A unified framework for subspace based face recognition.

Wang Xiaogang.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Abstract --- p.iAcknowledgments --- p.vTable of Contents --- p.viList of Figures --- p.viiiList of Tables --- p.xChapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Face recognition --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Subspace based face recognition technique --- p.2Chapter 1.3 --- Unified framework for subspace based face recognition --- p.4Chapter 1.4 --- Discriminant analysis in dual intrapersonal subspaces --- p.5Chapter 1.5 --- Face sketch recognition and hallucination --- p.6Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of this thesis --- p.7Chapter Chapter 2 --- Review of Subspace Methods --- p.8Chapter 2.1 --- PCA --- p.8Chapter 2.2 --- LDA --- p.9Chapter 2.3 --- Bayesian algorithm --- p.12Chapter Chapter 3 --- A Unified Framework --- p.14Chapter 3.1 --- PCA eigenspace --- p.16Chapter 3.2 --- Intrapersonal and extrapersonal subspaces --- p.17Chapter 3.3 --- LDA subspace --- p.18Chapter 3.4 --- Comparison of the three subspaces --- p.19Chapter 3.5 --- L-ary versus binary classification --- p.22Chapter 3.6 --- Unified subspace analysis --- p.23Chapter 3.7 --- Discussion --- p.26Chapter Chapter 4 --- Experiments on Unified Subspace Analysis --- p.28Chapter 4.1 --- Experiments on FERET database --- p.28Chapter 4.1.1 --- PCA Experiment --- p.28Chapter 4.1.2 --- Bayesian experiment --- p.29Chapter 4.1.3 --- Bayesian analysis in reduced PCA subspace --- p.30Chapter 4.1.4 --- Extract discriminant features from intrapersonal subspace --- p.33Chapter 4.1.5 --- Subspace analysis using different training sets --- p.34Chapter 4.2 --- Experiments on the AR face database --- p.36Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Experiments on PCA, LDA and Bayes" --- p.37Chapter 4.2.2 --- Evaluate the Bayesian algorithm for different transformation --- p.38Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discriminant Analysis in Dual Subspaces --- p.41Chapter 5.1 --- Review of LDA in the null space of and direct LDA --- p.42Chapter 5.1.1 --- LDA in the null space of --- p.42Chapter 5.1.2 --- Direct LDA --- p.43Chapter 5.1.3 --- Discussion --- p.44Chapter 5.2 --- Discriminant analysis in dual intrapersonal subspaces --- p.45Chapter 5.3 --- Experiment --- p.50Chapter 5.3.1 --- Experiment on FERET face database --- p.50Chapter 5.3.2 --- Experiment on the XM2VTS database --- p.53Chapter Chapter 6 --- Eigentransformation: Subspace Transform --- p.54Chapter 6.1 --- Face sketch recognition --- p.54Chapter 6.1.1 --- Eigentransformation --- p.56Chapter 6.1.2 --- Sketch synthesis --- p.59Chapter 6.1.3 --- Face sketch recognition --- p.61Chapter 6.1.4 --- Experiment --- p.63Chapter 6.2 --- Face hallucination --- p.69Chapter 6.2.1 --- Multiresolution analysis --- p.71Chapter 6.2.2 --- Eigentransformation for hallucination --- p.72Chapter 6.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.75Chapter 6.2.4 --- Experiment --- p.77Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.83Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.85Publication List of This Thesis --- p.87Bibliography --- p.8

Face Recognition Based Attendance System Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Linear Support Vector Machine

In the 21st century, modern technology is playing an important role in providing innovative on traditional challenges across various domains or sectors. One such challenging task is of daily attendance marking and tracking. Manual attendance requires efforts and it is time-consuming. Sometimes attendance cannot be mark due to human errors. Relying on voice, iris, or fingerprint recognition, increases the complexity and the hardware infrastructure of the system and also increases the cost. To effectively address such issues, we have developed a “Camera based Attendance System”. This system encompasses several crucial stages, including data entry, dataset of multiple people. It is an image-based face recognition system for marking attendance on the SQL database. It excels in detecting and recognizing multiple individuals faces from image and comparing it with the dataset for accurately marking the attendance. This makes the attendance marking process fully automatic. Remarkably, our proposed system attains an impressive recognition and provides the accuracy of approximately 95%. With this solution, daily attendance marking and recording becomes effortless and the stored attendance record can be also used in future if require, eliminating the risk of attendance not getting marked due to human error.&nbsp

