4 research outputs found

    Assessment of evolutionary algorithms for optimal operating rules design in real Water Resource Systems

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    Two evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are assessed in this paper to design optimal operating rules (ORs) for Water Resource Systems (WRS). The assessment is established through a parameter analysis of both algorithms in a theoretical case, and the methodology described in this paper is applied to a complex, real case. These two applications allow us to analyse an algorithm's properties and performance by defining ORs, how an algorithm's termination/convergence criteria affect the results and the importance of decision-makers participating in the optimisation process. The former analysis reflects the need for correctly defining the important algorithm parameters to ensure an optimal result and how the greater number of termination conditions makes the algorithm an efficient tool for obtaining optimal ORs in less time. Finally, in the complex real case application, we discuss the participation value of decision-makers toward correctly defining the objectives and making decisions in the post-process. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[EN]The authors wish to thank the University of Cagliari (Sardinia) and the Basin Agency of Sardinia for the data provided in the development of this study, as well as the Autonomous Region of Sardinia for funding the research project CRP 2_716. Thanks are also due to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, CICYT) for funding the projects NUTEGES (VI Plan Nacional de I+D-Ei 2008-2011, CGL2012-34978) and SCARCE (program Consolider-Ingenio 2010, project CSD2009-00065). The authors also thank the European Commission (Directorate-General for Research and Innovation) for funding the projects DROUGHT-R&SPI (program FP7-ENV-2011, project 282769), SIRIUS (FP7-SPACE-2010-1, project 262902), LIFE ALBUFERA project (LIFE12 ENV/ES/000685) and WAMCD project (EC-DG Environment No. 07.0329/2013/671291/SUB/ENV.C.1).Lerma Elvira, N.; Paredes Arquiola, J.; Andreu 脕lvarez, J.; Solera Solera, A.; Sechi, GM. (2015). Assessment of evolutionary algorithms for optimal operating rules design in real Water Resource Systems. Environmental Modelling and Software. 69:425-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.024S4254366

    Assessment and implementation of evolutionary algorithms for optimal management rules design in water resources systems

