Standards-based wireless sensor networks for power system condition monitoring

This paper assesses the industrial needs motivating interest in wireless monito ring within the power industry, and reviews applications of WSN technology for substation condition monitoring (Section 2). A key contribution is the identification of a set of technical requirements for substation - based WSNs, focused around security requi rements, robustness to RF noise, and other utility - specific concerns (Section 3). Section 4 comprehensively assesses the suitability of various IWSN protocols for substation environments, using these requirements. A case study implementation of one standar d, ISA100.11a, is reported in Section 5, along with deployment experience. The paper concludes by describing future research challenges for WSN protocols which are specific to this domain

Wireless Sensor Technology Selection for I4.0 Manufacturing Systems

The term smart manufacturing has surfaced as an industrial revolution in Germany known as Industry 4.0 (I4.0); this revolution aims to help the manufacturers adapt to turbulent market trends. Its main scope is implementing machine communication, both vertically and horizontally across the manufacturing hierarchy through Internet of things (IoT), technologies and servitization concepts. The main objective of this research is to help manufacturers manage the high levels of variety and the extreme turbulence of market trends through developing a selection tool that utilizes Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques to recommend a suitable industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) technology that fits their manufacturing requirements.In this thesis, IWSN technologies and their properties were identified, analyzed and compared to identify their potential suitability for different industrial manufacturing system application areas. The study included the identification and analysis of different industrial system types, their application areas, scenarios and respective communication requirements. The developed tool’s sensitivity is also tested to recommend different IWSN technology options with changing influential factors. Also, a prioritizing protocol is introduced in the case where more than one IWSN technology options are recommended by the AHP tool.A real industrial case study with the collaboration of SPM Automation Inc. is presented, where the industrial systems’ class, communication traffic types, and communication requirements were analyzed to recommend a suitable IWSN technology that fits their requirements and assists their shift towards I4.0 through utilizing AHP techniques. The results of this research will serve as a step forward, in the transformation process of manufacturing towards a more digitalized and better connected cyber-physical systems; thus, enhancing manufacturing attributes such as flexibility, reconfigurability, scalability and easing the shift towards implementing I4.0

Integration of wirelessHART and STK600 development kit for data collection in wireless sensor networks

Offshore industry operates in world’s most challenging environment. Oil and gas facilities aim for continuous production to achieve the desired goals and a robust communication network is required to avoid production loses. The IEEE 802.15.4 specification has enabled low cost, low power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) capable of providing robust communication and therefore utilises as a promising technology in oil and gas industry. The two most prominent industrial standards using the IEEE 802.15.4 radio technology are WirelessHART and ISA100.11a.These are currently the competitors in the automation and offshore industry. In this project, we have worked on Nivis WirelessHART development kit that has some on-board sensors. Our main goal is to integrate WirelessHART with external sensor board so that we can get the readings from external sensors and publish the data over web interface provided by Nivis. Since, Nivis WirelessHART field router is not an open source and un-programmable, therefore it is considered as a black box. Due to lack of such capabilities, we cannot connect external sensor directly to Nivis radio. We have chosen Atmel STK600-Atmega2560 development kit as an external sensor board. In order to establish communication between STK600 and Nivis WirelessHART, we have written an application in AVR studio and flash it to STK600 over the USB connection. We have implemented a serial communication protocol called Nivis simple API and made Nivis board able to get data from sensors interfacing STK600. Nivis radio will then forward this data to WirelessHART through HART gateway. Moreover, we have configured Monitoring Host to visualize the data from external sensors along with built-in sensors over the Monitoring Control System (MCS). Finally, we evaluate our implementation by various experiments and prove that the overall flow is working properly

Deploy&Forget Wireless Sensor Networks for itinerant applications

[EN] Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a disruptive paradigm which will bring new ways of monitoring, control and management for Industry 4.0 and Smart Cities. It relies on smart and connected sensors enabled by a new generation of communication technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Although various solutions are becoming available, the reality is most of the end users of these systems won't be communications experts, so the complexity and deployment difficulties are strong barriers for adopting this technology. This article briefly summarizes the state of art of current industrial wireless sensor networks technology, and presents the concept of Deploy&Forget network: a solution to enable the rapid deployment of WSN by assisting users onsite, reducing time and complexity of deployment, and includes a designed protocol stack to ensure unattended and long lasting operation. This technology emerges as an evolution of previous WSN works where these problems where clearly identified, and has been deployed and validated in water management tasks for Valencia, energy measurement in offices, and contextual monitoring for "Zero-Defect Manufacturing" for Industry 4.0. (c) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.This work is supported by the Spanish Government MEC Project TIN2013-47272-C2-1-R, the regional Generalitat Valenciana's grants for research groups (AICO/2015/121), and by the IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) through FEDER funding (exp. IMDEEA/2017/103).Todoli Ferrandis, D.; Silvestre-Blanes, J.; Santonja Climent, S.; Sempere Paya, VM.; Vera-Pérez, J. (2018). Deploy&Forget Wireless Sensor Networks for itinerant applications. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 56:27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2017.09.002S27405

