Some taxonomic features of small oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.)

Wydano przy pomocy finansowej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz Komitetu Badań NaukowychPresented are the significant morphological features of small oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) that should enable proper distinguishing this species from other oats. The morphological observations were based on herbarial material collected in north-eastern Poland.Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Avena Strigosa Schreb - Svarthavre : En bortglömd art eller framtidens produkt?

I mångfalden av spannmålssorter som finns tillgängligt idag faller de ursprungliga arterna lätt bort. Den primära orsaken för fenomenet är en alltmer pressad spannmålsproduktion där kostnadseffektivitet och skördemängder styr sortvalen i allt större bemärkelse. Detta medför dock att många ursprungs arter försvinner och blir förglömda. I dagens förädlingsarbete styr specifika egenskaperna det som önskas i enlighet med de krav som efterfrågan ställer. Men hur skall vi ställa oss till aspekten att något av dessa utgångna arter möjligen skulle bära på egenskaper som kan ha en märkbar betydelse i framtidens produktion? I detta arbete har syftet varit att presentera arten A. Strigosa Schreb – Svarthavre, samt försöka lyfta fram egenskaper som arten bär på. Detta främst på grund av att Svarthavren är en spannmåls art i hot av totalt försvinnande. Arbetet presenterar även ett odlingsförsök som gjorts i jämförelsesyfte, där avsikten var att jämföra en allmänt odlad gul havrevariant med en svart variant som är utdöende. Odlingsförsöket kunde dock inte slutföras på grund av väderrelaterade orsaker, och därmed kan inga konkreta slutsatser presenteras. Svarthavren visar sig vara en svåranalyserad art. Faktumet att den försvunnit i stor utbredning ur produktionen, såväl i Finland som övriga världen, har arten undgått dokumentation, trotts att det förekommit forskning, för att fastställa faktorer som berör växtens resistensegenskaper mot bland annat rotsårsnematoder och rost. Den knappa dokumentationen har medfört att det är svårt att analysera orsaker varför denna art inte hänger med i dagens spannmåls sortiment.Nykypäivän viljalajikkeiden laajassa valikoimassa alkuperäislajikkeet jäävät syrjään ja katoavat lajikevalikoimista. Perimmäinen syy tähän kehitykseen on tuotannon kasvavat paineet, jossa kustannustehokkuus ja satomäärät ohjaavat lajikevalintoja. Tästä johtuen moni alkuperäislajike häviää käytöstä ja lopulta unohtuu. Kasvijalostuksessa halutut ominaisuudet ohjaavat jalostustyötä, juuri sen hetken kysyntää vastaavaan lopputulokseen. Miten tulisi asennoitua ajatukseen, että katoavilla lajikkeilla saattaa olla ominaisuuksia joilla mahdollisesti olisi merkittävä vaikutus tulevaisuuden tuotannossa? Tämän opinnäytetyön ensisijainen tarkoitus on ollut esitellä katoava kauralaji A. Strigosa Schreb mustajyväinen kaura, sekä kartoittaa sen esiintyvyys ja mahdolliset erityispiirteet. Opinnäytetyössä esitellään myös viljelykoe. Viljelykoe on tehty vertailukokeena, jonka perimmäinen tarkoitus on ollut verrata yleisesti viljelyssä olevaa keltaista kauralajiketta katoavaan mustakauralajikkeeseen. Viljelykoetta ei kuitenkaan voitu saattaa loppuun sääolosuhteiden takia, ja siten ei ollut mahdollista tehdä päätelmiä. Mustakaura on osoittanut olevansa hyvinkin vaikea kartoitettava. Tämä johtunee suurimmaksi osaksi siitä, että lajike on laajasti poistunut tuotannosta, niin suomesta kuin myös muualta maailmasta. Vuosien saatossa lajikkeesta on tehty muutamia tutkimuksia muun muassa ruostetaudin vastustuskykyominaisuuksien kartoittamiseksi. Lajikkeesta on hyvin niukasti dokumentaatiota. Siksi on haastavaa tehdä analyysiä ja päätelmiä, sen suhteen miksi tämä lajike on kadonnut nykypäivän valikoimista.In the abundance of varieties, of cereals available today, the original species easily fall out of production. The primary reason for the phenomenon is an increasingly pressed grain production, where cost efficiency and harvest quantities control the choice of particular species of cereal out of all the varieties available. However, this causes many original varieties to disappear and become forgotten. In the plant breeding work done today, specific characteristics of the plant are chosen to live up to the modern requirements. But how should we deal with the fact that any of these endangered species might bear characteristics that may have a noticeable significance in future production? In this work the primary purpose has been to introduce the species A. Strigosa Schreb - Black Oat and highlight characteristics that the species carries. The work also presents a cultivation attempt made for comparison purposes, where the intention was to compare a generally grown yellow oats variant with a black variant that is in threat of vanishing. However, the cultivation attempt could not be completed due to weather-related causes, and therefore no conclusions can be presented. Generally Black Oats proved to be difficult to analyze. The primary cause is the fact that it has, to a large extent, disappeared from production both in Finland and around the world. Past the years there has been some research done regarding usability in terms of resistance to nematodes and rust. Even if there has been some research done the species has somehow avoided documentation, which means that it was not possible to analyze reasons why this species is not part of today's grain range

