Social cognitive determinants of hand washing : The relationship between trust in health information and hand washing behavior among young Finnish men

Background: Many people fall sick because of infectious diseases transmitted through hands. Many of those diseases could be avoided through frequent hand washing. Trust in information from health authorities is important for compliance with recommended hand washing behavior in times of a current public health threat. However, it remains uncertain if this is also the case in times of no current health threat. Aim: This thesis applies a social-cognitive model and examines social cognitive factors predicting hand washing and their relations to trust in authority-provided health information. Methods: Cross-sectional data from N=140 young Finnish men aged 18-22 was collected in the Finnish army in 2011 to test the assumptions that, (1) trust in authority-provided health information is associated with higher knowledge, higher self-efficacy, higher perceived effectiveness of hand washing, lower perceived risk, and less disease worry; (2) Higher self-efficacy, higher knowledge, higher perceived effectiveness of hand washing, higher perceived risk, and higher disease worry is associated with more hand washing and to explore (3) whether there is a direct effect of trust in authorityprovided information on hand washing and whether it is mediated by self-efficacy, knowledge, perceived effectiveness of hand washing, perceived risk and disease worry. Results: The results show that trust in authority-provided health information is associated with higher self-efficacy, higher knowledge, higher perceived effectiveness and lower perceived risk; that higher self-efficacy and higher disease worry are associated with hand washing; and that there is a direct independent effect of trust in authorityprovided health information on hand washing. Furthermore, it was found that trust in authority-provided health information differs according to the educational level. Conclusion: The results are important to understand how certain social cognitive predictors of behavior are related to both, hand washing and trust in authority-provided health information, in times of no current health threat. The results give information for designing health intervention campaigns, which should address self-efficacy, disease worry and trust in authority-provided information. Moreover, it is suggested to modify the social-cognitive model in so far as to include more social influences

Trust in Media, Institutions, and Health Information in Metropolitan Nebraska: 2021 Nebraska Metro Poll Results

Overall, most metropolitan Nebraskans have confidence in their local institutions (public safety agencies in their community, public schools in their community, and voting and election systems in their county). However, many have very little confidence in many national institutions (the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives and the Presidency) as well as the Governor. Metropolitan Nebraskans most trust information received from friends/family/ acquaintances, local news sources (TV and newspapers), public sources (PBS and public radio) and state newspapers. They least trust information from social networking sites, Internet blogs, and Fox News. Most metropolitan Nebraskans trust local health professionals for reliable information on the coronavirus. Over nine in ten trust their doctor or other health care professional either some or a lot and just over three-quarters trust their local health department for reliable information on the coronavirus. At least seven in ten trust the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and state public health officials. Most metropolitan Nebraskans favor having health professionals being the primary authority for public health decisions. Just over four in ten support having local health departments being the primary authority for public health decisions while one-third favor having state health departments as the primary authority. Less than one in ten metropolitan Nebraskans think either local or state government should be the primary authority for public health decisions

Trust-Building through Social Media Communications in Disaster Management

open4Social media provides a digital space – a meeting place, for different people, often representing one or more groups in a society. The use of this space during a disaster, especially where information needs are high and the availability of factually accurate and ethically sourced data is scarce, has increased substantially over the last 5-10 years. This paper attempts to address communication in social media and trust between the public and figures of authority during a natural disaster in order to suggest communication strategies that can enhance or reinforce trust between these bodies before, during and after a natural disaster.openM. G. Busà; M. T. Musacchio; S. Finan; C. FennelBusa', MARIA GRAZIA; Musacchio, MARIA TERESA; S., Finan; C., Fenne

