Görbék és felületek a geometriai modellezésben = Curves and surfaces in geometric modelling

B-spline görbék/felületek pontjai által, az alakzat két csomóértékének szimmetrikus változtatásakor leírt pályagörbéket vizsgáltuk, és olyan alakmódosítási eljárást adtunk, amivel a felület adott pontját/paramétervonalát előre megadott helyre mozgathatjuk a csomóértékek változtatásával. A C-Bézier, C-B-spline és F-B-spline görbék pályagörbéinek geometriai tulajdonságait írtuk le, és erre alapozva geometriai kényszereket kielégítő alakmódosításokat vizsgáltuk. Olyan általános leírási módot (linear blending) adtunk, mely egységesen kezeli az alakparaméterekkel rendelkező görbék széles osztályát, továbbá konkrét esetekben e paraméterek geometriai hatását írtuk le és kényszeres alakmódosításokra adtunk megoldást. A csomóértékeknek az interpoláló görbére gyakorolt hatását vizsgáltuk, mely alapján a harmadfokú interpoláció esetére interaktív alakmódosító eljárást dolgoztunk ki. Kontrollpontokkal adott görbék szingularitásainak detektálására a kontrollpontok helyzetén alapuló megoldást adtunk. Kontrollpont alapú szükséges és elégséges feltételt adtunk arra, hogy a Bézier-felület paramétervonalai egyenesek legyenek. Olyan Monte Carlo módszert dolgoztunk ki, amely rendezetlen ponthalmaz felülettel való interpolálásához négyszöghálót hoz létre a pontfelhő (mely elágazásokat és hurkokat is tartalmazhat) és annak topológikus gráfja ismeretében. A csonkolt Fourier-sorok terében olyan ciklikus bázist adtunk meg, amellyel végtelen simaságú zárt görbéket és felületeket írhatunk le. | We studied paths of points of B-spline curves/surfaces obtained by the symmetric alteration of two knot values and provided a constrained shape modification method that is capable of moving a point/isoparametric line of the surface to a user specified position. We described the geometric properties of paths of C-Bézier, C-B-spline and F-B-spline curves and on this basis we studied shape modifications subject to geometric constraints. We developed the general linear blending method that treats a wide class of curves with shape parameters in a uniform way; in special cases we described the geometric effects of shape parameters and provided constrained shape modification methods. We examined the impact of knots on the shape of interpolating curves, based on which we developed an interactive shape modification method for cubic interpolation. We proposed a control point based solution to the problem of singularity detection of curves described by control points. We provided control point based necessary and sufficient conditions for Bézier surfaces to have linear isoparametric lines. We developed a Monte Carlo method to generate a quadrilateral mesh (for surface interpolation) from point clouds (with possible junctions and loops) and their topological graph. We specified a cyclic basis in the space of truncated Fourier series by means of which we can describe closed curves and surfaces with C^infinity

ALPHA_I, Remote Manufacturing, and Solid Freeform Fabrication

Alpha_l is a nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBs) based solid modeling system that has been developed at the University of Utah over the past 10 years. In addition to being useful in modeling objects that are described by simple rotation and extrusion operations, the real power of Alpha_l is demonstrated in the modeling of complex parts with sculptured surfaces. For the past several years, a major research thrust has been to use Alpha_l to semi-automatically generate process plan information and numerical control code to manufacture mechanical parts directly from the models. A long term goal is to support an on-line remote manufacturing facility for producing prototype parts. Recently, a 3D Systems stereo lithography machine has been added to the advanced manufacturing laboratory. The stereo lithography process and other SFF techniques are of particular interest for supporting a remote manufacturing facility in that these processes are inherently much safer than numerically controlled machining. Special Alpha_l interfaces including a new slicing algorithm are being developed for the SFF machine use. By generating a SFF part directly from its NURBs description, Alpha_l should facilitate the manufacture of complex parts while providing smoother surfaces.Mechanical Engineerin

Smooth quasi-developable surfaces bounded by smooth curves

Computing a quasi-developable strip surface bounded by design curves finds wide industrial applications. Existing methods compute discrete surfaces composed of developable lines connecting sampling points on input curves which are not adequate for generating smooth quasi-developable surfaces. We propose the first method which is capable of exploring the full solution space of continuous input curves to compute a smooth quasi-developable ruled surface with as large developability as possible. The resulting surface is exactly bounded by the input smooth curves and is guaranteed to have no self-intersections. The main contribution is a variational approach to compute a continuous mapping of parameters of input curves by minimizing a function evaluating surface developability. Moreover, we also present an algorithm to represent a resulting surface as a B-spline surface when input curves are B-spline curves.Comment: 18 page

T-spline based unifying registration procedure for free-form surface workpieces in intelligent CMM

With the development of the modern manufacturing industry, the free-form surface is widely used in various fields, and the automatic detection of a free-form surface is an important function of future intelligent three-coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). To improve the intelligence of CMMs, a new visual system is designed based on the characteristics of CMMs. A unified model of the free-form surface is proposed based on T-splines. A discretization method of the T-spline surface formula model is proposed. Under this discretization, the position and orientation of the workpiece would be recognized by point cloud registration. A high accuracy evaluation method is proposed between the measured point cloud and the T-spline surface formula. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential to realize the automatic detection of different free-form surfaces and improve the intelligence of CMMs

Key Challenges and Opportunities in Hull Form Design Optimisation for Marine and Offshore Applications

New environmental regulations and volatile fuel prices have resulted in an ever-increasing need for reduction in carbon emission and fuel consumption. Designs of marine and offshore vessels are more demanding with complex operating requirements and oil and gas exploration venturing into deeper waters and hasher environments. Combinations of these factors have led to the need to optimise the design of the hull for the marine and offshore industry. The contribution of this paper is threefold. Firstly, the paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-ofthe- art techniques in hull form design. Specifically, it analyses geometry modelling, shape transformation, optimisation and performance evaluation. Strengths and weaknesses of existing solutions are also discussed. Secondly, key challenges of hull form optimisation specific to the design of marine and offshore vessels are identified and analysed. Thirdly, future trends in performing hull form design optimisation are investigated and possible solutions proposed. A case study on the design optimisation of bulbous bow for passenger ferry vessel to reduce wavemaking resistance is presented using NAPA software. Lastly, main issues and challenges are discussed to stimulate further ideas on future developments in this area, including the use of parallel computing and machine intelligence

Fast generation of 3D deformable moving surfaces

Dynamic surface modeling is an important subject of geometric modeling due to their extensive applications in engineering design, entertainment and medical visualization. Many deformable objects in the real world are dynamic objects as their shapes change over time. Traditional geometric modeling methods are mainly concerned with static problems, therefore unsuitable for the representation of dynamic objects. Apart from the definition of a dynamic modeling problem, another key issue is how to solve the problem. Because of the complexity of the representations, currently the finite element method or finite difference method is usually used. Their major shortcoming is the excessive computational cost, hence not ideal for applications requiring real-time performance. We propose a representation of dynamic surface modeling with a set of fourth order dynamic partial differential equations (PDEs). To solve these dynamic PDEs accurately and efficiently, we also develop an effective resolution method. This method is further extended to achieve local deformation and produce n-sided patches. It is demonstrated that this new method is almost as fast and accurate as the analytical closed form resolution method and much more efficient and accurate than the numerical methods