A Survey on Attacks and Preservation Analysis of IDS in Vanet

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are the extremely famous enabling network expertise for Smart Transportation Systems. VANETs serve numerous pioneering impressive operations and prospects although transportation preservation and facilitation functions are their basic drivers. Numerous preservation allied VANETs functions are immediate and task imperative, which would entail meticulous assurance of preservation and authenticity. Yet non preservation associated multimedia operations, which would assist an imperative task in the future, would entail preservation assistance. Short of such preservation and secrecy in VANETs is one of the fundamental barriers to the extensive extended implementations of it. An anxious and untrustworthy VANET could be more hazardous than the structure without VANET assistance. So it is imperative to build specific that “life-critical preservation” data is protected adequate to rely on. Securing the VANETs including proper shield of the secrecy drivers or vehicle possessors is an extremely challenging assignment. In this research paper we review the assaults, equivalent preservation entails and objections in VANETs. We as well present the enormously admired common preservation guidelines which are based on avoidance as well recognition methods. Many VANETs operations entail system wide preservation support rather than individual layer from the VANETs’ protocol heap. This paper will also appraise the existing researches in the perception of holistic method of protection. Finally, we serve some potential future trends to attain system-wide preservation with secrecy pleasant preservation in VANETs. Keywords: VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network), Routing algorithm, Vehicle preservation, IDS, attack, Secrec

A blockchain-based authentication protocol for cooperative vehicular ad hoc network

The efficiency of cooperative communication protocols to increase the reliability and range of transmission for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is proven, but identity verification and communication security are required to be ensured. Though it is difficult to maintain strong network connections between vehicles because of there high mobility, with the help of cooperative communication, it is possible to increase the communication efficiency, minimise delay, packet loss, and Packet Dropping Rate (PDR). However, cooperating with unknown or unauthorized vehicles could result in information theft, privacy leakage, vulnerable to different security attacks, etc. In this paper, a blockchain based secure and privacy preserving authentication protocol is proposed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Blockchain is utilized to store and manage the authentication information in a distributed and decentralized environment and developed on the Ethereum platform that uses a digital signature algorithm to ensure confidentiality, non-repudiation, integrity, and preserving the privacy of the IoVs. For optimized communication, transmitted services are categorized into emergency and optional services. Similarly, to optimize the performance of the authentication process, IoVs are categorized as emergency and general IoVs. The proposed cooperative protocol is validated by numerical analyses which show that the protocol successfully increases the system throughput and decreases PDR and delay. On the other hand, the authentication protocol requires minimum storage as well as generates low computational overhead that is suitable for the IoVs with limited computer resources

A Novel Pseudonym Assignment and Encryption Scheme for Preserving the Privacy of Military Vehicles

In this digital era, security has become one of the important topics of concern, and things become more critical for military vehicles where safety plays a vital role. In this paper, we have discussed a pseudonym-based approach that preserves the real identity of military vehicles. This paper also focuses on military vehicles’ location privacy by deploying a novel pseudonym assignment and encryption schemes. The proposed security scheme is based on a hybrid approach of matrix array symmetric key and the intelligent water drop scheme. After implementing the proposed security scheme, each military vehicle will obtain its pseudonym for hiding their original identities. The proposed algorithm effectively manages pseudonym generation and change requests for the local region and inter-region environment. The proposed security scheme not only provides secure communication and preservation of location privacy of military vehicles but also ensures their security against various attacks. Finally, the time efficiency of proposed algorithms is obtained for both local and inter-region requests. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other existing techniques