The role of cognitive authority in social media

This poster discusses the role that cognitive authority may play in the context of social media. A term coined by TD Wilson, “cognitive authority” refers to the authority that someone or some sources may have over the thoughts of an individual. When a person gives another person cognitive authority, they give them the opportunity to influence their thoughts without hesitation. This poster aims to see how cognitive authority can be used in the realm of social media. In an environment where people “follow” or “friend” other people or news sources that they trust enough to have a connection with, is cognitive authority an influential factor? If cognitive authority is an influential factor, how does it affect the information seeking process and what potential influence can it have on information literacy? Information literacy requires critically thinking about information and determining its validity; when cognitive authority is at play, how much thought and effort is put into validating the information encountered

Can Centralized Sanctioning Promote Trust in Social Dilemmas? A Two-level Trust Game with Incomplete Information

The problem of trust is a paradigmatic social dilemma. Previous literature has paid much academic attention on effects of peer punishment and altruistic third-party punishment on trust and human cooperation in dyadic interactions. However, the effects of centralized sanctioning institutions on decentralized reciprocity in hierarchical interactions remain to be further explored. This paper presents a formal two-level trust game with incomplete information which adds an authority as a strategic purposive actor into the traditional trust game. This model allows scholars to examine the problem of trust in more complex game theoretic configurations. The analysis demonstrates how the centralized institutions might change the dynamics of reciprocity between the trustor and the trustee. Findings suggest that the sequential equilibria of the newly proposed two-level model simultaneously include the risk of placing trust for the trustor and the temptation of short-term defection for the trustee. Moreover, they have shown that even a slight uncertainty about the type of the newly introduced authority might facilitate the establishment of trust and reciprocity in social dilemmas.published_or_final_versio

Strategic Source Evaluation: Addressing the Container Conundrum

Purpose This paper argues that information containers provide valuable context clues that can help students make choices about how to engage with information content. The authors present a strategic approach to source evaluation rooted in format and authority threshold concepts. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a source evaluation strategy with the objective of deciding whether to trust an information source. This strategy involves a set of cues to help readers mindfully engage with both the container and content of a given source. Findings When conducting research, non-experts are asked to evaluate content in the absence of relevant subject expertise. The cues presented in this paper offer practical tactics informed by the concepts of authority (to help make an accessible judgment of intellectual trust) and format (to help make more informed decisions about the content they find in a browser). Originality/value While librarians have produced many evaluative models and checklists to help students evaluate information, this paper contributes a unique strategic approach grounded in two information literacy threshold concepts – format and authority – and enacted through a series of actions drawn from website evaluation models, fact-checking, and metacognitive exercises

Trust and Credibility in Web-Based Health Information: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

Background: Online sources are becoming increasingly important in health information seeking, such that they may have a significant effect on health care decisions and outcomes. Hence, given the wide range of different sources of online health information from different organisations and individuals, it is important to understand how information seekers evaluate and select the sources that they use, and, more specifically how they assess their credibility and trustworthiness. Objectives: This article reviews empirical studies on trust and credibility in the use of online health information. The article seeks to present a profile of the research conducted on trust and credibility in online health information seeking, to identify the factors that impact judgements of trustworthiness and credibility, and to explore the role of demographic factors affecting trust formation. On this basis, it aims to identify the gaps in current knowledge and to propose an agenda for future research. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Searches were conducted using a variety of combinations of the terms: online health information, trust, credibility, and their variants, in four multi-disciplinary and four health-oriented databases. Articles selected were published in English from 2000 onwards; this process generated 3827 unique records. After the application of exclusion criteria, this was reduced to a final dataset of 73 articles, which was analysed in full. Results: Interest in this topic has persisted over the last 15 years, with articles being published in medicine, social science and computer science, and focussing mostly on the USA and the UK. Documents in the dataset fell into three categories: those using trust or credibility as a dependent variable, those using trust or credibility as an independent variable, and studies of the demographic factors that influence the role of trust or credibility in online health information seeking. There is a consensus that in terms of website design, clear layout and design, interactive features and the authority of the owner have a positive effect on trust or credibility, whilst advertising has a negative effect. With regard to content features, authority of the author, ease of use and content have a positive effect on trust or credibility formation. Demographic factors influencing trust formation are age, gender and perceived health status. Conclusions: There is considerable scope for further research. This includes: increased clarity of the interaction between the variables associated with health information seeking; increased consistency on the measurement of trust and credibility; a greater focus on specific online health information sources; and, enhanced understanding of the impact of demographic variables on trust and credibility judgement

