14 research outputs found
Evolutionary multi-objective decision support systems for conceptual design
Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/2328 on 07.20.2017 by CS (TIS)In this thesis the problem of conceptual engineering design and the possible use of adaptive search
techniques and other machine based methods therein are explored. For the multi-objective optimisation
(MOO) within conceptual design problem, genetic algorithms (GA) adapted to MOO are
used and various techniques explored: weighted sums, lexicographic order, Pareto method with and
without ranking, VEGA-like approaches etc. Large number of runs are performed for findingZ Dth e
optimal configuration and setting of the GA parameters. A novel method, weighted Pareto method is
introduced and applied to a real-world optimisation problem.
Decision support methods within conceptual engineering design framework are discussed and a new
preference method developed. The preference method for translating vague qualitative categories
(such as "more important 91
,
4m.9u ch less important' 'etc. ) into quantitative values (numbers) is based
on fuzzy preferences and graph theory methods. Several applications of preferences are presented
and discussed:
* in weighted sum based optimisation methods;
s in weighted Pareto method;
* for ordering and manipulating constraints and scenarios;
e for a co-evolutionary, distributive GA-based MOO method;
The issue of complexity and sensitivity is addressed as well as potential generalisations of presented
preference methods. Interactive dynamical constraints in the form of design scenarios are introduced.
These are based on a propositional logic and a fairly rich mathematical language. They can be added,
deleted and modified on-line during the design session without need for recompiling the code.
The use of machine-based agents in conceptual design process is investigated. They are classified
into several different categories (e. g. interface agents, search agents, information agents). Several
different categories of agents performing various specialised task are developed (mostly dealing with
preferences, but also some filtering ones). They are integrated with the conceptual engineering design
system to form a closed loop system that includes both computer and designer.
All thesed ifferent aspectso f conceptuale ngineeringd esigna re applied within Plymouth Engineering
Design Centre / British Aerospace conceptual airframe design project.British Aerospace Systems, Warto
์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ์ ์ด์ฉํ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์์คํ ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ์ธํฐ๋์ ์ ๋ํ ์ดํด
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ตํฉ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ์ ์ตํฉ๊ณผํ๋ถ(๋์งํธ์ ๋ณด์ตํฉ์ ๊ณต), 2019. 2. ์๋ด์.์ปดํจํ
ํ์์ ๊ฐ์ , ์ธํฐ๋ท๊ณผ ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด, ๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ ๋๋ฐ์ด์ค ๋ฑ์ ๋ณด๊ธ์ ํตํ ์๋ง์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ์ถ์ , ๋ฅ๋ฌ๋์ ๋น๋กฏํ ๊ธฐ๊ณํ์ต ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ด๋๋๋ณด๋ค ๋์ฑ ํฐ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์๋ค. ์์ฑ ์ธ์, ์ปดํจํฐ ๋น์ , ์์ฐ์ด ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฑ์ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ์ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ํ์ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํน์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ด๋๋ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์์จ์ฃผํ, ๋ก๋ด, ์๋ฃ์๋น์ค ๋ฑ์ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ ์ฉ๋์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ถ์ ๋ง์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ฌ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋๋๋ค.
ํ์ง๋ง ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ ์ธก๋ฉด์์์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋นํด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ์ ์ธ๊ฐ๊ณตํ์ ์์์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ฌ๊ณผ ๋
ผ์๊ฐ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์กฑํ ํธ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ปดํจํฐ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฉ์๊ฐ ์ํธ์์ฉ ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ํด ๋ค์ธต์ ์ด๊ณ ํตํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค ๋์์ธ์ ์ํ ํจ์์ ์ ๋์ถํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ๋ค. ํนํ ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด์ฉํ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์์คํ
๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ธ์ง, ํด์ ๋ฐ ํ๊ฐ, ์ง์์ ์ธ ์ธํฐ๋์
, ์ค์ฉ์ ์ธ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์
์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ก ํ ๋ค ๋จ๊ณ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํํ๊ณ ์งํํ์๋ค.
