การพัฒนานิยายโดยใช้เทคนิคการเล่าเรื่องเป็นเครื่องมือจัดการความรู้ เพื่อส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ของผู้เรียนในรายวิชาการจัดการความรู้

บทคัดย่อ การวิจัยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) พัฒนานิยายโดยใช้เทคนิคการเล่าเรื่องเป็นเครื่องมือจัดการความรู้ 2) ตรวจสอบการเรียนรู้ของผู้เรียนในรายวิชาการจัดการความรู้ กลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเฉพาะเจาะจงคือ นิสิตระดับปริญญาตรีจำนวน 49 คน เครื่องมือคือ 1) นิยาย 2) แบบสอบถามความเหมาะสม 3)  แบบทดสอบผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน 4) แบบสอบถามความพึงพอใจของผู้เรียน สถิติวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลได้แก่ การวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา  ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และสถิติทดสอบที (t-test) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า (1) ผู้วิจัยนำแนวคิดสำคัญจากนิยาย เทคนิคการเล่าเรื่อง การจัดการความรู้และหลักสูตรมาพัฒนาเป็นนิยายจำนวน 9 ตอน 66 หน้าครอบคลุมองค์ความรู้ในตนและเชิงประจักษ์เกี่ยวกับหลักสูตร ซึ่งการพัฒนานิยายมี 6 ขั้นตอนดังนี้ 1) เลือกหัวข้อเรื่อง 2) นำแนวคิดสำคัญมาจัดทำเป็นนิยายและใช้เป็นเนื้อหาในนิยาย 3) วางโครงเรื่องและแก่นสำคัญของเรื่อง 4) สร้างเหตุการณ์นำสู่เรื่องเล่า 5) นำเสนอตัวละคร และ 6) เขียนเล่าเรื่องในรูปแบบนิยาย ทั้งนี้ความเหมาะสมของนิยายได้รับการประเมินจากผู้เชี่ยวชาญว่าอยู่ในเกณฑ์เหมาะสม ( = 4.75, S.D. = 0.22) ระดับมากที่สุด ด้านเนื้อหา โครงสร้างและการนำเสนอ (2) สำหรับการเรียนรู้ของผู้เรียนในรายวิชาการจัดการความรู้ค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนก่อนใช้อยู่ที่ 67.15 และหลังใช้อยู่ที่ 74.42 จากคะแนนเต็ม 100 คะแนนโดยค่าเฉลี่ยหลังใช้สูงกว่าก่อนใช้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05ความพึงพอใจของผู้เรียนอยู่ในระดับสูง ( = 4.12, S.D. = 0.54) โดยผู้เรียนพบว่า นิยายเป็นวิธีจัดการความรู้ที่ดี แปลกใหม่ สนุกสนาน น่าสนใจและสอดแทรกความรู้สำคัญที่ทำให้เกิดการเรียนรู้ รวมทั้งเป็นรูปแบบการจัดการความรู้ที่ดี ผลวิจัยสรุปได้ว่า นิยายสามารถใช้เป็นเครื่องมือจัดการความรู้ที่ทรงพลังในการถอด แลกเปลี่ยนและถ่ายทอดความรู้ที่ง่ายต่อความเข้าใจและน่าสนใจที่จะเรียนรู้โดยผู้เรียนสามารถเรียนรู้ได้ดียิ่งขึ้นส่งผลให้การเรียนรู้ดีขึ้นทั้งผลสัมฤทธิ์และความพึงพอใจ คำสำคัญ : นิยาย, เทคนิคการเล่าเรื่อง, เครื่องมือการจัดการความรู้, การเรียนรู้ของผู้เรียน   ABSTRACT The purposes were to:1)develop a novel using storytelling technique as a knowledge management tool, and 2) examine student learning in knowledge management subject after applying a developed novel.The purposive sample group was 49 undergraduate students.The research instruments were 1) a developed novel, 2) a questionnaire collecting expert opinions towards appropriateness of a developed novel, 3) pre-test and post-test towards student achievement, and 4) a questionnaire collecting student’s opinions towards satisfaction. Statistical methods used were content analysis, mean, standard deviation and t-test. The research results were summarized as following: 1) A developed novel was based on the key concepts of novel, storytelling technique, knowledge management and curriculum. It consisted of 9 chapters with 66 pages covering tacit and explicit knowledge of curriculum. There were 6 main steps to develop a novel. First, the topic was chosen. Second, key concepts were used as content and design. Third, the plot and theme were planned. Fourth, the sceneswere set. Fifth, the characters were introduced. Sixth, the story was written in a form of a novel. A developed novel was then verified by experts as appropriate ( = 4.75, S.D. = 0.22) at a very high level in its content, structure and presentation. 2) For student learning in knowledge management subject, scores of student achievement before and after applying a developed novel was 67.15 and 74.42 of 100, respectively. The posttest scores were higher significantly than the pretest scores at 0.05 level of significance. Student satisfaction towards a developed novel was at a high level ( = 4.12, S.D. = 0.54). Students found it as a new, fun, interesting, integrated with essential knowledge way to learn and it was also a good form of knowledge management in their opinions. In conclusion, a developed novel can be used as a powerful knowledge management tool to capture, share and transfer knowledge, which was easy to understand and motivating for students to learn in knowledge management subject. Students can perform better, which resulted in enhanced student learning both achievement and satisfaction.   Keywords :   Novel, Storytelling Technique, Knowledge Management Tool, Student Learning