Trust and Credibility in Web-Based Health Information: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

Background: Online sources are becoming increasingly important in health information seeking, such that they may have a significant effect on health care decisions and outcomes. Hence, given the wide range of different sources of online health information from different organisations and individuals, it is important to understand how information seekers evaluate and select the sources that they use, and, more specifically how they assess their credibility and trustworthiness. Objectives: This article reviews empirical studies on trust and credibility in the use of online health information. The article seeks to present a profile of the research conducted on trust and credibility in online health information seeking, to identify the factors that impact judgements of trustworthiness and credibility, and to explore the role of demographic factors affecting trust formation. On this basis, it aims to identify the gaps in current knowledge and to propose an agenda for future research. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Searches were conducted using a variety of combinations of the terms: online health information, trust, credibility, and their variants, in four multi-disciplinary and four health-oriented databases. Articles selected were published in English from 2000 onwards; this process generated 3827 unique records. After the application of exclusion criteria, this was reduced to a final dataset of 73 articles, which was analysed in full. Results: Interest in this topic has persisted over the last 15 years, with articles being published in medicine, social science and computer science, and focussing mostly on the USA and the UK. Documents in the dataset fell into three categories: those using trust or credibility as a dependent variable, those using trust or credibility as an independent variable, and studies of the demographic factors that influence the role of trust or credibility in online health information seeking. There is a consensus that in terms of website design, clear layout and design, interactive features and the authority of the owner have a positive effect on trust or credibility, whilst advertising has a negative effect. With regard to content features, authority of the author, ease of use and content have a positive effect on trust or credibility formation. Demographic factors influencing trust formation are age, gender and perceived health status. Conclusions: There is considerable scope for further research. This includes: increased clarity of the interaction between the variables associated with health information seeking; increased consistency on the measurement of trust and credibility; a greater focus on specific online health information sources; and, enhanced understanding of the impact of demographic variables on trust and credibility judgement

The influence of trust, information technology and communication skill on knowledge transfer in MADA (Muda Agricultural Development Authority)

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of trust, information technology and communication skill on knowledge transfer among extension officer in Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA). The aim of this study is to identify the relationship of trust, information technology and communication skill towards knowledge transfer. The dependent variable used in this study is knowledge transfer, whereas the independent variables comprises of trust, information technology and communication skill. This study was done through quantitative approach in which questionnaires were used as a medium to collect data. The respondents for this study were MADA extension officer and 113 questionnaires were distributed. The results of the study showed positive significant relationship between information technology and knowledge transfer

The Evolution of Trust and Reputation: Results from Simulation Experiments

In online interactions in general, but especially in interactions between buyers and sellers on internet-auction platforms, the interacting parties must deal with trust and cooperation problems. Whether a rating system is able to foster trust and cooperation through reputation and without an external enforcer is an open question. We therefore explore through ecological analysis different buyer and seller strategies in terms of their success and their contribution to supporting or impeding trust and cooperation. In our agent-based model, the interaction between a buyer and a seller is defined by a one-shot trust game with a reputation mechanism. In every interaction, a buyer has complete information about a seller's past behavior. We find that cooperation evolves under two conditions even in the absence of an external sanctioning authority. On the one hand, some minimal fraction of buyers must make use of the sellers’ reputation in their buying strategies and, on the other hand, trustworthy sellers must be given opportunities to gain a good reputation through their cooperative behavior. Despite the apparent usefulness of the reputation mechanism, a small number of deceitful sellers are able to hold their ground.trust game, reputation, agent-based simulation