์ฒซ๋ฒ์งธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ ํ์ ์ธ์์ ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ์ฑ๋ณ, ์ง์
์ ๋ค์์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ตฌํต๊ณํ์ ๋ํ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์งํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์ธ์์ ๋ํ ์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์งํํ์๋ค. ์กฐ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ๋ํด ๊ฐ๋ ์ ์
๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ ๊ด๋
์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ์ ์์ธํ ํ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ํ์ํ ํ๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด ์์์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ ์ง์์ ์ด๊ณ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์ค์ํจ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
๋๋ฒ์งธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ํด์๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ์ ๊ดํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง์ ๋ฏธ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ฐํด์ฃผ๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ด ๊ตฌํ๋ AI Mirror๋ผ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ํ๋กํ ํ์
์ ์ ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ/๊ธฐ๊ณํ์ต ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ, ์ฌ์ง์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ์ธ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ ์ธ ์ง๋จ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์งํ์ฌ ์คํ์ ์งํํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ์ ๋ง๋ค ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ง์์ ๋ฐ์ํด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ํด์ํ๊ณ ํ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ๋ณด์๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ์ง๋จ์ด ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์ ์ ๋๋ก ํด์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฌ๊ธด ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ/๊ธฐ๊ณํ์ต ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ์ง๋จ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ์ ๋๋ก ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ํด์ํ๊ณ ํ๊ฐํ๋ค. ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๋ต์ ํตํด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ๋ก ํ๊ณ ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๊ณผ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ขํ๊ฐ ์ ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๊ณผ ์๋ฐฉ ์ํต์ ํตํด ์๊ฒฌ์ ๊ตํํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋์ฆ๋ฅผ ํ์ถํ์๋ค.
์ธ๋ฒ์งธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฉ์๊ฐ ๊ณต๋์ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์ง์์ ์ธ ์ธํฐ๋์
์ ์ด์ด๊ฐ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์ฉ์๊ฐ ์ผ๋ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๊ณ ์ค์ผ์น์ ์์น ์ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์์ฑํด์ฃผ๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ API๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ DuetDraw๋ผ๋ ๋ฆฌ์์น ํ๋กํ ํ์
์ ์ ์ํ์๊ณ , ์ ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์งํํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์ฉ์ ํ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๊ณผ์ ํ์
๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋จ์ํ ํผ๋๋ฐฑ ๋ณด๋ค๋ ์์ธํ ์ค๋ช
์ ์ ๊ณต๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ ํญ์ ์ฃผ๋์ ์ธ ์์น์ ์๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ๊ณผ์ ์ธํฐ๋์
์ ๊ณผ์
์ํ์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ์์ธก๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ, ์ดํด๋, ํต์ ๋ ฅ์ ๋ฎ์ถ๋ ๊ฒฝํญ์ด ์์์ง๋ง, ์ฌ์ฉ์์๊ฒ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ์์ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ฌ์ฉ์๊ฐ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์กฑ์ค๋ฌ์ด ๊ฒฝํ์ ํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ์๋ค.
๋์ผ๋ก, ๋ค๋ฒ์งธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ฉ์ ์ธ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์
์ ์ ์ํ์ฌ ์ด์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ธํฐ๋์
์ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ ์ต๊ทผ ํฐ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ก๋ด์ ๋๋ฆฌ์ฆ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ตฌํํ NewsRobot์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. NewsRobot์ 2018 ํ์ฐฝ๋๊ณ์ฌ๋ฆผํฝ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์์งํ๊ณ ์์ฝํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ํ์์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ข
ํฉ๋ด์ค-์ ํ๋ด์ค, ํ