Efficient Security Protocols for Constrained Devices

During the last decades, more and more devices have been connected to the Internet.Today, there are more devices connected to the Internet than humans.An increasingly more common type of devices are cyber-physical devices.A device that interacts with its environment is called a cyber-physical device.Sensors that measure their environment and actuators that alter the physical environment are both cyber-physical devices.Devices connected to the Internet risk being compromised by threat actors such as hackers.Cyber-physical devices have become a preferred target for threat actors since the consequence of an intrusion disrupting or destroying a cyber-physical system can be severe.Cyber attacks against power and energy infrastructure have caused significant disruptions in recent years.Many cyber-physical devices are categorized as constrained devices.A constrained device is characterized by one or more of the following limitations: limited memory, a less powerful CPU, or a limited communication interface.Many constrained devices are also powered by a battery or energy harvesting, which limits the available energy budget.Devices must be efficient to make the most of the limited resources.Mitigating cyber attacks is a complex task, requiring technical and organizational measures.Constrained cyber-physical devices require efficient security mechanisms to avoid overloading the systems limited resources.In this thesis, we present research on efficient security protocols for constrained cyber-physical devices.We have implemented and evaluated two state-of-the-art protocols, OSCORE and Group OSCORE.These protocols allow end-to-end protection of CoAP messages in the presence of untrusted proxies.Next, we have performed a formal protocol verification of WirelessHART, a protocol for communications in an industrial control systems setting.In our work, we present a novel attack against the protocol.We have developed a novel architecture for industrial control systems utilizing the Digital Twin concept.Using a state synchronization protocol, we propagate state changes between the digital and physical twins.The Digital Twin can then monitor and manage devices.We have also designed a protocol for secure ownership transfer of constrained wireless devices. Our protocol allows the owner of a wireless sensor network to transfer control of the devices to a new owner.With a formal protocol verification, we can guarantee the security of both the old and new owners.Lastly, we have developed an efficient Private Stream Aggregation (PSA) protocol.PSA allows devices to send encrypted measurements to an aggregator.The aggregator can combine the encrypted measurements and calculate the decrypted sum of the measurements.No party will learn the measurement except the device that generated it

The role of communication systems in smart grids: Architectures, technical solutions and research challenges

The purpose of this survey is to present a critical overview of smart grid concepts, with a special focus on the role that communication, networking and middleware technologies will have in the transformation of existing electric power systems into smart grids. First of all we elaborate on the key technological, economical and societal drivers for the development of smart grids. By adopting a data-centric perspective we present a conceptual model of communication systems for smart grids, and we identify functional components, technologies, network topologies and communication services that are needed to support smart grid communications. Then, we introduce the fundamental research challenges in this field including communication reliability and timeliness, QoS support, data management services, and autonomic behaviors. Finally, we discuss the main solutions proposed in the literature for each of them, and we identify possible future research directions

DeMon++: A framework for designing and implementing Distributed Monitoring Systems based on Hierarchical Finite State Machines

In today’s interconnected world, the proliferation of diverse and numerous devices has become increasingly common. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the field of industrial computing, which has experienced rapid growth. With this rapid expansion, monitoring an industrial control system (ICS) consisting of a large num- ber of devices becomes a critical activity. To evaluate our approach, we chose the CERN ICS as a suitable case study for our research. The CERN ICS is a complex network of thousands of heterogeneous control devices, including PLCs, front-end computers, supervisory control and data acquisition systems. Our approach resulted in DeMon++, a framework for designing and implementing distributed monitoring systems. DeMon++ uses the concept of hierarchical finite state machines to model the system, capturing the hierarchical relationship between devices. In particular, DeMon++ aims to be a flexible, scalable and maintainable monitoring framework to abstract, aggregate and summarise the health state of industrial control sys- tems composed of a heterogeneous set of devices. As part of the CERN OpenLab programme, this thesis provides a flexible and maintainable approach to monitoring complex and distributed ICS, with a particular focus on the demanding environment of CERN

Применение беспроводной технологии автоматизированного управления газораспределительной системы

Разработка и исследование усовершенствованного управления транспортом газа потребителю на основе автономных контрольно-измерительных приборов. Обзор перспективных технологических направлений в области автоматизации технологических процессов транспортировки газа потребителю. Анализ автономных датчиков различных мировых компаний. Разработка алгоритмов пуска и аварийного останова со стравливанием газа газораспределительной станции.Development and research of improved management of gas transport to consumers based on autonomous instrumentation. A review of promising technological areas in the field of automation of technological processes of gas transportation to the consumer. Analysis of autonomous sensors of various world companies. Development of start-up and emergency stop algorithms with gas bleeding of a gas distribution station

Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors

During the past few decades, information technologies have been evolving at a tremendous rate, causing profound changes to our world and to our ways of living. Emerging applications have opened u[ new routes and set new trends for antenna sensors. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the adaptation of antenna technologies for sensor and sensing applications has become more important. Now, the antennas must be reconfigurable, flexible, low profile, and low-cost, for applications from airborne and vehicles, to machine-to-machine, IoT, 5G, etc. This reprint aims to introduce and treat a series of advanced and emerging topics in the field of antenna sensors