Cover Crop Management in a Sauvignon Blanc/Ramsey Vineyard in the Semi-Arid Olifants River Valley, South Africa. 3. Effect of Different Cover Crops and Cover Crop Management Practices on the Organic Matter and Macro-Nutrient Contents of a Sandy Soil

The trial was conducted over a period of ten years (1993/94 to 2002/03) on a sandy soil in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramseyvineyard near Lutzville (31o35’S, 18o52’E), situated in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley of the Western Cape.Fourteen treatments, consisting of three cereals and four legumes, managed according to two cover crop managementpractices, were included. One management practice consisted of cover crops which were sown annually. Full surfacepost-emergence chemical control was applied before bud break and again when the berries reached pea size (BB). Thesecond management practice consisted of cover crops which were sown biennially. Post-emergence chemical controlwas applied to the vine row before bud break and full surface control was applied when the berries reached pea size(AB). From 1999/2000 to 2002/03 the cover crops were sown annually, while the full surface post-emergence controlapplied at the end of November (berries at pea size) was advanced to mid-October. Two treatments in which Avenasativa L. v. Saia (‘Saia’ oats) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (grazing vetch) were sown annually, controlled mechanically inthe work row and chemically in the vine row from bud break to harvest (MC), were also applied. These treatmentswere compared to a control, in which no cover crop was sown and MC was applied. A treatment in which no covercrop was sown and BB was applied (weedchem), was also included. After five years (1997/98), the soil organic matter(SOM) in the 0-150 mm soil layer of the BB and AB treatments of grazing vetch was significantly higher than that ofthe control and weedchem. During March 2003, the SOM content in the 0-600 mm soil layer of grazing vetch (AB),as well as the 0-150 mm soil layer of Ornithopus sativus L. v. Emena (pink Seradella) (AB) and Secale cereale L. v.Henog (rye) (BB), was significantly higher than that of the control and weedchem. The total inorganic N concentration(TIN) of pink Seradella (BB) was the highest in the 0-150 mm soil layer during the full bloom stage of the grapevinesin 1995/96 and significantly higher than that of the other treatments in the 150-300 mm soil layer. The TIN measuredin the AB treatments of grazing vetch and pink Seradella as measured after the grapevine harvest (1995/96), wassignificantly higher than that of the control, weedchem and cereal treatments in the 0-300 mm and 0-150 mm soillayers, respectively. The TIN in the 0-150 mm soil layer of the legumes was, with the exception of pink Seradella(BB), significantly higher than that of the control, weedchem and the BB treatments of the cereals during March2003. The TIN in the 150-300 mm soil layers of the AB treatments of pink Seradella and the two Medicago truncatulaGaertn. varieties, namely, Parabinga and Paraggio, was significantly higher than that of the control, weedchem andthe grain treatments. Potassium concentrations in the 0-150 mm soil layer of the two pink Seradella treatments, theAB treatment of rye, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. v. Paraggio and grazing vetch, as well as the 150-300 mm soil layerof grazing vetch (BB) and pink Seradella (BB), were significantly higher than that of the control, weedchem and ‘Saia’oats (MC) during March 1997