Knowledge Transfer Needs and Methods

INE/AUTC 12.3

The mythological power of hospitality leaders? : a hermeneutical investigation of their reliance on storytelling

Aims to explore how senior leaders in the hospitality industry use storytelling to disseminate their vision to employees. To illustrate how hermeneutics can be used as a method for the interpretation of qualitative data in hospitality management research. A purposeful criterion based sample design was constructed and after a period of sensitisation to their organisations, twenty phenomenological interviews with high level international hospitality industry leaders were conducted. These interviews are analysed using a hermeneutical framework. Storytelling is being used as a strategic method of communication and is fundamental to leadership in the contemporary commercial hospitality industry; stories are used to strengthen and revitalise current norms and values. Stories penetrate organisations and tap into the emotions of employees in order to inspire action and understanding.Hermeneutics is applied clearly and concisely and the paper demonstrates how hermeneutics could easily be adapted for other projects. Clear direction for further research is suggested, exploring the efficaciousness of stories from the listeners' rather than narrator's perspective. This paper does not teach managers how to tell stories, or even make them better storytellers; however, it highlights how storytelling is used by leaders at the apex of the commercial hospitality industry to develop and enhance organisational culture. Within hospitality management research, storytelling has mostly been ignored both as a management tool and as a form of data collection; similarly hermeneutics as a means of data analysis does not feature in the hospitality management literature

News Improved: NPR's Transition from Public Radio to Public Media

In 2007, National Public Radio adopted a multiyear plan to increase the organization's digital footprint and begin transforming itself from a public radio company to a public media company. Achieving that transformation required staff members to improve their digital skills and to understand the relevancy of NPR's digital news strategy and structure to their own work. In addition, it required a culture shift in the organization to break down barriers and encourage collaboration between radio and digital staff.NPR initiated the most comprehensive training in its history. Six hundred staff members, including reporters, producers and editors, were taught to write for the Web, create digital products including videos and photographs, and use the latest audio production tools. During the course of that massive effort, funded by a $1.5 million grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, NPR and Knight learned important lessons about conducting effective digital media skills training.These lessons are also relevant to other news organizations as they move from a single platform -- whether audio, print or video -- to a multimedia platform delivered via the Internet. In November 2010, the Knight Foundation retained TCC Group to evaluate the training with an eye toward identifying best practices for both NPR and other journalism enterprises. While the training's goal was to improve NPR's digital content and audience engagement, TCC's evaluation design focused on assessing direct outcomes -- including improvement in individual digital skills, integration of digital media throughout the organization and changes in attitudes toward digital storytelling -- and examining what factors matter most in achieving these outcomes. TCC administered a 360-degree evaluation survey to NPR staff members and conducted in-depth interviews with 18 people.Overall, the evaluation found that the Knight-funded NPR training resulted in a positive shift in individual and organizational attitudes toward digital news. Best practices to improve both individual and organizational outcomes included providing hands-on relevant training, applying it immediately and offering support after the trainin

