EvoAlloy: An Evolutionary Approach For Analyzing Alloy Specifications

Using mathematical notations and logical reasoning, formal methods precisely define a program’s specifications, from which we can instantiate valid instances of a system. With these techniques, we can perform a variety of analysis tasks to verify system dependability and rigorously prove the correctness of system properties. While there exist well-designed automated verification tools including ones considered lightweight, they still lack a strong adoption in practice. The essence of the problem is that when applied to large real world applications, they are not scalable and applicable due to the expense of thorough verification process. In this thesis, I present a new approach and demonstrate how to relax the completeness guarantee without much loss, since soundness is maintained. I have extended a widely applied lightweight analysis, Alloy, with a genetic algorithm. Our new tool, EvoAlloy, works at the level of finite relations generated by Kodkod and evolves the chromosomes based on the feedback including failed constraints. Through a feasibility study, I prove that my approach can successfully find solutions to a set of specifications beyond the scope where traditional Alloy Analyzer fails. While EvoAlloy solves small size problems with longer time, its scalability provided by genetic extension shows its potential to handle larger specifications. My future vision is that when specifications are small I can maintain both soundness and completeness, but when this fails, EvoAlloy can switch to its genetic algorithm. Adviser: Hamid Bagher

Combining Solution Reuse and Bound Tightening for Efficient Analysis of Evolving Systems

Software engineers have long employed formal verification to ensure the safety and validity of their system designs. As the system changes—often via predictable, domain-specific operations—their models must also change, requiring system designers to repeatedly execute the same formal verification on similar system models. State-of-the-art formal verification techniques can be expensive at scale, the cost of which is multiplied by repeated analysis. This paper presents a novel analysis technique—implemented in a tool called SoRBoT—which can automatically determine domain-specific optimizations that can dramatically reduce the cost of repeatedly analyzing evolving systems. Different from all prior approaches, which focus on either tightening the bounds for analysis or reusing all or part of prior solutions, SoRBoT’s automated derivation of domain-specific optimizations combines the benefits of both solution reuse and bound tightening while avoiding the main pitfalls of each. We experimentally evaluate SoRBoT against state-of-the-art techniques for verifying evolving specifications, demonstrating that SoRBoT substantially exceeds the run time performance of those state-of-the-art techniques while introducing only a negligible overhead, in contrast to the expensive additional computations required by the state-of-the-art verification techniques

Automatic Software Repair: a Bibliography

This article presents a survey on automatic software repair. Automatic software repair consists of automatically finding a solution to software bugs without human intervention. This article considers all kinds of repairs. First, it discusses behavioral repair where test suites, contracts, models, and crashing inputs are taken as oracle. Second, it discusses state repair, also known as runtime repair or runtime recovery, with techniques such as checkpoint and restart, reconfiguration, and invariant restoration. The uniqueness of this article is that it spans the research communities that contribute to this body of knowledge: software engineering, dependability, operating systems, programming languages, and security. It provides a novel and structured overview of the diversity of bug oracles and repair operators used in the literature

Challenges and Directions in Formalizing the Semantics of Modeling Languages

Developing software from models is a growing practice and there exist many model-based tools (e.g., editors, interpreters, debuggers, and simulators) for supporting model-driven engineering. Even though these tools facilitate the automation of software engineering tasks and activities, such tools are typically engineered manually. However, many of these tools have a common semantic foundation centered around an underlying modeling language, which would make it possible to automate their development if the modeling language specification were formalized. Even though there has been much work in formalizing programming languages, with many successful tools constructed using such formalisms, there has been little work in formalizing modeling languages for the purpose of automation. This paper discusses possible semantics-based approaches for the formalization of modeling languages and describes how this formalism may be used to automate the construction of modeling tools

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography (supplement 160)

This bibliography lists 166 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in October 1976

Application of Pressure Treatment Methods for Solid Processing of Silumin Chip Waste

n this article various technological schemes for processing waste in the form of chips of an alloy of an aluminum-silicon system are presented. It was noted that the processing of fine waste of the chips type is always accompanied by oxidation of the metal due to the large surface of contact with the air. To eliminate the loss of metal into oxides during re-melting, this study proposes processing chips by pressing to obtain briquettes (a method of hot extrusion is meant by ‘pressing’). Processing involves the receipt of briquettes from rods. The processes of cold and hot briquetting were undertaken separately. The results of applying the scheme using real production waste are presented in this study. The tensile strength achieved was up to 270 MPa. The relative elongation to rupture was 10–25% and the area reduction after rupture was 25–45%. There were no large differences in the use of briquettes obtained by cold processing and hot processing. The conclusion is drawn about the overall effectiveness of the application of the waste processing without the use of the metal melting. Keywords: silumin, shavings, extrusion, plastic deformation, heat treatmen

Reducing Run-Time Adaptation Space via Analysis of Possible Utility Bounds

Self-adaptive systems often employ dynamic programming or similar techniques to select optimal adaptations at run-time. These techniques suffer from the “curse of dimensionality , increasing the cost of run-time adaptation decisions. We propose a novel approach that improves upon the state-of-the-art proactive self-adaptation techniques to reduce the number of possible adaptations that need be considered for each run-time adaptation decision. The approach, realized in a tool called Thallium, employs a combination of automated formal modeling techniques to (i) analyze a structural model of the system showing which configurations are reachable from other configurations and (ii) compute the utility that can be generated by the optimal adaptation over a bounded horizon in both the best- and worst-case scenarios. It then constructs triangular possibility values using those optimized bounds to automatically compare adjacent adaptations for each configuration, keeping only the alternatives with the best range of potential results. The experimental results corroborate Thallium’s ability to significantly reduce the number of states that need to be considered with each adaptation decision, freeing up vital resources at run-time

Computer Science and Technology Series : XV Argentine Congress of Computer Science. Selected papers

CACIC'09 was the fifteenth Congress in the CACIC series. It was organized by the School of Engineering of the National University of Jujuy. The Congress included 9 Workshops with 130 accepted papers, 1 main Conference, 4 invited tutorials, different meetings related with Computer Science Education (Professors, PhD students, Curricula) and an International School with 5 courses. CACIC 2009 was organized following the traditional Congress format, with 9 Workshops covering a diversity of dimensions of Computer Science Research. Each topic was supervised by a committee of three chairs of different Universities. The call for papers attracted a total of 267 submissions. An average of 2.7 review reports were collected for each paper, for a grand total of 720 review reports that involved about 300 different reviewers. A total of 130 full papers were accepted and 20 of them were selected for this book.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Study of Finite Elements-based reliability and maintenance algorithmic methodologies analysis applied to aircraft structures and design optimization

This thesis presents the development of a research methodology oriented to the analysis of an aircraft structure in terms of operational reliability and maintainability requirements regarding its airworthiness. The study has been focused on modern commercial aircraft models, carrying out a market research and model selection according to different criteria. The study then develops a practical implementation consisting of the design approach of the aircraft airframe and main structural components for its subsequent numerical analysis and simulation. The numerical simulations will be computed by application of the Finite Elements Method on the main structural systems of the aircraft and establishment of boundary conditions. These simulations will allow the development of a computational study on linear, non-linear, and transient simulations of static loads, buckling, modal analysis, temperature, fatigue and thermal stress of individual structures and full assembly in different conditions. Finally, these results will be assessed and exported to a Matlab code which will compute an algorithmic methodology in order to approach the operational reliability and safety of the aircraft in the studied conditions. The thesis will conclude with a review of airworthiness regulations a proposal of research paths and further development of the methodology implemented