On-chip ultra low power optical wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes targeting structural health monitoring

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed nodes deployed for monitoring the physical conditions and organizing collected data at the central control unit. Power consumption is the challenges in WSN as the network consists of wireless sensor nodes becomes denser. By utilizing WSN and visible light technology, a simple health monitoring system design can be approached that are smaller in size, faster and lower power consumption. This work focuses on design a low power optical wake-up receiver to reduce the energy consumption of each node in WSN. A wake-up receiver is designed to be always-on for detecting incoming signal and switches on the stand by protocol controller and WSN network for data transmission process. The characteristic of optical transmission and functional circuit of a wake-up receiver has been investigated. A low power optical wake-up receiver has been designed in 180nm Silterra CMOS process technology. The proposed wake-up receiver consumes only 443pW in standby mode and 1.89nW in active mode. The proposed optical wake-up receiver drastically reduces the power consumption by more than one third compared to other wake-up receivers which could be a milestone in the medical field if successfully conducted

On-Chip Ultra Low Power Optical Wake-Up Receiver For Wireless Sensor Nodes Targeting Structural Health Monitoring

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed nodes deployed for monitoring the physical conditions and organizing collected data at the central control unit. Power consumption is the challenges in WSN as the network consists of wireless sensor nodes becomes denser. By utilizing WSN and visible light technology, a simple health monitoring system design can be approached that are smaller in size, faster and lower power consumption. This work focuses on design a low power optical wake-up receiver to reduce the energy consumption of each node in WSN. A wake-up receiver is designed to be always-on for detecting incoming signal and switches on the stand by protocol controller and WSN network for data transmission process. The characteristic of optical transmission and functional circuit of a wake-up receiver has been investigated. A low power optical wake-up receiver has been designed in 180nm Silterra CMOS process technology. The proposed wake-up receiver consumes only 443pW in standby mode and 1.89nW in active mode. The proposed optical wake-up receiver drastically reduces the power consumption by more than one third compared to other wake-up receivers which could be a milestone in the medical field if successfully conducte

On-demand sensor node wake-up using solar panels and visible light communication

To significantly reduce, or eliminate completely, the energy waste caused by the standby (idle) mode of wireless sensor nodes, we propose a novel on-demand wake-up system, which allows the nodes to be put into sleep mode unless their activation is truly necessary. Although there have been many studies proposing RF-based wake-up radio systems, in this work, we develop the first visible light communication (VLC)-based wake-up system. The developed system can extend the existing VLC systems and can be exploited to derive new application areas such as VLC tags. The system uses an off-the-shell indoor solar panel as receptor device of the wake-up signal as well as for energy harvesting purposes, through which it is able to harvest enough energy for its autonomous work. The design, implementation details and the experimental evaluation results are presented, which include flickering characterization and wake-up range evaluations. The results show that the developed system achieve reasonable wake-up distances for indoor environments, mainly where the use of VLC systems are considered.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Récepteur Sans-Fil à Basse Consommation et à Modulation Mixte FSK-ASK pour les Dispositifs Médicaux