Effect of heuristics on serendipity in path-based storytelling with linked data

Path-based storytelling with Linked Data on the Web provides users the ability to discover concepts in an entertaining and educational way. Given a query context, many state-of-the-art pathfinding approaches aim at telling a story that coincides with the user's expectations by investigating paths over Linked Data on the Web. By taking into account serendipity in storytelling, we aim at improving and tailoring existing approaches towards better fitting user expectations so that users are able to discover interesting knowledge without feeling unsure or even lost in the story facts. To this end, we propose to optimize the link estimation between - and the selection of facts in a story by increasing the consistency and relevancy of links between facts through additional domain delineation and refinement steps. In order to address multiple aspects of serendipity, we propose and investigate combinations of weights and heuristics in paths forming the essential building blocks for each story. Our experimental findings with stories based on DBpedia indicate the improvements when applying the optimized algorithm

How Design Plays Strategic Roles in Internet Service Innovation: Lessons from Korean Companies

In order to survive in the highly competitive internet business, companies have to provide differentiated services that can satisfy the rapidly changing users’ tastes and needs. Designers have been increasingly committed to achieving user satisfaction by generating and visualizing innovative solutions in new internet service development. The roles of internet service design have expanded from a narrow focus on aesthetics into a more strategic aspect. This paper investigates the methods of managing design in order to enhance companies’ competitiveness in internet business. The main research processes are to: (1) explore the current state of internet service design in Korea through in-depth interviews with professional designers and survey questionnaires to 30 digital design agencies and 60 clients; (2) compare how design is managed between in-house design groups and digital design agencies though the case studies of five Korean companies; and (3) develop a taxonomy characterizing four roles of designers in conjunction with the levels of their strategic contributions to internet service innovation: visualist, solution provider, concept generator, and service initiator. In addition, we demonstrate the growing contributions of the strategic use of design for innovating internet services, building robust brand equity, and increasing business performance. Keywords: Design Management; Internet Business; Internet Service Design; Digital Design; Digital Design Agency; In-House Design Group, Case Study</p

Museum Experience Design: A Modern Storytelling Methodology

In this paper we propose a new direction for design, in the context of the theme “Next Digital Technologies in Arts and Culture”, by employing modern methods based on Interaction Design, Interactive Storytelling and Artificial Intelligence. Focusing on Cultural Heritage, we propose a new paradigm for Museum Experience Design, facilitating on the one hand traditional visual and multimedia communication and, on the other, a new type of interaction with artefacts, in the form of a Storytelling Experience. Museums are increasingly being transformed into hybrid spaces, where virtual (digital) information coexists with tangible artefacts. In this context, “Next Digital Technologies” play a new role, providing methods to increase cultural accessibility and enhance experience. Not only is the goal to convey stories hidden inside artefacts, as well as items or objects connected to them, but it is also to pave the way for the creation of new ones through an interactive museum experience that continues after the museum visit ends. Social sharing, in particular, can greatly increase the value of dissemination

Crafting better team climate: the benefits of using creative methods during team initiation

This study employs a mixed methods approach to investigate the effect of creative methods, the combinative use of model building and storytelling, during team initiation on team climate, a critical people-related factor in the management of collective innovation work. Qualitative analysis provides empirical evidence that creative methods benefit team initiation by raising participative confidence, engagement with the social environment as well as the team activities, friendly competition among team members, and by reducing fear of failure and habitual thinking. We also find support that the use of creative methods initiates and supports the development of positive team climate over the span of a team’s life. A quantitative comparison with two control groups using the 14-item team climate inventory (TCI) 13 weeks after the team initiation indicates that the test group has significantly higher values in all dimensions of the TCI than the two control groups. Overall, this examination informs the work of innovation managers and scholars with vital insights about the effectiveness of using creative methods during team initiation