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    Tesis por compendioWater is an essential resource from an environmental, biological, economic or social point of view. In basin management, the irregular distribution in time and in space of this resource is well known. This issue is worsened by extreme climate conditions, generating drought periods or flood events. For both situations, optimal management is necessary. In one case, different water uses should be supplied efficiently using the available surface and groundwater resources. In another case, the most important goal is to avoid damages in flood areas, including the loss of human lives, but also to optimize the revenue of energy production in hydropower plants, or in other uses. The approach presented in this thesis proposes to obtain optimal management rules in water resource systems. With this aim, evolutionary algorithms were combined with simulation models. The first ones, as optimization tools, are responsible for guiding the process iterations. In each iteration, a new management rule is defined in the simulation model, which is computed to comprehend the situation of the system after applying this new management. For testing the proposed methodology, four evolutionary algorithms were assessed combining them with two simulation models. The methodology was implemented in four real case studies. This thesis is presented as a compendium of five manuscripts: three scientific papers published in journals (which are indexed in the Journal Citation Report), another under review, and the last manuscript from Conference Proceedings. In the first manuscript, the Pikaia optimization algorithm was combined with the network flow SIMGES simulation model for obtaining four different types of optimal management rules in the J煤car River Basin. In addition, the parameters of the Pikaia algorithm were also analyzed to identify the best combination of them to use in the optimization process. In the second scientific paper, the multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm was assessed to obtain a parametric management rule in the Mijares River basin. In this case, the same simulation model was linked with the evolutionary algorithm. In the Conference manuscript, an in-depth analysis of the Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano (TFM) system using different scenarios and comparing three water simulation models for water resources management was developed. The third published manuscript presented the assessment and comparison of two evolutionary algorithms for obtaining optimal rules in the TFM system using SIMGES model. The algorithms assessed were the SCE-UA and the Scatter Search. In this research paper, the parameters of both algorithms were also analyzed as it was done with the Pikaia algorithm. The management rules in the three first manuscripts were focused to avoid or minimize deficits in urban and agrarian demands and, in some case studies, also to minimize the water pumped. Finally, in the last document, two of the algorithms used in previous manuscripts were assessed, the mono-objective SCE-UA and the multi-objective NSGA-II. For this research, the algorithms were combined with RS MINERVE software to manage flood events in Visp River basin minimizing damages in risk areas and losses in hydropower plants. Results reached in the five manuscripts demonstrate the validity of the approach. In all the case studies and with the different evolutionary algorithms assessed, the obtained management rules achieved a better system management than the base scenario of each case. These results usually mean a decrease of the economic costs in the management of water resources. However, comparing the four algorithms assessed, SCE-UA algorithm proved to be the most efficient due to the different stop/convergence criteria and its formulation. Nevertheless, NSGA-II is the most recommended due to its multi-objective search focus on the enhancement of different objectives with the same importance where the decision makers can make the best decision for the management of the system.El agua es un recurso esencial desde el punto de vista ambiental, biol贸gico, econ贸mico o social. En la gesti贸n de cuencas, es bien conocido que la distribuci贸n del recurso en el tiempo y el espacio es irregular. Este problema se agrava debido a condiciones clim谩ticas extremas, generando per铆odos de sequ铆a o inundaciones. Para ambas situaciones, una gesti贸n 贸ptima es necesaria. En un caso, el suministro de agua a los diferentes usos del sistema debe realizarte eficientemente empleando los recursos disponibles, tanto superficiales como subterr谩neos. En el otro caso, el objetivo m谩s importante es evitar da帽os en las zonas de inundaci贸n, incluyendo la p茅rdida de vidas humanas, pero al mismo tiempo, optimizar los beneficios de centrales hidroel茅ctricas, o de otros usos. El enfoque presentado en esta tesis propone la obtenci贸n de reglas de gesti贸n 贸ptimas en sistemas reales de recursos h铆dricos. Con este objetivo, se combinaron algoritmos evolutivos con modelos de simulaci贸n. Los primeros, como herramientas de optimizaci贸n, encargados de guiar las iteraciones del proceso. En cada iteraci贸n se define una nueva regla de gesti贸n en el modelo de simulaci贸n, que se eval煤a para conocer la situaci贸n del sistema despu茅s de aplicar esta nueva gesti贸n. Para probar la metodolog铆a propuesta, se evaluaron cuatro algoritmos evolutivos combin谩ndolos con dos modelos de simulaci贸n. La metodolog铆a se implement贸 en cuatro casos de estudio reales. Esta tesis se presenta como un compendio de cinco publicaciones: tres de ellas en revistas indexadas en el Journal Citation Report, otra en revisi贸n y la 煤ltima como publicaci贸n de un congreso. En el primer manuscrito, el algoritmo de optimizaci贸n Pikaia se combin贸 con el modelo de simulaci贸n SIMGES para obtener reglas de gesti贸n 贸ptimas en la cuenca del r铆o J煤car. Adem谩s, se analizaron los par谩metros del algoritmo para identificar la mejor combinaci贸n de los mismos en el proceso de optimizaci贸n. El segundo art铆culo evalu贸 el algoritmo multi-objetivo NSGA-II para obtener una regla de gesti贸n param茅trica en la cuenca del r铆o Mijares. En el trabajo presentado en el congreso se desarroll贸 un an谩lisis en profundidad del sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano utilizando diferentes escenarios y comparando tres modelos de simulaci贸n para la gesti贸n de los recursos h铆dricos. En el tercer manuscrito publicado se evalu贸 y compar贸 dos algoritmos evolutivos (SCE-UA y Scatter Search) para obtener reglas de gesti贸n 贸ptimas en el sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano. En dicha investigaci贸n tambi茅n se analizaron los par谩metros de ambos algoritmos. Las reglas de gesti贸n de estas cuatro publicaciones se enfocaron en evitar o minimizar los d茅ficits de las demandas urbanas y agrarias y, en ciertos casos, tambi茅n en minimizar el caudal bombeado, utilizando para ello el modelo de simulaci贸n SIMGES. Finalmente, en la 煤ltima publicaci贸n se evalu贸 el algoritmo mono-objetivo SCE-UA y el multi-objetivo NSGA-II. Para esta investigaci贸n, los algoritmos se combinaron con el software RS MINERVE para gestionar los eventos de inundaci贸n en la cuenca del r铆o Visp minimizando los da帽os en las zonas de riesgo y las p茅rdidas en las centrales hidroel茅ctricas. Los resultados obtenidos en las cinco publicaciones demuestran la validez del enfoque. En todos los casos de estudio y, con los diferentes algoritmos evolutivos evaluados, las reglas de gesti贸n obtenidas lograron una mejor gesti贸n del sistema que el escenario base de cada caso. Estos resultados suelen representar una disminuci贸n de los costes econ贸micos en la gesti贸n de los recursos h铆dricos. Comparando los cuatro algoritmos, el SCE-UA demostr贸 ser el m谩s eficiente debido a los diferentes criterios de convergencia. No obstante, el NSGA-II es el m谩s recomendado debido a su b煤squeda multi-objetivo enfocada en la mejora, con la misma importancia, de diferentes objetivos, donde los tomadores de decisiones pueden selL'aigua 茅s un recurs essencial des del punt de vista ambiental, biol貌gic, econ貌mic o social. En la gesti贸 de conques, 茅s ben conegut que la distribuci贸 del recurs en el temps i l'espai 茅s irregular. Este problema s'agreuja a causa de condicions clim脿tiques extremes, generant per铆odes de sequera o inundacions. Per a ambd煤es situacions, una gesti贸 貌ptima 茅s necess脿ria. En un cas, el subministrament d'aigua als diferents usos del sistema ha de realitzar-se eficientment utilitzant els recursos disponibles, tant superficials com subterranis. En l'altre cas, l'objectiu m茅s important 茅s evitar danys en les zones d'inundaci贸, incloent la p猫rdua de vides humanes, per貌 al mateix temps, optimitzar els beneficis de centrals hidroel猫ctriques, o d'altres usos. La proposta d'esta tesi 茅s l'obtenci贸 de regles de gesti贸 貌ptimes en sistemes reals de recursos h铆drics. Amb este objectiu, es van combinar algoritmes evolutius amb models de simulaci贸. Els primers, com a ferramentes d'optimitzaci贸, encarregats de guiar les iteracions del proc茅s. En cada iteraci贸 es definix una nova regla de gesti贸 en el model de simulaci贸, que s'avalua per a con茅ixer la situaci贸 del sistema despr茅s d'aplicar esta nova gesti贸. Per a provar la metodologia proposada, es van avaluar quatre algoritmes evolutius combinant-los amb dos models de simulaci贸. La metodologia es va implementar en quatre casos d'estudi reals. Esta tesi es presenta com un compendi de cinc publicacions: tres d'elles en revistes indexades en el Journal Citation Report, una altra en revisi贸 i l'煤ltima com a publicaci贸 d'un congr茅s. En el primer manuscrit, l'algoritme d'optimitzaci贸 Pikaia es va combinar amb el model de simulaci贸 SIMGES per a obtindre regles de gesti贸 貌ptimes en la conca del riu X煤quer. A m茅s, es van analitzar els par脿metres de l'algoritme per a identificar la millor combinaci贸 dels mateixos en el proc茅s d'optimitzaci贸. El segon article va avaluar l'algoritme multi-objectiu NSGA-II per a obtindre una regla de gesti贸 param猫trica en la conca del riu Millars. En el treball presentat en el congr茅s es va desenvolupar una an脿lisi en profunditat del sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano utilitzant diferents escenaris i comparant tres models de simulaci贸 per a la gesti贸 dels recursos h铆drics. En el tercer manuscrit publicat es va avaluar i va comparar dos algoritmes evolutius (SCE-UA i Scatter Search) per a obtindre regles de gesti贸 貌ptimes en el sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano. En dita investigaci贸 tamb茅 es van analitzar els par脿metres d'ambd贸s algoritmes. Les regles de gesti贸 d'estes quatre publicacions es van enfocar a evitar o minimitzar els d猫ficits de les demandes urbanes i agr脿ries i, en certs casos, tamb茅 a minimitzar el cabal bombejat, utilitzant per a aix貌 el model de simulaci贸 SIMGES. Finalment, en l'煤ltima publicaci贸 es va avaluar l'algoritme mono-objectiu SCE-UA i el multi-objetiu NSGA-II. Per a esta investigaci贸, els algoritmes es van combinar amb el programa RS MINERVE per a gestionar els esdeveniments d'inundaci贸 en la conca del riu Visp minimitzant els danys en les zones de risc i les p猫rdues en les centrals hidroel猫ctriques. Els resultats obtinguts en les cinc publicacions demostren la validesa de la metodolog铆a. En tots els casos d'estudi i, amb els diferents algoritmes evolutius avaluats, les regles de gesti贸 obtingudes van aconseguir una millor gesti贸 del sistema que l'escenari base de cada cas. Estos resultats solen representar una disminuci贸 dels costos econ貌mics en la gesti贸 dels recursos h铆drics. Comparant els quatre algoritmes, el SCE-UA va demostrar ser el m茅s eficient a causa dels diferents criteris de converg猫ncia. No obstant aix貌, el NSGA-II 茅s el m茅s recomanat a causa de la seua cerca multi-objectiu enfocada en la millora, amb la mateixa import脿ncia, de diferents objectius, on els decisors poden seleccionar la millor opci贸 per a la gesti贸 del sistema.Lerma Elvira, N. (2017). Assessment and implementation of evolutionary algorithms for optimal management rules design in water resources systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Polit猫cnica de Val猫ncia. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90547TESISCompendi

    Models and Solution Approaches for Efficient Design and Operation of Wireless Sensor Networks

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    Recent advancements in sensory devices are presenting various opportunities for widespread applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The most distinguishing characteristic of a WSN is the fact that its sensors have nite and non-renewable energy resources. Many research e orts aim at developing energy e cient network topology and routing schemes for prolonging the network lifetime. However, we notice that, in the majority of the literature, topology control and routing problems are handled separately, thus overlooking the interrelationships among them. In this dissertation, we consider an integrated topology control and routing problem in WSNs which are unique type of data gathering networks characterized by limited energy resources at the sensor nodes distributed over the network. We suggest an underlying hierarchical topology and routing structure that aims to achieve the most prolonged network lifetime via e cient use of limited energy resources and addressing operational speci cities of WSNs such as communication-computation trade-o , data aggregation, and multi-hop data transfer for better energy e ciency. We develop and examine three di erent objectives and their associated mathematical models that de- ne alternative policies to be employed in each period of a deployment cycle for the purpose of maximizing the number of periods so that the network lifetime is prolonged. On the methodology side, we develop e ective solution approaches that are based on decomposition techniques, heuristics and parallel heuristic algorithms. Furthermore, we devise visualization tools to support our optimization e orts and demonstrate that visualization can be very helpful in solving larger and realistic problems with dynamic nature. This dissertation research provides novel analytical models and solution methodologies for important practical problems in WSNs. The solution algorithms developed herein will also contribute to the generalized mixed-discrete optimization problem, especially for the problems with similar characteristics
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