์คํธ-์นด๋-๋์์์ผ๋ก ๋ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ ๋ด์ค๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๋ค. ์ ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ํ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ ํ๋ด์ค๊ฐ ์ข
ํฉ๋ด์ค์ ๋นํด ๋ฎ์ ์ ๋ขฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ด์ค์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๋์ ์ ํธ๋๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ฉํฐ๋ฏธ๋์ด ๋ชจ๋ฌ๋ฆฌํฐ๊ฐ ๋์์ง์๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๋ด์ค์ ๋ํ ๋ง์กฑ๋๊ฐ ๋์์ง์ง๋ง ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๊ธฐ๋์์ค์ ์ด๊ธ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์คํ๋ ค ๋ฎ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ด ์๋์ผ๋ก ์์ฑํ ๋ด์ค์ ๋ํด ์ ํํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๊ฐํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ด์ค ์์ฑ ์๋์ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๋ณด ์๊ฐํ ์์์ ๋ํด์๋ ๋ง์กฑ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฌ๋๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ด ๋ค ๊ฐ์ง ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ฐ-์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ํ ๋ค์ํ ์์ฌ์ ๋ค์ ๋์ถํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ์ ์ด์ฉํ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์์คํ
์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค ๋์์ธ์ ์ํ ํจ์์ ๋ค์ ์ ์ํ๋ค.The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is affecting our daily lives in numerous areas. Moreover, AI is expected to evolve rapidly, bringing tremendous economic value. However, compared to the attention these technological improvements receive, there is relatively little discussion on human factors and user experience related to AI algorithms. Thus, this thesis aims to better understand how users interact with AI algorithms. Specifically, this work examined algorithm-based humanโAI interaction in four stages, through various modes of human-computer interaction: The first study investigated how people perceive algorithm-based systems using AI, finding that people tend to anthropomorphize as well as alienate them, which is distinct from their perceptions of computers. The second study investigated how people interpret and evaluate the output from AI algorithms through a prototype, AI Mirror, which assigned aesthetic scores to images based on a neural network algorithm. The results revealed that people interpret AI algorithms differently based on their backgrounds, and that they want to understand and communicate with AI systems. The third study investigated how people build a sequence of actions with AI algorithms through a mixed method study using a research prototype called DuetDraw, a drawing tool in which users and AI can draw pictures together. The results showed that people want to lead collaborations while hoping to get appropriate instructions from the AI algorithm. Lastly, a case study on a practical application of AI was conducted with a research prototype called NewsRobot, which automatically generated news articles with different content and styles. Findings showed that users prefer selective news and multimedia news that have more functionality and modality, but at the same time they do not want AI to boast about its ability. With these distinct but intertwined studies, this thesis argues the importance of understanding human factors in the user interfaces of AI-based systems and suggests design principles to this end.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research Goal 10
1.3 Research Questions 11
1.4 How People Perceive Algorithm-based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 12
1.5 How People Interpret and Evaluate Algorithm-based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 13
1.6 How People Build Sequential Actions with Algorithm-Based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 15
1.7 How People Use a Practical Application of an Algorithm-based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 17
1.8 Thesis Statement 18
1.9 Contributions 18
1.10 Thesis Overview 20
2 RELATED WORK 22
2.1 Human Perception of AI Algorithms 22
2.1.1 Technophobia 22
2.1.2 Anthropomorphism 23
2.2 Users Interpretation and Evaluation of AI Algorithms 24
2.2.1 Interpretability of Algorithms and Users Concerns 24
2.2.2 Sense-making and Gap between Users and AI algorithms 25
2.2.3 User Control in Intelligent Systems 26
2.3 How People Build Sequential Actions with AI Algorithms 26
2.3.1 AI, Deep Learning, and New UX in Creative Works 27
2.3.2 Communication and Leadership among Users and AI 28