Research on security and privacy in vehicular ad hoc networks

Los sistemas de redes ad hoc vehiculares (VANET) tienen como objetivo proporcionar una plataforma para diversas aplicaciones que pueden mejorar la seguridad vial, la eficiencia del tráfico, la asistencia a la conducción, la regulación del transporte, etc. o que pueden proveer de una mejor información y entretenimiento a los usuarios de los vehículos. Actualmente se está llevando a cabo un gran esfuerzo industrial y de investigación para desarrollar un mercado que se estima alcance en un futuro varios miles de millones de euros. Mientras que los enormes beneficios que se esperan de las comunicaciones vehiculares y el gran número de vehículos son los puntos fuertes de las VANET, su principal debilidad es la vulnerabilidad a los ataques contra la seguridad y la privacidad.En esta tesis proponemos cuatro protocolos para conseguir comunicaciones seguras entre vehículos. En nuestra primera propuesta empleamos a todas las unidades en carretera (RSU) para mantener y gestionar un grupo en tiempo real dentro de su rango de comunicación. Los vehículos que entren al grupo de forma anónima pueden emitir mensajes vehículo a vehículo (V2V) que inmediatamente pueden ser verificados por los vehículos del mismo grupo (y grupos de vecinos). Sin embargo, en la primera fase del despliegue de este sistema las RSU pueden no estar bien distribuídas. Consecuentemente, se propone un conjunto de mecanismos para hacer frente a la seguridad, privacidad y los requisitos de gestión de una VANET a gran escala sin la suposición de que las RSU estén densamente distribuidas. La tercera propuesta se centra principalmente en la compresión de las evidencias criptográficas que nos permitirán demostrar, por ejemplo, quien era el culpable en caso de accidente. Por último, investigamos los requisitos de seguridad de los sistemas basados en localización (LBS) sobre VANETs y proponemos un nuevo esquema para la preservación de la privacidad de la localización en estos sistemas sobre dichas redes.Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) systems aim at providing a platform for various applications that can improve traffic safety and efficiency, driver assistance, transportation regulation, infotainment, etc. There is substantial research and industrial effort to develop this market. It is estimated that the market for vehicular communications will reach several billion euros. While the tremendous benefits expected from vehicular communications and the huge number of vehicles are strong points of VANETs, their weakness is vulnerability to attacks against security and privacy.In this thesis, we propose four protocols for secure vehicle communications. In our first proposal, we employ each road-side unit (RSU) to maintain and manage an on-the-fly group within its communication range. Vehicles entering the group can anonymously broadcast vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) messages, which can be instantly verified by the vehicles in the same group (and neighbor groups). However, at the early stage of VANET deployment, the RSUs may not be well distributed. We then propose a set of mechanisms to address the security, privacy, and management requirements of a large-scale VANET without the assumption of densely distributed RSUs. The third proposal is mainly focused on compressing cryptographic witnesses in VANETs. Finally, we investigate the security requirements of LBS in VANETs and propose a new privacy-preserving LBS scheme for those networks

Privacy Preserving Cryptographic Protocols for Secure Heterogeneous Networks

Disertační práce se zabývá kryptografickými protokoly poskytující ochranu soukromí, které jsou určeny pro zabezpečení komunikačních a informačních systémů tvořících heterogenní sítě. Práce se zaměřuje především na možnosti využití nekonvenčních kryptografických prostředků, které poskytují rozšířené bezpečnostní požadavky, jako je například ochrana soukromí uživatelů komunikačního systému. V práci je stanovena výpočetní náročnost kryptografických a matematických primitiv na různých zařízeních, které se podílí na zabezpečení heterogenní sítě. Hlavní cíle práce se zaměřují na návrh pokročilých kryptografických protokolů poskytujících ochranu soukromí. V práci jsou navrženy celkově tři protokoly, které využívají skupinových podpisů založených na bilineárním párování pro zajištění ochrany soukromí uživatelů. Tyto navržené protokoly zajišťují ochranu soukromí a nepopiratelnost po celou dobu datové komunikace spolu s autentizací a integritou přenášených zpráv. Pro navýšení výkonnosti navržených protokolů je využito optimalizačních technik, např. dávkového ověřování, tak aby protokoly byly praktické i pro heterogenní sítě.The dissertation thesis deals with privacy-preserving cryptographic protocols for secure communication and information systems forming heterogeneous networks. The thesis focuses on the possibilities of using non-conventional cryptographic primitives that provide enhanced security features, such as the protection of user privacy in communication systems. In the dissertation, the performance of cryptographic and mathematic primitives on various devices that participate in the security of heterogeneous networks is evaluated. The main objectives of the thesis focus on the design of advanced privacy-preserving cryptographic protocols. There are three designed protocols which use pairing-based group signatures to ensure user privacy. These proposals ensure the protection of user privacy together with the authentication, integrity and non-repudiation of transmitted messages during communication. The protocols employ the optimization techniques such as batch verification to increase their performance and become more practical in heterogeneous networks.

