Associations Between Building Information Modelling (BIM) Data and Big Data Attributes

There is a considerable effort to create and leverage digital data as the construction industry today relatively adopts innovative work processes. Among the innovative work processes getting traction these days, Building Information Modelling or BIM sits at the backbone of the industry's digital strategy with the capability to create a huge volume of digital data. Unveiling, the huge volume of digital data created by BIM processes could pave the way to leap the industry further. Big data is useful in this regard as a platform to derive potential insights from the accumulation of BIM digital data. Despite, a review carried out to understand the connection between BIM data and big data attributes suggests that the linkage between these domains is scantily mapped. Hence, a systematic mapping of these two domains is needed as a precursor for future research to establish the relationship between BIM data creation and big data progression. Using a systematic mapping approach, this paper aims to present an outcome from the analysis carried out to map both BIM data and big data attributes. The mapping analysis evidently suggests a noticeable connection among the two domains, mostly in operation and maintenance while the least is in the specification

Key dimensions of effort for building information modelling data creation

While major industries begun to embrace technologies to improve revenue and productivity, construction industry appeared to be lagging in many aspects of technology adoption. Despite the industry’s straggle, there are several innovative work processes getting traction these days where Building Information Modelling (BIM) sits at the backbone of sector’s digital strategy with the potentiality to produce voluminous data. Fortunately, the expected accumulation of huge BIM data can bring potential insights in various digital platform through proper exertion of effort especially through big data. Though the associations between BIM data and big data has been theoretically established, the effort exertion in the creation of BIM data is still in the oblivious state. Therefore, a study to relate the dimensions of effort and various BIM data is needed as a precursor for future research. The outcomes evidently depict a recognizable linkage among them in which intensity is the least related dimension while most of the BIM data related with demand

3D Cadastres Best Practices, Chapter 5: Visualization and New Opportunities

This paper proposes a discussion on opportunities offered by 3D visualization to improve the understanding and the analysis of cadastre data. It first introduce the rationale of having 3D visualization functionalities in the context of cadastre applications. Second the publication outline some basic concepts in 3D visualization. This section specially addresses the visualization pipeline as a driven classification schema to understand the steps leading to 3D visualization. In this section is also presented a brief review of current 3D standards and technologies. Next is proposed a summary of progress made in the last years in 3D cadastral visualization. For instance, user’s requirement, data and semiotics, and platforms are highlighted as main actions performed in the development of 3D cadastre visualization. This review could be perceived as an attempt to structure and emphasise the best practices in the domain of 3D cadastre visualization and as an inventory of issues that still need to be tackled. Finally, by providing a review on advances and trends in 3D visualization, the paper initiates a discussion and a critical analysis on the benefit of applying these new developments to cadastre domain. This final section discusses about enhancing 3D techniques as dynamic transparency and cutaway, 3D generalization, 3D visibility model, 3D annotation, 3D data and web platform, augmented reality, immersive virtual environment, 3D gaming, interaction techniques and time

A Light-Weight Statistical Latency Measurement Platform at Scale

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via the DOI in this recordThe statistical value of latencies between two sets of hosts over a given period, which is referred as to the statistical latency, can benefit many applications in the next-generation networks, for example, Network in a Box (NIB) based resource provisioning. However, the existing methods can hardly achieve low measurement cost and high prediction accuracy simultaneously in large-scale scenarios. In this paper, we design a light-weight statistical latency measurement platform named DMS. DMS achieves high measurement accuracy by introducing a metric space to select the closest open recursive DNS server to a given host, and predicting the end-to-end latency between two hosts via the measured latency between the two corresponding DNS servers. To reduce the overall measurement overhead, DMS clusters the hosts in the metric space with the open recursive DNS infrastructure in the network as the cluster center, thus achieving low measurement cost and good scalability in large scale simultaneously. To evaluate the performance of DMS, we implement a prototype system in the network. Compared to the widely adopted method King, DMS can reduce the relative error by 18.5% for realtime end-to-end latency prediction and 33% for statistical latency prediction.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)European Union Horizon 2020Natural Science Foundation of JiangsuLeading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Pla

NoSQL Database Modeling and Management: A Systematic Literature Review

The NoSQL databases that emerged this century were created to solve the limitations of relational database systems due to the different types of data that have appeared for information processing. In this paper, we present the results of a secondary study carried out to find and synthesize the research made up to now on modeling processes, characteristics of the used types of data, and management tools for NoSQL Databases. Currently, four types are recognized and classified according to the data model they use: key-value, document-oriented, column-based, and graph-based. With this study, it was possible to identify that the most frequently type of NoSQL database model is that of documents because it offers greater flexibility and versatility compared to the other three models. Although it offers more complex search methods, in terms of data, column and document schemas are the ones that usually describe their characteristics. It was also possible to observe a trend in the use of the column-oriented model and the document-oriented model in the management tools, and, although they all comply with the basic functionalities, the differences lie in the way in which the information is stored and the way they can be accessed

Blending Human Ware with Software and Hardware in the Design of Smart Cities

Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friendly manner. A smart city can be viewed as a holistic paradigm that avails of state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs, in other words) to advance the so-called “Internet of Things.” This aids the management of urban processes and improves the quality of life for the citizens. Smart cities are bound to keep getting “smarter” as the ICTs keep developing. While the technological factor represented by the IoT, augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, urban digital twinning, cloud computing, and mobile Internet is a driving factor unarguably, innovation in urban ecology is a vital socio-economic factor that will spur the transformation of urban areas in the world to smart cities. In this chapter, the authors answer the “what,” how, and “who,” so to say, of the paradigm—smart cities—with real-life examples and a case study. They emphasize the importance of human ware and remind readers that technology—the all-encompassing Internet of Things with its infantry of cameras, sensors, and electronic devices—though powerful, is a humble servant in the service of the inhabitants of a smart city

Virtual/Augmented Reality for infrastructure management of road networks

A gestão e manutenção das infraestruturas rodoviárias, que incluem pavimentos, sinalização vertical e horizontal, semáforos, acesso para pessoas com deficiência física, entre outros, requerem o uso de uma grande quantidade de informações sobre o histórico de manutenção e sobre a sua situação atual. Esta informação é principalmente georreferenciada e mantida em sistemas de informação geográfica para facilitar o seu acesso. No entanto, hoje em dia quase todas as informações são armazenadas em papel, o que dificulta esse mesmo acesso. Além disso, não é apenas aplicável às infraestruturas rodoviárias, mas também a todas as infraestruturas das nossas cidades.Na verdade, é necessário tornar mais inteligente o gerenciamento e a manutenção das infraestruturas, de modo a que não seja apenas mais fácil aceder aos dados, mas também prever mudanças atempadamente. Assim, é necessário monitorar continuamente as condições da infraestrutura. Ferramentas para permitir a adição de informações quando o trabalho de reparação e manutenção é realizado são também necessárias, representando um instrumento importante para a recolha de dados.Este projecto estuda as potenciais aplicações técnicas da Realidade Virtual e Aumentada (VR/AR) como suporte à gestão e manutenção das infra-estruturas rodoviárias. As aplicações desenvolvidas utilizam plataformas móveis com câmeras de vídeo para introduzir e manipular objetos virtuais, enquanto o ambiente real e as suas infraestruturas são visualizados. Assim, as apps identificam e apresentam informações sobre as infraestruturas na cena.\parDiversos estudos foram realizados para integrar da melhor forma as tecnologias Geographic Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM). Infelizmente, não há uma ontologia padrão ou algum tipo de método capaz de fazê-lo sem a perda de dados importantes. Assim, propõe-se uma nova abordagem para integrar BIM e GIS, utilizando também as tecnologias IoT e VR/AR, levando a um monitoramento mais inteligente e uma melhor visualização.Como prova de conceito, duas aplicações foram desenvolvidas. Um permite a introdução de sinais virtuais num local sem sinalização para uma melhor avaliação do posicionamento de um sinal futuro. O outro aplicativo exibe as informações sobre uma infraestrutura quando o usuário direciona a camera do seu dispositivo móvel para a infraestrutura. A outra aplicação usa um servidor, com base em dados GIS e BIM. Portanto, o modelo de dados tem uma associação com a tecnologia BIM, que descreve todas as etapas de desenvolvimento e manutenção da infraestrutura. Além disso, o sistema pode ser integrado à tecnologia IoT, que se concentra em permitir a comunicação entre todos os objetos, seja real ou virtual.As duas aplicações foram avaliadas levando em conta a definição da realidade aumentada, onde o sistema deve misturar os mundos virtual e real, ser interativo em tempo real, e os objetos reais e virtuais devem estar alinhados em 3D. Além disso, foit também avaliado se as informações exibidas sobre a infraestrutura estão corretas e se pertencem efetivamente à infraestrutura na cena, e os erros de distância associados.The management and maintenance of road infrastructures, which include pavements, vertical and horizontal signage, traffic lights, access for people with physical disabilities, among others, require the use of a vast amount of information about their maintenance history and current situation. This information is mainly geo-referenced and maintained in geographic information systems to facilitate the access to it. However, nowadays the majority of the information still is stored on paper which makes difficult the access. Furthermore, this is not only applicable to the road infrastructures but also to all the infrastructures of our cities. Indeed, it is necessary to make smarter the management and maintenance of infrastructures so that it is not only easier to access the data, but also to predict changes in due time. Thus, it is necessary to continuously monitor the conditions of the infrastructure, that is, monitor the indicators of degradation status, identification of faults or possible defects in infrastructure, among others. Tools are also needed to enable the addition of information when repair and maintenance work is performed, representing an important instrument for data collection.This project studies the potential technical applications of Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) as a support to the management and maintenance of the road infrastructures. The developed applications use mobile platforms with video cameras for introducing and manipulate virtual objects while the real environment and its infrastructures are visualized. Thereby, the apps identify and present information about the infrastructures in the scene.Several studies have been done to better integrate the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies. Unfortunately, there is no standard ontology or some kind of method capable of doing it without the loss of important data. Thereby, it is proposed a new approach for integrating BIM and GIS, also using the IoT and VR/AR technologies leading to a smarter monitoring and a better visualisation. As concept proof, two apps were developed. One allows for the introduction of virtual signals in a place without signage to a better evaluation of the future signal's positioning. The other application displays the information about an infrastructure when the user aims its mobile device's camera to it. The app uses a server, based on GIS and BIM data. Therefore, the data model has an association with the BIM technology, which describes all stages of the infrastructure's development and maintenance. Moreover, the system can be integrated with the IoT technology, which focuses on enabling communication between all objects either real or virtual. The two applications were evaluated taking into account the AR 's definition, where the system must mix the virtual and real worlds, be interactive in real-time, and the real and virtual objects must be aligned in 3D. Furthermore, it was evaluated if the displayed information about the infrastructure is correct and if it effectively belongs to the infrastructure in the scene, and the distance associated errors

Application-driven visual computing towards industry 4.0 2018

245 p.La Tesis recoge contribuciones en tres campos: 1. Agentes Virtuales Interactivos: autónomos, modulares, escalables, ubicuos y atractivos para el usuario. Estos IVA pueden interactuar con los usuarios de manera natural.2. Entornos de RV/RA Inmersivos: RV en la planificación de la producción, el diseño de producto, la simulación de procesos, pruebas y verificación. El Operario Virtual muestra cómo la RV y los Co-bots pueden trabajar en un entorno seguro. En el Operario Aumentado la RA muestra información relevante al trabajador de una manera no intrusiva. 3. Gestión Interactiva de Modelos 3D: gestión online y visualización de modelos CAD multimedia, mediante conversión automática de modelos CAD a la Web. La tecnología Web3D permite la visualización e interacción de estos modelos en dispositivos móviles de baja potencia.Además, estas contribuciones han permitido analizar los desafíos presentados por Industry 4.0. La tesis ha contribuido a proporcionar una prueba de concepto para algunos de esos desafíos: en factores humanos, simulación, visualización e integración de modelos

Integration of Building Information Modelling and Geographic Information System at Data Level Using Semantics and Geometry Conversion Approach Towards Smart Infrastructure Management

This study integrates Building Information Modelling (BIM)and Geographic Information System (GIS) at data level using an open source approach for geometry transformation and an automatic attribute searching algorithm for semantics transfer for the purpose of facilitating data transformation from BIM to GIS. Based on that, an infrastructure management system has been developed using Web GIS technology in conjunction with the models created by BIM and transformed into GIS using the proposed approach