17,278,468 research outputs found
Complexity and integrability in 4D bi-rational maps with two invariants
In this letter we give fourth-order autonomous recurrence relations with two
invariants, whose degree growth is cubic or exponential. These examples
contradict the common belief that maps with sufficiently many invariants can
have at most quadratic growth. Cubic growth may reflect the existence of
non-elliptic fibrations of invariants, whereas we conjecture that the
exponentially growing cases lack the necessary conditions for the applicability
of the discrete Liouville theorem.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Inferentials in spoken English
Although there is a growing body of research on inferential sentences (Declerck 1992, Delahunty 1990, 1995, 2001, Koops 2007, Pusch 2006), most of this research has been on their forms and functions in written discourse. This has left a gap with regards to their range of structural properties and allowed disagreement over their analysis to linger without a conclusive resolution. Most accounts regard the inferential as a type of it-cleft (Declerck 1992, Delahunty 2001, Huddleston and Pullum 2002, Lambrecht 2001), while a few view it as an instance of extraposition (Collins 1991, Schmid 2009). More recently, Pusch's work in Romance languages proposes the inferential is used as a discourse marker (2006, forthcoming). Based on a corpus study of examples from spoken New Zealand English, the current paper provides a detailed analysis of the formal and discoursal properties of several sub-types of inferentials (positive, negative, as if and like inferentials). We show that despite their apparent formal differences from the prototypical cleft, inferentials are nevertheless best analysed as a type of cleft, though this requires a minor reinterpretation of âcleft construction.â We show how similar the contextualized interpretations of clefts and inferentials are and how these are a function of their lexis and syntax
The microbial zoo in the C. elegans intestine: Bacteria, fungi and viruses
Press freedom has become one of the major challenges facing Journalism practice in the world. This paper explores the factors hindering press freedom in Nigeria using some relevant examples. The researcher used the qualitative method of research; using secondary data comprising of books and journals. The study is embedded on social responsibility theory. The study reveals that there are a lot of factors in Nigeria that hinders press freedom ranging from secrecy, legal pressure, direct censorship and force among others. Findings also reveal that Nigerian press freedom is a paradox and only exist on paper i.e. in the constitution but not in practice. The study recommends that since press freedom is granted in the constitution of Nigeria, there should be statutory backup and in order not to hinder press freedom, journalist should be allowed to have access to government sources and records so long as it will not bring chaos to the society at large
Unusual metal-coordinated zwitterionic P-C-N-C-N-C phosphido adducts
Rare examples of homodinuclear zwitterionic PdII and PtII complexes
with bridging, two-coordinate P{cyclo-CH2N(R)CHN-
(R)CH2} ligands (R = 4-FC6H4CH2, C6H5CH2) have been
characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron
radiation. Short N-C distances and enlarged N-C-N bond
angles support electron delocalization in the central N-C-N
backbone
Measurement of the ratio Gamma(K_L -> gamma gamma)/Gamma(K_L -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0) with the KLOE detector
We have measured the ratio R=Gamma(K_L -> gamma gamma)/ \Gamma(K_L -> 3 pi^0)
using the KLOE detector. From a sample of ~ 10^9 phi-mesons produced at DAFNE,
the Frascati phi-factory, we select ~ 1.6 10^8 K_L-mesons tagged by observing
K_S -> pi^+ pi^- following the reaction e^+ e^- -> phi -> K_L K_S. From this
sample we select 27,375 K_L -> gamma gamma events and obtain R = (2.79 \pm
0.02_{stat} \pm 0.02_{syst}) \times 10^{-3}. Using the world average value for
BR(K_{L} -> 3 pi^0), we obtain BR(K_{L} -> gamma gamma) = (5.89 \pm 0.07 \pm
0.08) \times 10^{-4} where the second error is due to the uncertainty on the 3
pi^0 branching fraction.Comment: 14 page
Community-based initiatives in response to the OVC crisis in North Central Uganda
In response to the orphan crisis, a number of community initiatives have proliferated to enhance service delivery to OVCs (Orphans and other Vulnerable Children). Part of the literature paints a bleak and pessimistic picture: it believes that community based support interventions anchored on the family are faltering under the weight of increasing number of orphans; while others argue that communities are innovative and resilient to the extent that they have devised new coping strategies. The paper shows how OVC community responses in Northern Uganda are under severe pressure from a range of factors; but how these community initiatives are not collapsing â as the âsocial ruptureâ thesis predicts. Instead, these community initiatives are dynamic and constantly evolving through various mechanisms to respond to the challenges of meeting the needs of the orphans. The paper shows how some of these initiatives are more successful than others in doing so.
From Property Rights and Institutions, to Beliefs and Social Orders : Revisiting Douglass Northâs Approach to Development
Douglass North is a uniquely creative and inspiring social scientist. The impact of Northâs ideas in the area development cooperation can hardly be overstated. By stressing the role of institutions, this scholar has immensely influenced development thinking and practice, providing intellectual underpinnings to the dominant good governance paradigm. Northâs landmark Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance is one of the most cited books in the social sciences. This paper contends, however, that Northâs ideas are widely cited, but not always properly understood. Moreover, some of his core arguments have been overlooked, ignored, or misrepresented, not least by the aid community. This paper provides a systematic assessment of the content and evolution of Northâs writings, from his pioneering works on property rights and institutions in the 1970s, to his recent scholarship on beliefs and political violence. The focus is on identifying the key analytical problems and remaining challenges of the institutional approach to development. The paper also takes issue with the inconsistencies and policy gaps of the good governance consensus. In doing so, it also reflects upon the future of the research program on institutions and development. Would the renewed emphasis on politics, conflict, inequality, and context lead to an improved governance agenda or to a shift towards a post-institutionalist paradigm?
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