A Secure Business Framework for File Purchasing Application in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are gaining growing interest from both industry and academia. Driven by road safety requirements, the car manufacturers, transportation authorities and communications standards organizations are working together to make a quantum step in terms of vehicular information technology (IT) by equipping the vehicles with sensors, on-board processing and wireless communication modules. VANETs are composed of OBUs (On Board Units) and RSUs (Road Side Units). The communication standard used in VANETs is called DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication). With many essential vehicle components (radios, spectrum, standards, etc) coming into place, a lot of new applications are emerging beside road safety, which support not only safety related services, but also entertainment and mobile Internet access services. In this study, we propose a promising commercial application for file purchasing in VANETs, where a legitimate vehicle can purchase digital files/data through a roadside unit (RSU). Due to the high mobility of the vehicles, the contact period between an RSU and a vehicle could be insufficient to download the complete file. To purchase a digital file, a vehicle purchases a permission key from a fixed RSU and then begins to download the file from the RSU via vehicle-to-RSU communications (V2R) when it is in the transmission range of the RSU. Once the vehicle in the process of downloading a file leaves the transmission range of the RSU, its neighboring vehicles with a piece of the file cooperatively help to complete the file transfer via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Such a commercial file purchasing system can obviously initiate a new application scenario. However, it cannot be put into practice unless the security issues, such as the user privacy, incentives for inter-vehicle cooperation, and the copyright protection for the file content are well addressed. In order to deal with these security issues, we develop a secure business framework for the file purchasing system in this study. In this framework, we preserve the user privacy by using the pseudo identity for each vehicle. We stimulate the cooperation between vehicles through micro-payment incentive mechanism and guarantee the secure payment at the same time. To protect the digital file content from unauthorized distribution, we encrypt the file content before delivery to an end user and use digital fingerprint technology to generate a unique copy for each vehicle after delivery. In a word, we propose a file purchasing application in VANETs and also develop a secure framework for this application

SECURITY, PRIVACY AND APPLICATIONS IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

With wireless vehicular communications, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable numerous applications to enhance traffic safety, traffic efficiency, and driving experience. However, VANETs also impose severe security and privacy challenges which need to be thoroughly investigated. In this dissertation, we enhance the security, privacy, and applications of VANETs, by 1) designing application-driven security and privacy solutions for VANETs, and 2) designing appealing VANET applications with proper security and privacy assurance. First, the security and privacy challenges of VANETs with most application significance are identified and thoroughly investigated. With both theoretical novelty and realistic considerations, these security and privacy schemes are especially appealing to VANETs. Specifically, multi-hop communications in VANETs suffer from packet dropping, packet tampering, and communication failures which have not been satisfyingly tackled in literature. Thus, a lightweight reliable and faithful data packet relaying framework (LEAPER) is proposed to ensure reliable and trustworthy multi-hop communications by enhancing the cooperation of neighboring nodes. Message verification, including both content and signature verification, generally is computation-extensive and incurs severe scalability issues to each node. The resource-aware message verification (RAMV) scheme is proposed to ensure resource-aware, secure, and application-friendly message verification in VANETs. On the other hand, to make VANETs acceptable to the privacy-sensitive users, the identity and location privacy of each node should be properly protected. To this end, a joint privacy and reputation assurance (JPRA) scheme is proposed to synergistically support privacy protection and reputation management by reconciling their inherent conflicting requirements. Besides, the privacy implications of short-time certificates are thoroughly investigated in a short-time certificates-based privacy protection (STCP2) scheme, to make privacy protection in VANETs feasible with short-time certificates. Secondly, three novel solutions, namely VANET-based ambient ad dissemination (VAAD), general-purpose automatic survey (GPAS), and VehicleView, are proposed to support the appealing value-added applications based on VANETs. These solutions all follow practical application models, and an incentive-centered architecture is proposed for each solution to balance the conflicting requirements of the involved entities. Besides, the critical security and privacy challenges of these applications are investigated and addressed with novel solutions. Thus, with proper security and privacy assurance, these solutions show great application significance and economic potentials to VANETs. Thus, by enhancing the security, privacy, and applications of VANETs, this dissertation fills the gap between the existing theoretic research and the realistic implementation of VANETs, facilitating the realistic deployment of VANETs

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks