ класса сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй наибольшСС распространСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… сигналов частотной модуляциСй с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом. Однако это Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ СдинствСнныС прСдставитСли класса сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ свойством высокой ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ компактности. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ интСрСсныС сигналы этого класса, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ посрСдством Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляции. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ аналитичСскиС выраТСния ΠΈΡ… синтСза, обоснована ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ классу сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ исслСдованы Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ свойства Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ МБЭ-R SM.328-11 для синтСза сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ частотныС Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ сигналов с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом Π² сравнСнии сигналами с Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ манипуляциСй. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ этапы аналитичСского Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ помСхоустойчивости сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ вСроятности Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ошибки Π½Π° основС эмпиричСского ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Показана ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ с извСстным Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ для сигналов с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ исслСдования разностной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ошибки аппроксимации (ошибка порядка 10-3), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ прСдставлСниС Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ сигналам с Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ сигналы ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокими свойствами помСхоустойчивости ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ сигналам с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом (порядка 0,5 Π΄Π‘ ΠΏΠΎ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽ ошибки 10-5). Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π½Π° основС исслСдования Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ различия, опрСдСляСмых Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ символами ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ значСниям Β«1Β» ΠΈ Β«0Β». ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ направлСния дальнСйшСго исслСдования

    ЭмпиричСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ помСхоустойчивости сигналов Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляции

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    The high spectral efficiency of signals with continuous phase modulation (CPM) has determined their popularity and active use in various radio engineering projects. The uniqueness of the properties of CPM signals is associated with the preservation of the continuity of their phase when changing information messages for the duration of a symbol. At the same time, until recently, of the entire wide class of signals with continuous phase modulation, the most widespread were various variations, the so-called Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) signals. However, these are far from the only representatives of the class of CPM signals with the property of high spectral compactness. This article examines no less interesting signals of this class, formed by means of Dual Phase Modulation (DPM). In particular, analytical expressions of their synthesis are presented, their belonging to the class of CPM signals is substantiated. In addition, the article investigates the temporal properties of the phase function recommended by ITU-R SM.328-11 for the synthesis of signals with continuous phase modulation, presents the time and frequency fragments of MSK signals in comparison with signals with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). The stages of the analytical derivation of the model of noise immunity of PCM signals in terms of the probability of a bit error based on an empirical approach are presented. The generality of the obtained model with the known expression for MSK signals is shown by studying the difference function of the approximation error (error of the order of 10-3), which made it possible to obtain a more compact representation of the developed model in relation to DPM signals. It has been proven that DPM signals have higher noise immunity properties in relation to MSK signals (about 0.5 dB at an error level of 10-5), using the results of studying the difference functions determined by the difference between the signal symbols corresponding to the information values "1" and "0". The directions of further research are determined.Высокая ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… радиотСхничСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ…. Π£Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ свойств Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… сигналов связана с сохранСниСм нСпрСрывности ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ смСнС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… посылок Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ символа. ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· всСго ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ класса сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй наибольшСС распространСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… сигналов частотной модуляциСй с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом. Однако это Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ СдинствСнныС прСдставитСли класса сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ свойством высокой ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ компактности. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ интСрСсныС сигналы этого класса, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ посрСдством Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляции. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ аналитичСскиС выраТСния ΠΈΡ… синтСза, обоснована ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ классу сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ исслСдованы Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ свойства Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ МБЭ-R SM.328-11 для синтСза сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ частотныС Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ сигналов с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом Π² сравнСнии сигналами с Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ манипуляциСй. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ этапы аналитичСского Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ помСхоустойчивости сигналов с Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ вСроятности Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ошибки Π½Π° основС эмпиричСского ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Показана ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ с извСстным Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ для сигналов с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ исслСдования разностной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ошибки аппроксимации (ошибка порядка 10-3), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ прСдставлСниС Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ сигналам с Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ модуляциСй. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ сигналы ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокими свойствами помСхоустойчивости ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ сигналам с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сдвигом (порядка 0,5 Π΄Π‘ ΠΏΠΎ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽ ошибки 10-5). Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π½Π° основС исслСдования Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ различия, опрСдСляСмых Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ символами ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ значСниям Β«1Β» ΠΈ Β«0Β». ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ направлСния дальнСйшСго исслСдования

    Proceedings of the Mobile Satellite Conference

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    A satellite-based mobile communications system provides voice and data communications to mobile users over a vast geographic area. The technical and service characteristics of mobile satellite systems (MSSs) are presented and form an in-depth view of the current MSS status at the system and subsystem levels. Major emphasis is placed on developments, current and future, in the following critical MSS technology areas: vehicle antennas, networking, modulation and coding, speech compression, channel characterization, space segment technology and MSS experiments. Also, the mobile satellite communications needs of government agencies are addressed, as is the MSS potential to fulfill them

    Band sharing and satellite diversity techniques for CDMA.

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    High levels of interference between satellite constellation systems, fading and shadowing are a major problem for the successful performance of communication systems using the allocated L/S frequency bands for Non-Geostationary Earth Orbit (NGEO) satellites. As free spectrum is nonexistent, new systems wishing to operate in this band must co-exist with other users, both satellite and terrestrial. This research is mainly concerned with two subjects. Firstly, band sharing between different systems Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) has been evaluated for maximizing capacity and optimising efficiency of using the spectrum available. For the case of widened channel bandwidth of the CDMA channel, the overlapping was tested under different degrees of channel overlap and different orders of filters. The best result shows that at the optimum degree of channel overlap, capacity increases by up to 21%. For the case of fixed channel bandwidth, the optimum overlapping between CDMA systems depends on the filtering Roll-off factor and achieves an improvement of the spectrum efficiency of up to 13.4%. Also, for a number of narrowband signal users sharing a CDMA channel, the best location of narrowband signals to share spectrum with a CDMA system was found to be at the edge of the CDMA channel. Simulation models have been constructed and developed which show the combination of DS- CDMA techniques, forward error correction (FEC) code techniques and satellite diversity with Rake receiver for improving performance of interference, fading and shadowing under different environments. Voice activity factor has been considered to reduce the effect of multiple access interference (MAI). The results have shown that satellite diversity has a significant effect on the system performance and satellite diversity gain achieves an improvement up to 6dB. Further improvements have been achieved by including concatenated codes to provide different BER for different services. Sharing the frequency band between a number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation systems is feasible and very useful but only for a limited number of LEOS satellite CDMA based constellations. Furthermore, satellite diversity is an essential factor to achieve a satisfactory level of service availability, especially for urban and suburban environments

    Synchronisation in sampled receivers for narrowband digital modulation schemes.

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    SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN0033576 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

    Storia delle telecomunicazioni

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    Focusing on the history of scientific and technological development over recent centuries, the book is dedicated to the history of telecommunications, where Italy has always been in the vanguard, and is presented by many of the protagonists of the last half century. The book is divided into five sections. The first, dealing with the origins, starts from the scientific bases of the evolution of telecommunications in the nineteenth century (Bucci), addressing the developments of scientific thought that led to the revolution of the theory of fields (Morando), analysing the birth of the three fundamental forms of communication – telegraph (Maggi), telephone (Del Re) and radio (Falciasecca) – and ending with the contribution made by the Italian Navy to the development of telecommunications (Carulli, Pelosi, Selleri, Tiberio). The second section, on technical and scientific developments, presents the numerical processing of signals (Rocca), illustrating the genesis and metamorphosis of transmission (Pupolin, Benedetto, Mengali, Someda, Vannucchi), network packets (Marsan, Guadagni, Lenzini), photonics in telecommunications (Prati) and addresses the issue of research within the institutions (Fedi-Morello), dwelling in particular on the CSELT (Mossotto). The next section deals with the sectors of application, offering an overview of radio, television and the birth of digital cinema (Vannucchi, Visintin), military communications (Maestrini, Costamagna), the development of radar (Galati) and spatial telecommunications (Tartara, Marconicchio). Section four, on the organisation of the services and the role of industry, outlines the rise and fall of the telecommunications industries in Italy (Randi), dealing with the telecommunications infrastructures (Caroppo, Gamerro), the role of the providers in national communications (Gerarduzzi), the networks and the mobile and wireless services (Falciasecca, Ongaro) and finally taking a look towards the future from the perspective of the last fifty years (Vannucchi). The last section, dealing with training and dissemination, offers an array of food for thought: university training in telecommunications, with focus on the evolution of legislation and on the professional profiles (Roveri), social and cultural aspects (Longo and Crespellani) as well as a glance over the most important museums, collections and documentary sources for telecommunications in Italy (Lucci, Savini, Temporelli, Valotti). The book is designed to offer a compendium comprising different analytical approaches, and aims to foster an interest in technology in the new generations, in the hope of stimulating potentially innovative research
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