Innovating the scenario of scientific publishing in design: designing “living publications”

This article presents an ongoing research project aiming at innovating the modalities and formats of scientific and academic publication of design research. The digital transformation and the open access paradigm have a considerable impact on the circulation of high-quality scientific production at global level: the challenge is to achieve innovative forms of authoritative, high-impact and effective scholarly communication, pursued with a multiscale and mixed media strategy, in order to guarantee an extended impact, while maintaining rigour and authority. In this context the scientific publication of design is taking on new forms and objectives too, so the design discipline can be a pivotal field for the experimentation and discussion of new scientific publication formats for scientific research. The article presents the proposal of Living Publications, that, stemming from a case studies research, supports the envisioning of future scenarios of scientific publishing and the development of the features of an experimental prototype in the design domain

Innovating the scenario of scientific publishing in design: designing “living publications”.

This article presents an ongoing research project aiming at innovating the modalities and formats of scientific and academic publication of design research. The digital transformation and the open access paradigm have a considerable impact on the circulation of high-quality scientific production at global level: the challenge is to achieve innovative forms of authoritative, high-impactand effective scholarly communication, pursued with a multiscale and mixed media strategy, in order to guarantee an extended impact, while maintaining rigour and authority. In this context the scientific publication of design is taking on new forms and objectives too, so the design discipline can be a pivotal field for the experimentation and discussion of new scientific publication formats for scientific research. The article presents the preliminary findings of the project PRODE. Scientific production indesigndeveloped at the Design department of Politecnico di Milano: the case studies research and the proposal of Living Publications, that support the envisioning of future scenarios of scientific publishing and the development of an experimental prototype of Living publications Formatin the design domain

Harnessing customizationinWeb Annotation: ASoftwareProduct Line approach

222 p.La anotación web ayuda a mediar la interacción de lectura y escritura al transmitir información, agregar comentarios e inspirar conversaciones en documentos web. Se utiliza en áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Investigación Periodística, Ciencias Biológicas o Educación, por mencionar algunas. Las actividades de anotación son heterogéneas, donde los usuarios finales (estudiantes, periodistas, conservadores de datos, investigadores, etc.) tienen requisitos muy diferentes para crear, modificar y reutilizar anotaciones. Esto resulta en una gran cantidad de herramientas de anotación web y diferentes formas de representar y almacenar anotaciones web. Para facilitar la reutilización y la interoperabilidad, se han realizado varios intentos durante las últimas décadas para estandarizar las anotaciones web (por ejemplo, Annotea u Open Annotation), lo que ha dado como resultado las recomendaciones de anotaciones del W3C publicadas en 2017. Las recomendaciones del W3C proporcionan un marco para la representación de anotaciones (modelo de datos y vocabulario) y transporte (protocolo). Sin embargo, todavía hay una brecha en cómo se desarrollan los clientes de anotación (herramientas e interfaces de usuario), lo que hace que los desarrolladores vuelvan a re-implementar funcionalidades comunes (esdecir, resaltar, comentar, almacenar,¿) para crear su herramienta de anotación personalizada.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo proporcionar una plataforma de reutilización para el desarrollo de herramientas de anotación web para la revisión. Con este fin, hemos desarrollado una línea de productos de software llamada WACline. WACline es una familia de productos de anotación que permite a los desarrolladores crear extensiones de navegador de anotación web personalizadas, lo que facilita la reutilización de los activos principales y su adaptación a su contexto de revisión específico. Se ha creado siguiendo un proceso de acumulación de conocimientos en el que cada producto de anotación aprende de los productos de anotación creados previamente. Finalmente, llegamos a una familia de clientes de anotación que brinda soporte para tres prácticas de revisión: extracción de datos de revisión sistemática de literatura (Highlight&Go), revisión de tareas de estudiantes en educación superior (Mark&Go), y revisión por pares de conferencias y revistas (Review&Go). Para cada uno de los contextos de revisión, se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación con partes interesadas reales para validar las mejoras de eficiencia y eficacia aportadas por las herramientas de anotación personalizadas en su práctica

Open Science:A Practical Guide for Early-Career Researchers

The Dutch consortium of University Libraries and the National Library of the Netherlands (UKB), together with the Universities of The Netherlands (UNL), the Dutch national centre of expertise and repository for research data (DANS) and the Dutch Research Council (NWO), has published a practical guide on open science. Open Science Reliable science is not the sole work of superhuman geniuses, but a collaborative process. Researchers rely and build upon each other’s work. Together, we build theories, collect evidence and assess the research of colleagues. However, we can only build upon others’ work if we know exactly what our predecessors have done: What were their methods, relevant materials, data and outputs? Therefore, sound science ideally equals Open Science, in which all phases of the research cycle are as transparent and accessible as possible. About this guide Beginning researchers are an important link in the transition to Open Science, so this guide is aimed at PhD candidates, Research Master Students, and early-career researchers from all disciplines at Dutch universities and research institutes. It is designed to accompany researchers in every step of their research, from the phase of preparing your research project and discovering relevant resources (chapter 2) to the phase of data collection and analysis (chapter 3), writing and publishing articles, data, and other research output (chapter 4), and outreach and assessment (chapter 5). Every chapter provides you with the best tools and practices to implement immediately. If the information in this guide feels overwhelming: Do not worry! Open Science is a journey, and you are not alone in this. There are always colleagues who are happy to help you out along the way. You can find fellow researchers or support staff at your local Open Science Community (see chapter 6) and at your University Library. We hope this guide will motivate you and help you to practise Open Science, by sharing all aspects of your research with as many people as possible. The Future is Open! This guide, as an example of open science, builds upon the work of others. It is a derivative of “A Passport for Open Science. A practical guide for PhD students” written by Johann Berti, Marin Dacos, Gabriel Gallezot, Madeleine Géroudet, Sabrina Granger, Joanna Janik, Claire Josserand, Jean-François Lutz, Christine Okret-Manville, Sébastien Perrin, Noël Thiboud (Paris, 2020). Available at www.ouvrirlascience.fr and licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 Licence. The original text has been cut, edited and mixed with original content focused on the Dutch research landscape. If you have any feedback on this guide, please leave your comment(s) on PubPeer