Varietal resistance and susceptibility of oats to powdery mildew, crown rust and smuts

Publication authorized December 5, 1919.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41)

Períodos de convivência de plantas daninhas com cenoura cultivada com e sem palhada de aveia-preta

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of black oat (Avena strigosa) straw on the period prior to the interference (PPI) of weeds in the 'Alvorada' carrot (Daucus carota) crop. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 2×5 factorial arrangement, with five replicates. The following two factors were evaluated in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop years: soil cover, with and without 10 Mg ha-1 black oat straw; and periods of coexistence with weeds – 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days after emergence (DAE). To determine the PPI, a loss of 5% in the commercial yield of carrot roots was considered as acceptable. At the end of the crop cycle, straw reduced the total dry mass of weeds by 43.5 and 67.5%, respectively, in the first and second crop years. The PPI of the crops with and without straw was, respectively, 2.0 and 1.5 DAE in the first crop year and 17 and 6.0 DAE in the second. The use of black oat straw increases the PPI for the 'Alvorada' carrot crop.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da palhada de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa) sobre o período anterior à interferência (PAI) de plantas daninhas na cultura da cenoura 'Alvorada' (Daucus carota). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2×5, com cinco repetições. Os dois seguintes fatores foram avaliados nos anos de cultivo de 2016/2017 e 2017/2018: cobertura de solo com e sem 10 Mg ha-1 de palhada de aveia-preta; e períodos de coexistência com as plantas daninhas – 0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias após a emergência (DAE). Para determinar o PAI, considerou-se como aceitável a perda de 5% na produtividade comercial de raízes da cenoura. Ao final do ciclo da cultura, a palhada reduziu a massa seca total de plantas daninhas em 43,5 e 67,5%, respectivamente, no primeiro e no segundo ano de cultivo. O PAI dos cultivos com e sem palhada foi, respectivamente, de 2,0 e 1,5 DAE no primeiro ano e de 17 e 6,0 DAE no segundo. O uso da palhada de aveia-preta aumenta o PAI para cultura da cenoura 'Alvorada'

Diagnóstico do segmento de produção de sementes no Estado de Santa Catarina nas safras 2015 e 2015/2016

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Agronomia.A cadeia produtiva de sementes no Brasil cresce anualmente, ao mesmo tempo que o mercado apresenta demanda ascendente por insumos de alta qualidade. Neste sentido, o trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento da qualidade física e fisiológica em sementes de sete espécies agrícolas oriundas de campos no Estado de Santa Catarina nas safras 2015 e 2015/2016. O levantamento foi baseado em dados de Boletins de Análise de Sementes de três Laboratórios de Sementes catarinenses credenciados pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Nesses boletins foram avaliados os padrões de porcentagem de sementes puras, porcentagem e determinação de número de outras sementes e porcentagem de germinação. Deles se concluiu que as sementes de Glycine max alcançaram os padrões exigidos pela legislação para todos os critérios de qualidade física e fisiológica; há que se melhorar os procedimentos na produção das sementes de Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Oryza sativa, Pennisetum glaucum, Phaseolus vulgaris e Triticum aestivum para garantir os padrões de pureza física e germinação; que Microrregião de Curitibanos foi a principal produtora de sementes no Estado de Santa Catarina nas safras 2015 e 2015/2016; e que houve preferência por parte dos produtores em produzir sementes da categoria S1The seed production chain in Brazil grows annually at the same time as the market presents increasing demand for high quality material. In this sense, the objective of this study was to perform physical and physiological quality survey on seeds of seven agricultural species produced in the Santa Catarina State in the 2015/2016 harvest. The survey was based on data from Seed Analysis Bulletins of three Santa Catarina Seed Laboratories accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. In these bulletins the standards evaluated were the percentage of pure seeds, percentage and determination of number of other seeds grown and percentage of germination. From which it was concluded that the seeds of Glycine max reached the standards required by the legislation for all physical and physiological quality criteria; It is necessary to improve the procedures in production of the seeds of Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Oryza sativa, Pennisetum glaucum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum to guarantee the standards of physical purity and germination; That Micro region of Curitibanos was the main seed producer in the State of Santa Catarina in the 2015/2016 harvest; And that some producers prefer to produce seed of category S