Biomechanics and Remodelling for Design and Optimisation in Oral Prosthesis and Therapeutical Procedure

The purpose of dental prostheses is to restore the oral function for edentulous patients. Introducing any dental prosthesis into mouth will alter biomechanical status of the oral environment, consequently inducing bone remodelling. Despite the advantageous benefits brought by dental prostheses, the attendant clinical complications and challenges, such as pain, discomfort, tooth root resorption, and residual ridge reduction, remain to be addressed. This thesis aims to explore several different dental prostheses by understanding the biomechanics associated with the potential tissue responses and adaptation, and thereby applying the new knowledge gained from these studies to dental prosthetic design and optimisation. Within its biomechanics focus, this thesis is presented in three major clinical areas, namely prosthodontics, orthodontics and dental implantology. In prosthodontics, the oral mucosa plays a critical role in distributing occlusal forces a denture to the underlying bony structure, and its response is found in a complex, dynamic and nonlinear manner. It is discovered that interstitial fluid pressure in mocosa is the most important indicator to the potential resorption induced by prosthetic denture insertion, and based on this finding, patient-specific analysis is performed to investigate the effects caused by various types of dentures and prediction of the bone remodelling activities. In orthodontic treatments, a dynamic algorithm is developed to analyse and predict potential bone remodelling around the target tooth during orthodontic treatment, thereby providing a numerical approach for treatment planning. In dental implantology, a graded surface morphology of an implant is designed to improve osseointegration over that of a smooth uniform surface in both the short and long term. The graded surface can be optimised to achieve the best possible balance between the bone-implant contact and the peak Tresca stress for the specific clinical application need

Management of bone defects with Bio-oss

Introduction: The defects in the alveolar bone might appear as a result of congenital malformations, traumatic injuries, periodontal disease, surgical traumas, chronic periapical changes and tumors from benign or malignant origin. The aim of this study was to provide solid and healthy area with application of Bio-Oss in the defect. Materials and methods: Based on the clinical diagnosisestablished by previously taken history, clinical examination and radiographic images oral-surgery interventions was made. To realize the aim of this work, augmentative material was implicated in the bone defects made in the patients after removal of follicular cyst, chronic periapical lesion, and parodontopathia. During the first and seventh day of the interventions, the patients have been followed through from aspect of possible development of local and general complications after the oral-surgery intervention. After period of one, three and six mount control x-ray was made. Results: Obtained results confirmed that: volume of the socket and defect of the bone was kept, fast revascularization was achieved, bone formation and slow resorption of the augmentative material was achieved, and period of normal healing without infection was also achieved. Conclusions: The augmentative materials used for treatment of bone defects besides their basic chemical and physical characteristics referring to their solubility in the body fluids, the transformation, modulation and resorption must be completely safe or secure, i.e. not to bring any risk of infection, immunological risk, physiological intolerance or inhibition of the process of restitutio ad integrum. In our study Bio-Oss was confirmed as augmentative material who had this characteristics. Keywords: bone defect, resorption of the bone, augmentative material, Bio-Os

Issues in Contemporary Orthodontics

Issues in Contemporary Orthodontics is a contribution to the ongoing debate in orthodontics, a discipline of continuous evolution, drawing from new technology and collective experience, to better meet the needs of students, residents, and practitioners of orthodontics. The book provides a comprehensive view of the major issues in orthodontics that have featured in recent debates. Abroad variety of topics is covered, including the impact of malocclusion, risk management and treatment, and innovation in orthodontics