2.4 Practical Design of Algorithm-based Systems Using AI 29
2.4.1 Automated Journalism 30
2.4.2 Personalization of News Content 31
2.4.3 Effect of Multimedia Modality on User Experience 32
3 HOW PEOPLE PERCEIVE ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 33
3.1 Motivation 34
3.2 Google DeepMind Challenge Match 36
3.3 Methodology 38
3.3.1 Participant Recruitment 38
3.3.2 Interview Process 39
3.3.3 Interview Analysis 40
3.4 Findings 41
3.4.1 Preconceptions about Artificial Intelligence 41
3.4.2 Confrontation: Us vs. Artificial Intelligence 43
3.4.3 Anthropomorphizing AlphaGo 47
3.4.4 Alienating AlphaGo 49
3.4.5 Concerns about the Future of AI 52
3.5 Limitations 55
3.6 Summary 56
4 HOW PEOPLE INTERPRET AND EVALUATE ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 57
4.1 Motivation 58
4.2 AI Mirror 60
4.2.1 Design Goal 60
4.2.2 Image Assessment Algorithm 61
4.2.3 Design of User Interface 61
4.3 Study Design 62
4.3.1 Participant Recruitment 63
4.3.2 Experimental Settings 64
4.3.3 Procedure 65
4.3.4 Analysis Methods 66
4.4 Result 1: Quantitative Analysis 67
4.4.1 Difference 68
4.4.2 Interpretability 69
4.4.3 Reasonability 70
4.5 Result 2: Qualitative Analysis 71
4.5.1 People Understand AI Based on What They Know 71
4.5.2 People Reduce Difference Using Various Strategies 73
4.5.3 People Want to Actively Communicate with AI 76
4.6 Limitations 78
4.7 Conclusion 78
5 HOW PEOPLE BUILD SEQUENTIAL ACTIONS WITH ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 80
5.1 Motivation 81
5.2 Duet Draw 84
5.2.1 Five AI Functions of DuetDraw 84
5.2.2 Initiative and Communication Styles of DuetDraw 85
5.3 Study Design 86
5.3.1 Participants 87
5.3.2 Tasks and Procedures 87
5.3.3 Drawing Scenarios 88
5.3.4 Survey 89
5.3.5 Think-aloud and Interview 89
5.3.6 Analysis Methods 90
5.4 Result 1: Quantitative Analysis 92
5.4.1 Detailed Instruction is Preferred over Basic Instruction 93
5.4.2 UX Could Be Worse with Lead-Basic than Assist-Detailed 94
5.4.3 AI is Fun, Useful, Effective, and Efficient 94
5.4.4 No-AI is more Predictable, Comprehensible, and Controllable 95
5.4.5 Even if Predictability is Low, Fun and Interest Can Increase 96
5.5 Result 2: Qualitative Analysis 96
5.5.1 Just Enough Instruction 97
5.5.2 Users Always Want to Lead 99
5.5.3 AI is Similar to Humans But Unpredictable 101
5.5.4 Co-Creation with AI 102
5.6 Limitations 105
5.7 Conclusion 105
6 HOW PEOPLE USE A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF AN ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEM USIGN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 107
6.1 Motivation 108
6.2 News Robot 110
6.2.1 Selecting Main Event and Data Source 111
6.2.2 Designing News Article Structure 113
6.2.3 Content and Style 113
6.2.4 Generating News Articles 115
6.2.5 Designing NewsRobot User Interface 116
6.3 Study Design 117
6.3.1 Participants 117
6.3.2 Procedures 118
6.3.3 Analysis Methods 119
6.4 Results 1: Quantitative Analysis 120
6.4.1 Selective News Is Less Credible 120
6.4.2 Users Like Both Multimedia and Personalization 121
6.4.3 Quality of Video Is Not Rated Highest 122
6.4.4 NewsRobot Is Accurate but Not Sensational 123
6.5 Results 2: Qualitative Analysis 124
6.5.1 Users Evaluate NewsRobot Features Highly 124
6.5.2 NewsRobot Is Unbiased but Predictable 127
6.5.3 Benefits and Drawbacks of Using Multimedia 128
6.6 Limitations 130
6.7 Conclusion 130
7 DISCUSSION 131
7.1 Human Perception of AI Algorithms 131
7.1.1 Cognitive Dissonance 131
7.1.2 Beyond Technophobia 132
7.1.3 Toward a New Chapter in Human-Computer Interaction 134
7.1.4 Coping with the Potential Danger 135
7.2 Users Interpretation and Evaluation of AI Algorithms 135
7.2.1 Integrate Diverse Expertise and User Perspectives 136
7.2.2 Take Advantage of Peoples Curiosity about AI Principles 137
7.2.3 Provide AI and Users with Mutual Communication 138
7.3 How People Build Sequential Actions with AI Algorithms 139
7.3.1 Let the User Take the Initiative 140
7.3.2 Provide Just Enough Instruction 140
7.3.3 Embed Interesting Elements in the Interaction 141
7.3.4 Ensure Balance 142
7.4 Practical Design of Algorithm-based Systems Using AI 142
7.4.1 Provide Selective news with Adaptable Interface 142
7.4.2 Present Various Multimedia Elements but Not Too Many 144
7.4.3 Importance of Quality Data and Algorithm Refinement 145
7.5 Principles 146
8 CONCLUSION 148
8.1 Summary of Contributions 149
8.2 Future Directions 150
Bibliography 153
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ผ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก 173
๊ฐ์ฌ์ ๊ธ 176Docto
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