Linked Research on the Decentralised Web

This thesis is about research communication in the context of the Web. I analyse literature which reveals how researchers are making use of Web technologies for knowledge dissemination, as well as how individuals are disempowered by the centralisation of certain systems, such as academic publishing platforms and social media. I share my findings on the feasibility of a decentralised and interoperable information space where researchers can control their identifiers whilst fulfilling the core functions of scientific communication: registration, awareness, certification, and archiving. The contemporary research communication paradigm operates under a diverse set of sociotechnical constraints, which influence how units of research information and personal data are created and exchanged. Economic forces and non-interoperable system designs mean that researcher identifiers and research contributions are largely shaped and controlled by third-party entities; participation requires the use of proprietary systems. From a technical standpoint, this thesis takes a deep look at semantic structure of research artifacts, and how they can be stored, linked and shared in a way that is controlled by individual researchers, or delegated to trusted parties. Further, I find that the ecosystem was lacking a technical Web standard able to fulfill the awareness function of research communication. Thus, I contribute a new communication protocol, Linked Data Notifications (published as a W3C Recommendation) which enables decentralised notifications on the Web, and provide implementations pertinent to the academic publishing use case. So far we have seen decentralised notifications applied in research dissemination or collaboration scenarios, as well as for archival activities and scientific experiments. Another core contribution of this work is a Web standards-based implementation of a clientside tool, dokieli, for decentralised article publishing, annotations and social interactions. dokieli can be used to fulfill the scholarly functions of registration, awareness, certification, and archiving, all in a decentralised manner, returning control of research contributions and discourse to individual researchers. The overarching conclusion of the thesis is that Web technologies can be used to create a fully functioning ecosystem for research communication. Using the framework of Web architecture, and loosely coupling the four functions, an accessible and inclusive ecosystem can be realised whereby users are able to use and switch between interoperable applications without interfering with existing data. Technical solutions alone do not suffice of course, so this thesis also takes into account the need for a change in the traditional mode of thinking amongst scholars, and presents the Linked Research initiative as an ongoing effort toward researcher autonomy in a social system, and universal access to human- and machine-readable information. Outcomes of this outreach work so far include an increase in the number of individuals self-hosting their research artifacts, workshops publishing accessible proceedings on the Web, in-the-wild experiments with open and public peer-review, and semantic graphs of contributions to conference proceedings and journals (the Linked Open Research Cloud). Some of the future challenges include: addressing the social implications of decentralised Web publishing, as well as the design of ethically grounded interoperable mechanisms; cultivating privacy aware information spaces; personal or community-controlled on-demand archiving services; and further design of decentralised applications that are aware of the core functions of scientific communication

A Semantics-based User Interface Model for Content Annotation, Authoring and Exploration

The Semantic Web and Linked Data movements with the aim of creating, publishing and interconnecting machine readable information have gained traction in the last years. However, the majority of information still is contained in and exchanged using unstructured documents, such as Web pages, text documents, images and videos. This can also not be expected to change, since text, images and videos are the natural way in which humans interact with information. Semantic structuring of content on the other hand provides a wide range of advantages compared to unstructured information. Semantically-enriched documents facilitate information search and retrieval, presentation, integration, reusability, interoperability and personalization. Looking at the life-cycle of semantic content on the Web of Data, we see quite some progress on the backend side in storing structured content or for linking data and schemata. Nevertheless, the currently least developed aspect of the semantic content life-cycle is from our point of view the user-friendly manual and semi-automatic creation of rich semantic content. In this thesis, we propose a semantics-based user interface model, which aims to reduce the complexity of underlying technologies for semantic enrichment of content by Web users. By surveying existing tools and approaches for semantic content authoring, we extracted a set of guidelines for designing efficient and effective semantic authoring user interfaces. We applied these guidelines to devise a semantics-based user interface model called WYSIWYM (What You See Is What You Mean) which enables integrated authoring, visualization and exploration of unstructured and (semi-)structured content. To assess the applicability of our proposed WYSIWYM model, we incorporated the model into four real-world use cases comprising two general and two domain-specific applications. These use cases address four aspects of the WYSIWYM implementation: 1) Its integration into existing user interfaces, 2) Utilizing it for lightweight text analytics to incentivize users, 3) Dealing with crowdsourcing of semi-structured e-learning content, 4) Incorporating it for authoring of semantic medical prescriptions

Openness and visibility

This issue's guest editor, Stephen Rudgard from FAO, is a major actor in opening agricultural knowledge online. He has asked a number of experts from different backgrounds to provide their perspective on various aspects of opening access to conten