RÉSUMÉ Les émetteurs-récepteurs radiofréquences (RF) offrent le lien de communications le plus commun afin de mettre au point des dispositifs médicaux implantables dédiés aux interfaces homme-machines. La surveillance en continu des paramètres biologiques des patients nécessite un module de communication sans-fil capable de garantir un échange de données rapide, en temps réel, à faible puissance tout en étant implémenté dans un espace physique réduit. La consommation de puissance des dispositifs implantables joue un rôle important dans les durées de vie des batteries qui nécessitent une chirurgie pour leur remplacement, à moins qu’une technique de transfert de puissance sans-fil soit utilisée pour recharger la batterie ou alimenter l’implant a travers les tissus humains. Dans ce projet, nous avons conçu, implémenté et testé un récepteur RF à faible puissance et haut-débit de données opérant entre 902 et 928 MHz qui est la bande industrielle-scientifiquemédicale (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) d’Amérique du Nord. Ce récepteur fait partie d’un système de communication bidirectionnel dédié à l’interface sans-fil des dispositifs électroniques implantables et bénéficie d’une nouvelle technique de conversion de modulation par déplacement de fréquence (FSK) en Modulation par déplacement d’amplitude (ASK). Toutes les phases de conception et d’implémentation de la topologie adoptée pour les récepteurs RF sont survolées et discutées dans cette thèse. Les différents étages de circuits sont conçus selon une étude analytique fondée de la modulation FSK et ASK utilisées, ce qui permettra une amélioration des performances notamment le débit de transmission des données et la consommation de puissance. Tous les circuits sont réalisés de façon à ce que la consommation totale et la surface de silicium à réserver soient le minimum possible. Un oscillateur avec verrouillage par injection (Injection-Looked Oscillator - ILO) de faible puissance est réalisé pour assurer la conversion des signaux ASK en FSK. Une combinaison des avantages des deux architectures de modulation d’amplitude et de fréquence, pour les circuits d’émetteurrécepteur sans fil, a été réalisé avec le système proposé. Un module incluant un récepteur de réveil (Wake up) est ajouté afin d’optimiser la consommation totale du circuit en mettant tous les blocs à l’arrêt. Nous avons réalisé un récepteur de réveil RF compact et à faible coût, permettant de très faible niveaux de consommation d’énergie, une bonne sensibilité et une meilleure tolérance aux interférences. Le design est basé sur une topologie homodyne à détection d’enveloppe permettant une transposition directe du signal RF modulé en amplitude en un signal en bande de base. Cette architecture nécessite une architecture peu encombrante à intégrer qui élimine le problème des fréquences image pour la même topologie avec une modulation de fréquence.---------- ABSTRACT ISM band transceiver using a wake-up bloc for wireless body area networks (WBANs) wearable and implantable medical devices is proposed. The system achieves exceptionally low-power consumption and allows a high-data rate by combining the advantages of Frequency-Shift-Keying (FSK) and Amplitude-Shift- Keying (ASK) modulation techniques. The transceiver employs FSK modulation at a data rate of 8 Mbit/s to establish RF link among the medical device and a control unit. Transmitter (Tx) includes a new efficient FSK modulation scheme which offer up to 20 Mb/s of data-rate and dissipates around 0.084 nJ/b. The design of the proposed oscillator achieves variable frequency from 300 kHz to 8 MHz by adjusting the transistors geometry, the on-chip control signal and the tuning capacitors. In the transmitter path, the high-quality LOs Inand Quadrature-phase (I and Q) outputs are produced using a very low-power fully integrated integer-N frequency synthesizer. The architecture of the receiver is inspired from the super-regenerative receiver (SRR) topology which can be used to design a transceiver that is suitable for ASK modulation. In fact, this architecture is based mainly on envelope detection scheme which remove the need to process the carrier phase to reduce the complexity of integrated design. It has been shown too, that the envelope detection scheme is more robust to phase noise than the coherent scheme. The integrated receiver uses on a new FSK-to-ASK conversion technique. The conversion feature that we adopt in the main receiver design is based on the fact that the incident frequency of converter could be differentiated by the amplitude of output signal, which conducts to the frequency-to-amplitude conversion. Thanks to the injection locking oscillator (ILO). the new design of converter is located between the LNA as first part and the envelope detector as second part to benefit from the injection-locking isolation. On-Off-keying (OOK) fully passive wake-up circuit (WuRx) with energy harvesting from Radio Frequency (RF) link is used to optimize the power issipation of the RF transceiver in order to meet the low power requirement. The WuRx operates at the ISM 902–928 MHz. A high efficiency differential rectifier behaves as voltage multiplier. It generates the envelope of the input signal and provides the supply voltage for the rest of blocks including a low-power comparator and reference generators