41,328 research outputs found
Numerical analysis of a reinforcement learning model with the dynamic aspiration level in the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma
Humans and other animals can adapt their social behavior in response to
environmental cues including the feedback obtained through experience.
Nevertheless, the effects of the experience-based learning of players in
evolution and maintenance of cooperation in social dilemma games remain
relatively unclear. Some previous literature showed that mutual cooperation of
learning players is difficult or requires a sophisticated learning model. In
the context of the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, we numerically examine the
performance of a reinforcement learning model. Our model modifies those of
Karandikar et al. (1998), Posch et al. (1999), and Macy and Flache (2002) in
which players satisfice if the obtained payoff is larger than a dynamic
threshold. We show that players obeying the modified learning mutually
cooperate with high probability if the dynamics of threshold is not too fast
and the association between the reinforcement signal and the action in the next
round is sufficiently strong. The learning players also perform efficiently
against the reactive strategy. In evolutionary dynamics, they can invade a
population of players adopting simpler but competitive strategies. Our version
of the reinforcement learning model does not complicate the previous model and
is sufficiently simple yet flexible. It may serve to explore the relationships
between learning and evolution in social dilemma situations.Comment: 7 figure
Inside the brain of an elite athlete: The neural processes that support high achievement in sports
Events like the World Championships in athletics and the Olympic Games raise the public profile of competitive sports. They may also leave us wondering what sets the competitors in these events apart from those of us who simply watch. Here we attempt to link neural and cognitive processes that have been found to be important for elite performance with computational and physiological theories inspired by much simpler laboratory tasks. In this way we hope to inspire neuroscientists to consider how their basic research might help to explain sporting skill at the highest levels of performance
Session 5: Development, Neuroscience and Evolutionary Psychology
Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Workshop in History and Philosophy of Biology, Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, March 23-24 2001 Session 5: Development, Neuroscience and Evolutionary Psycholog
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