RIDGE PRESERVATION FOLLOWING TOOTH EXTRACTION

Tooth extraction initiates a complex bone modelling and remodelling process, leading to undesirable vertical and horizontal topographic changes. Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP) techniques have been developed, to promote physiological healing at the alveolus, reducing the bone and soft-tissue dimensional change, enabling future implant placement. Unfortunately, the outcomes associated with ARP procedures are inconclusive. The PhD was designed to compare linear and cross-sectional alveolar ridge dimensions, mucosal characteristic, composition of new bone and implant outcomes measures, following ARP. Unassisted socket healing acted as the Control. The study used two systematic reviews, to answer the questions: Does ARP following tooth extraction improve implant treatment, and what are the hard and soft tissue changes following ARP at 4-months healing. The reviews indicated ARP did not affect implant success or survival in an augmented socket. Limited evidence was present, to support the benefits of ARP in reducing the requirement for bone augmentation at implant placement. ARP was associated with preservation of the alveolar ridge height and a variable reduction in alveolar ridge width. Evidence did not identify the superiority of a particular ARP technique, when evaluating bone and soft tissue dimensional changes, gingival tissue characteristics, bone healing and patient outcome measures. These observations led to the development of a single blinded, randomised controlled trial, that compared Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) and Socket Seal (SS) ARP technique, with the Control. The results indicated that GBR ARP, was effective at preserving the coronal buccal socket contour, reducing the vertical, horizontal and socket-area bone dimensions, whilst stabilising soft-tissue contours and mucosal topography. SS offered an advantage in vertical contour preservation. ARP techniques resulted in less new bone formation than the Control, with GBR requiring a reduced need for further augmentation at implant placement (ANOVA-Tukey/p<0.05). The use of an ARP technique did not affect implant success and survival

Digital Workflows and Material Sciences in Dental Medicine

The trend of digitalization is an omnipresent phenomenon nowadays – in social life and in the dental community. Advancement in digital technology has fostered research into new dental materials for the use of these workflows, particularly in the field of prosthodontics and oral implantology.CAD/CAM-technology has been the game changer for the production of tooth-borne and implant-supported (monolithic) reconstructions: from optical scanning, to on-screen designing, and rapid prototyping using milling or 3D-printing. In this context, the continuous development and speedy progress in digital workflows and dental materials ensure new opportunities in dentistry.The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the current knowledge with state-of-the-art theory and practical information on digital workflows to determine the uptake of technological innovations in dental materials science. In addition, emphasis is placed on identifying future research needs to manage the continuous increase in digitalization in combination with dental materials and to accomplish their clinical translation.This Special Issue welcomes all types of studies and reviews considering the perspectives of the various stakeholders with regard to digital dentistry and dental materials

Guided surgery and immediate loading: A digital approach

Wismeyer, D. [Promotor

Soft and hard tissues in esthetic implant dentistry: a novel 3D computer-aided approach to dimensional changes evaluation in immediate vs delayed implantation treatment

Aim of this work is to develop and to validate a structured methodology to investigate the three-dimensional variation that occurs around implants in dentistry. Surgeons need to know in an objective way if what they are doing is correct and if it is the best for the patient. In last decades implantology deeply changed the way to operate of dentists, giving to the patients new opportunities to replace missing teeth. Implantology has known a very big spread all around the world and numbers of patients treated with success is growing year by year. To know exactly what happens around implants is a growing need for clinicians. A standardized method that can investigate in an objective way what soft and hard tissues do around implants doesn’t exist yet. The solutions that researchers used in literature are various and difficult to compare each other. This work after a general discussion that follows the evolution of implantology, wants to investigate some new instruments that could lend to the comparability of results among different studies and finally to give better answers to the clinical questions. Using the method proposed in this work, soft-hard tissue variation are been evaluated from a new prospective that gave impressive results both qualitatively and quantitatively speaking. The procedure is recommended as a new aid in the future studies

Book of Abstracts 15th International Symposium on Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering and 3rd Conference on Imaging and Visualization

In this edition, the two events will run together as a single conference, highlighting the strong connection with the Taylor & Francis journals: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (John Middleton and Christopher Jacobs, Eds.) and Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization (JoãoManuel R.S. Tavares, Ed.). The conference has become a major international meeting on computational biomechanics, imaging andvisualization. In this edition, the main program includes 212 presentations. In addition, sixteen renowned researchers will give plenary keynotes, addressing current challenges in computational biomechanics and biomedical imaging. In Lisbon, for the first time, a session dedicated to award the winner of the Best Paper in CMBBE Journal will take place. We believe that CMBBE2018 will have a strong impact on the development of computational biomechanics and biomedical imaging and visualization, identifying emerging areas of research and promoting the collaboration and networking between participants. This impact is evidenced through the well-known research groups, commercial companies and scientific organizations, who continue to support and sponsor the CMBBE meeting series. In fact, the conference is enriched with five workshops on specific scientific topics and commercial software.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf