Aproximaciones a la aplicación de políticas de consenso en escenarios de negociación automática compleja

En escenarios de negociación complejos es frecuente la negociación de múltiples atributos interdependientes. En la negociación multiatributo es usual que existan distintas ofertas que proporcionen un mismo nivel de utilidad para el agente. Para un agente inmerso en una negociación la selección de una oferta no es trivial. Para llevar a cabo esta selección, un criterio que se suele emplear habitualmente como componente clave en muchos modelos de negociación es el criterio de similaridad. En escenarios con preferencias no monótonas y/o discontinuas este criterio se debilita debido a la ausencia de información suficiente acerca de la estructura de preferencias del oponente. Como primera contribución, esta tesis propone un protocolo de negociación que pueda trabajar de forma eficiente en espacios de utilidad complejos donde la aproximación basada en similaridad falla. En esta tesis se plantean mecanismos de negociación que permiten abordar negociaciones multiatributo complejas con espacios de preferencias no diferenciables. El protocolo propuesto extiende algunos de los principios de la búsqueda basada en patrones para realizar una búsqueda distribuida en el espacio de soluciones. Con objeto de incorporar el principio básico de exploración iterativa por patrones en nuestro protocolo, proponemos pasar de un protocolo de interacción basado en el intercambio de contratos (puntos del espacio de soluciones) a un protocolo basado en el intercambio de regiones. El protocolo define un proceso de exploración conjunta de forma recursiva. Podemos entender este proceso como una contracción iterativa del espacio de soluciones. Una vez que la región sobre la que se realiza la búsqueda es lo suficientemente pequeña como para ser interpretada como si fuera un único contrato, los agentes deciden que la negociación ha terminado. La extensión de los mecanismos de negociación descritos a un entorno de negociación multilateral exige que se incorpore un procedimiento para la agregación de las preferencias de los distintos agentes. En este contexto, y teniendo en cuenta los requisitos de privacidad y escalabilidad de las soluciones, parece natural la utilización de aproximaciones mediadas. En las aproximaciones mediadas, un mediador intenta optimizar algún tipo de métrica del bienestar social. Sin embargo, pocos trabajos han tratado de incorporar algún criterio de bienestar social en el proceso de búsqueda. Para este tipo de escenarios, se hace necesario definir nuevos conceptos de bienestar social. Esta tesis presenta además mecanismos de negociación que permiten incluir en el proceso de búsqueda de acuerdos políticas de consenso, que podrán ser definidas en términos lingüísticos, de forma que es posible especificar el tipo de acuerdo que se persigue. Para validar las contribuciones de la tesis, se ha realizado una evaluación experimental exhaustiva empleando tanto escenarios tipo como escenarios aleatorizados. Los experimentos realizados han confirmado que nuestra propuesta basada en los principios de búsqueda por patrones permite superar las limitaciones de las aproximaciones basadas en similaridad y alcanzar acuerdos consistentes con políticas de consenso definidas en el mediador de forma efectiva, abriendo una nueva línea de trabajo en el ámbito del diseño de mecanismos de negociación automática multilateral de múltiples atributos para espacios de utilidad complejos. Por último, se explora la aplicabilidad de los protocolos de negociación para espacios de utilidad de alta complejidad a escenarios reales. En concreto, se estudia el escenario de asignación de frecuencias en redes inalámbricas Wi-Fi, en el que varios proveedores de red deben acordar la asignación de frecuencias a los puntos de acceso bajo su control. Este trabajo supone la primera aplicación de este tipo de protocolos en entornos reales. Los resultados muestran que es posible alcanzar acuerdos que mejoran los obtenidos por las heurísticas que se emplean actualmente e incluso los conseguidos por optimizadores con información completa

Adaptive Policymaking: Evolving and Applying Emergent Solutions for U.S. Communications Policy

This Article presents some specific ways that U.S. policymakers should use teachings from the latest thinking in economics to create a conceptual framework in order to grapple with current controversies in communications law and regulation. First, it provides a brief overview of Emergence Economics, with an emphasis on the rough formula of emergence and the unique role of technological change in creating and furthering innovation and economic growth. Second, this paper explicates the general concept of Adaptive Policymaking by governments and includes some proposed guiding principles, an outline of the public policy design space, and an adaptive toolkit to be used by policymakers. Third, this Article discusses devising a policy design space specifically for communications policy, with an emphasis on the institutional and organizational challenges facing the FCC as it seeks to fulfill the suggested goal of furthering More Good Ideas. Finally, this paper explores the conceptual framework for the fitness landscape, including a searching critique of the notion of enabling without dictating evolutionary forces in the marketplace

Using MapReduce Streaming for Distributed Life Simulation on the Cloud

Distributed software simulations are indispensable in the study of large-scale life models but often require the use of technically complex lower-level distributed computing frameworks, such as MPI. We propose to overcome the complexity challenge by applying the emerging MapReduce (MR) model to distributed life simulations and by running such simulations on the cloud. Technically, we design optimized MR streaming algorithms for discrete and continuous versions of Conway’s life according to a general MR streaming pattern. We chose life because it is simple enough as a testbed for MR’s applicability to a-life simulations and general enough to make our results applicable to various lattice-based a-life models. We implement and empirically evaluate our algorithms’ performance on Amazon’s Elastic MR cloud. Our experiments demonstrate that a single MR optimization technique called strip partitioning can reduce the execution time of continuous life simulations by 64%. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose and evaluate MR streaming algorithms for lattice-based simulations. Our algorithms can serve as prototypes in the development of novel MR simulation algorithms for large-scale lattice-based a-life models.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_books/1014/thumbnail.jp

Advances in Computational Social Science and Social Simulation

Aquesta conferència és la celebració conjunta de la "10th Artificial Economics Conference AE", la "10th Conference of the European Social Simulation Association ESSA" i la "1st Simulating the Past to Understand Human History SPUHH".Conferència organitzada pel Laboratory for Socio­-Historical Dynamics Simulation (LSDS-­UAB) de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.Readers will find results of recent research on computational social science and social simulation economics, management, sociology,and history written by leading experts in the field. SOCIAL SIMULATION (former ESSA) conferences constitute annual events which serve as an international platform for the exchange of ideas and discussion of cutting edge research in the field of social simulations, both from the theoretical as well as applied perspective, and the 2014 edition benefits from the cross-fertilization of three different research communities into one single event. The volume consists of 122 articles, corresponding to most of the contributions to the conferences, in three different formats: short abstracts (presentation of work-in-progress research), posters (presentation of models and results), and full papers (presentation of social simulation research including results and discussion). The compilation is completed with indexing lists to help finding articles by title, author and thematic content. We are convinced that this book will serve interested readers as a useful compendium which presents in a nutshell the most recent advances at the frontiers of computational social sciences and social simulation researc

Toward a theory of the evolution of business ecosystems : enterprise architectures, competitive dynamics, firm performance & industrial co-evolution

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.Includes bibliographical references (v. 4, p. 698-745).This dissertation contributes toward the building of a theory of the evolution of business ecosystems. In the process, it addresses a question that has been posed by evolutionary theorists in the economics and sociology literatures for decades: "Why do firms in the same industry vary systematically in performance over time?" Seeking a systematic explanation of a longitudinal phenomenon inevitably requires characterizing the evolution of the industrial ecosystem, as both the organization (firm) and its environment (industry, markets and institutions) are co-evolving. This question is therefore explored via a theoretical sample in three industrial ecosystems covering manufacturing and service sectors, with competitors from the US, Europe and Japan: commercial airplanes, motor vehicles and airlines. The research is based primarily on an in depth seven-year, multi-level, multi-method, field-based case study of both firms in the large commercial airplanes industry mixed duopoly as well as the key stakeholders in their extended enterprises (i.e. customers, suppliers, investors and employees). This field work is supplemented with historical comparative analysis in all three industries, as well as nonlinear dynamic simulation models developed to capture the essential mechanisms governing the evolution of business ecosystems.(cont.) A theoretical framework is developed which endogenously traces the co-evolution of firms and their industrial environments using their highest-level system properties of form, function and fitness (as reflected in the system sciences of morphology, physiology and ecology), and which embraces the evolutionary processes of variation, selection and retention. The framework captures the path-dependent evolution of heterogeneous populations of enterprise architectures engaged in symbiotic inter-species competition and posits the evolution of dominant designs in enterprise architectures that oscillate deterministically and chaotically between modular and integral states throughout an industry's life-cycle. Architectural innovation - at the extended enterprise level - is demonstrated to contribute to the failure of established firms, with causal mechanisms developed to explain tipping points.by Theodore F. Piepenbrock.Ph.D

Senate journal, 13 May 1999.

Titles and imprints vary; Some volumes include miscellaneous state documents and reports; Rules of the Senat

History of Central America. Vol. II. 1530-1800

ct05

Voices from the Past: Slave Narratives

Openly licensed anthology focused on the theme of slave narratives. Contains: Life of Isaac Mason as a Slave by Isaac Mason; The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom by Wilbur H. Siebert; Twenty-Two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman by Austin Steward; Narrative of William W. Brown, a Fugitive Slave by William Wells Brown; The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave by Mary Prince; Our Nig; Or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black, in a Two-story White House by Harriet E. Wilson; Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself by Harriet A. Jacobs; Up from Slavery: An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington; The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African by Olaudah Equiano; Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty years a slave, and Four Years in the White House by Elizabeth Keckley; Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup; Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave by Frederick Douglas

Bowdoin Orient v.83, no.1-24 (1953-1954)

https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoinorient-1950s/1004/thumbnail.jp