Model Dan Metoda Arsitektur Pada Sistem Tanya Jawab Medis

Pada makalah ini, akan dilakukan survey beberapa penelitian yang membahas mengenai sistem tanya jawab dengan domain pada bidang medis (medical question answering = MedQuAn). Sistem MedQuAn mengolah pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam bentuk teks bahasa alami dan kemudian sistem akan memberikan jawaban yang relevan. Makalah ini mencoba menelaah modul konseptual MedQuAn, bahwa sistem tanya jawab terdiri dari tiga komponen inti yang berbeda beserta metoda/ pendekatan yang digunakan. Ketiga komponen inti tersebut adalah klasifikasi pertanyaan, pencarian dokumen, dan ekstraksi jawaban. Hasil akhir dari survey ini adalah sebuah kontribusi untuk pengembangan penelitian di masa mendatang di domain MedQuAn khususnya untuk sistem tanya jawab medis dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia

Model dan Metoda Arsitektur pada Sistem Tanya Jawab Medis

Pada makalah ini, akan dilakukan survey beberapa penelitian yang membahas mengenai sistem tanya jawab dengan domain pada bidang medis (medical question answering = MedQuAn). Sistem MedQuAn mengolah pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam bentuk teks bahasa alami dan kemudian sistem akan memberikan jawaban yang relevan. Makalah ini mencoba menelaah modul konseptual MedQuAn, bahwa sistem tanya jawab terdiri dari tiga komponen inti yang berbeda beserta metoda/ pendekatan yang digunakan. Ketiga komponen inti tersebut adalah klasifikasi pertanyaan, pencarian dokumen, dan ekstraksi jawaban. Hasil akhir dari survey ini adalah sebuah kontribusi untuk pengembangan penelitian di masa mendatang di domain MedQuAn khususnya untuk sistem tanya jawab medis dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia

An ontology for clinical questions about the contents of patient notes

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have been completed on question classification in the open domain, however only limited work focuses on the medical domain. As well, to the best of our knowledge, most of these medical question classifications were designed for literature based question and answering systems. This paper focuses on a new direction, which is to design a novel question processing and classification model for answering clinical questions applied to electronic patient notes.MethodsThere are four main steps in the work. Firstly, a relatively large set of clinical questions was collected from staff in an Intensive Care Unit. Then, a clinical question taxonomy was designed for question and answering purposes. Subsequently an annotation guideline was created and used to annotate the question set. Finally, a multilayer classification model was built to classify the clinical questions.ResultsThrough the initial classification experiments, we realized that the general features cannot contribute to high performance of a minimum classifier (a small data set with multiple classes). Thus, an automatic knowledge discovery and knowledge reuse process was designed to boost the performance by extracting and expanding the specific features of the questions. In the evaluation, the results show around 90% accuracy can be achieved in the answerable subclass classification and generic question templates classification. On the other hand, the machine learning method does not perform well at identifying the category of unanswerable questions, due to the asymmetric distribution.ConclusionsIn this paper, a comprehensive study on clinical questions has been completed. A major outcome of this work is the multilayer classification model. It serves as a major component of a patient records based clinical question and answering system as our studies continue. As well, the question collections can be reused by the research community to improve the efficiency of their own question and answering systems

The biomedical discourse relation bank

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Identification of discourse relations, such as causal and contrastive relations, between situations mentioned in text is an important task for biomedical text-mining. A biomedical text corpus annotated with discourse relations would be very useful for developing and evaluating methods for biomedical discourse processing. However, little effort has been made to develop such an annotated resource.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have developed the Biomedical Discourse Relation Bank (BioDRB), in which we have annotated explicit and implicit discourse relations in 24 open-access full-text biomedical articles from the GENIA corpus. Guidelines for the annotation were adapted from the Penn Discourse TreeBank (PDTB), which has discourse relations annotated over open-domain news articles. We introduced new conventions and modifications to the sense classification. We report reliable inter-annotator agreement of over 80% for all sub-tasks. Experiments for identifying the sense of explicit discourse connectives show the connective itself as a highly reliable indicator for coarse sense classification (accuracy 90.9% and F1 score 0.89). These results are comparable to results obtained with the same classifier on the PDTB data. With more refined sense classification, there is degradation in performance (accuracy 69.2% and F1 score 0.28), mainly due to sparsity in the data. The size of the corpus was found to be sufficient for identifying the sense of explicit connectives, with classifier performance stabilizing at about 1900 training instances. Finally, the classifier performs poorly when trained on PDTB and tested on BioDRB (accuracy 54.5% and F1 score 0.57).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our work shows that discourse relations can be reliably annotated in biomedical text. Coarse sense disambiguation of explicit connectives can be done with high reliability by using just the connective as a feature, but more refined sense classification requires either richer features or more annotated data. The poor performance of a classifier trained in the open domain and tested in the biomedical domain suggests significant differences in the semantic usage of connectives across these domains, and provides robust evidence for a biomedical sublanguage for discourse and the need to develop a specialized biomedical discourse annotated corpus. The results of our cross-domain experiments are consistent with related work on identifying connectives in BioDRB.</p

Identifying Relevant Evidence for Systematic Reviews and Review Updates

Systematic reviews identify, assess and synthesise the evidence available to answer complex research questions. They are essential in healthcare, where the volume of evidence in scientific research publications is vast and cannot feasibly be identified or analysed by individual clinicians or decision makers. However, the process of creating a systematic review is time consuming and expensive. The pace of scientific publication in medicine and related fields also means that evidence bases are continually changing and review conclusions can quickly become out of date. Therefore, developing methods to support the creating and updating of reviews is essential to reduce the workload required and thereby ensure that reviews remain up to date. This research aims to support systematic reviews, thus improving healthcare through natural language processing and information retrieval techniques. More specifically, this thesis aims to support the process of identifying relevant evidence for systematic reviews and review updates to reduce the workload required from researchers. This research proposes methods to improve studies ranking for systematic reviews. In addition, this thesis describes a dataset of systematic review updates in the field of medicine created using 25 Cochrane reviews. Moreover, this thesis develops an algorithm to automatically refine the Boolean query to improve the identification of relevant studies for review updates. The research demonstrates that automating the process of identifying relevant evidence can reduce the workload of conducting and updating systematic reviews