Portraits, Likenesses, Composites? Facial Difference in Forensic Art

The police composite sketch is arguably the most fundamental example of forensic art, and one which enjoys considerable cultural prominence. Intended to produce a positive identification of a specific individual, composites are a form of visual intelligence rather than hard evidence. Based on verbal descriptions drawn from memory deriving from highly contingent and possibly traumatic events, composites are by definition unique and precarious forensic objects, representing an epistemological paradox in their definition as simultaneous ‘artistic impression’ and ‘pictorial statement’. And despite decades of operational use, only in recent years has the field of cognitive psychology begun to fully understand and address the conditions that affect recognition rates both positively and negatively. How might composites contribute to our understanding of representational concepts such as ‘likeness’ and ‘accuracy’? And what role does visual medium – drawn, photographic or computerized depiction – play in the legibility of these images? Situated within the broader context of forensic art practices, this paper proceeds from an understanding that the face is simultaneously crafted as an analogy of the self and a forensic technology. In other words, the face is a space where concepts of identification and identity, sameness and difference (often uncomfortably) converge. With reference to selected examples from laboratory research, field application and artistic practice, I consider how composites, through their particular techniques and form, contribute to subject-making, and how they embody the fugitive, in literal and figurative terms

Variable-density flow in the subsurface of oceanic islands : physical experiments and numerical modeling

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Determinants of estimated face composite quality

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-157 ).This thesis addresses the evaluation of an investigative tool commonly used by police forces around the world, namely a face composite or facial likeness. The process of constructing a composite involves a number of cognitive elements, all of which contribute to the final composite quality. This thesis examines elements of the construction process and assessment of the final composite quality in research and practice. There are three main aspects to the empirical work reported here. The first, consisting of two experimental studies, investigates the possibility of reinstating context as a way of improving composite quality. The second examines composite construction and use within the South African Police Service. The third examined the measurement of composite quality itself

Example Based Caricature Synthesis

The likeness of a caricature to the original face image is an essential and often overlooked part of caricature production. In this paper we present an example based caricature synthesis technique, consisting of shape exaggeration, relationship exaggeration, and optimization for likeness. Rather than relying on a large training set of caricature face pairs, our shape exaggeration step is based on only one or a small number of examples of facial features. The relationship exaggeration step introduces two definitions which facilitate global facial feature synthesis. The first is the T-Shape rule, which describes the relative relationship between the facial elements in an intuitive manner. The second is the so called proportions, which characterizes the facial features in a proportion form. Finally we introduce a similarity metric as the likeness metric based on the Modified Hausdorff Distance (MHD) which allows us to optimize the configuration of facial elements, maximizing likeness while satisfying a number of constraints. The effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated with experimental results

Towards extracting artistic sketches and maps from digital elevation models

The main trend of computer graphics is the creation of photorealistic images however, there is increasing interest in the simulation of artistic and illustrative techniques. This thesis investigates a profile based technique for automatically extracting artistic sketches from regular grid digital elevation models. The results resemble those drawn by skilled cartographers and artists.The use of cartographic line simplification algorithms, which are usually applied to complex two-dimensional lines such as coastlines, allow a set of most important points on the terrain surface to be identified, these form the basis for sketching.This thesis also contains a wide ranging review of terrain representation techniques and suggests a new taxonomy

The influence of some factors affecting facial composite production and their application in practical policing

Abstract To date, identification performance from composites remains poor, especially where forensically valid procedures are adopted in the construction process. Several experiments have assessed some of the reasons for poor performance. In the first experiment, the effects of operator performance were assessed through the construction of composites of the same targets across novice and experienced operators. Performance was assessed through uncued naming and likeness ratings and results indicated that the performance of the experienced operator may have been no better than novice operator performance (however, there were procedural differences). Target distinctiveness was also manipulated and targets rated as being highly distinctive were identified more often than targets with low distinctiveness. The second experiment concentrated on the effects of retention interval (2 days and 1 week) and artistic enhancement. Naming and likeness ratings were poor. Likeness ratings revealed an advantage for composites constructed with the shorter retention interval. The use of artistic elaboration appeared advantageous with the longer retention interval of one week. A third experiment implemented retention intervals of 3 - 4 hours and 2 days. Again, naming levels and likeness ratings were poor. There was a trend in the direction of the shorter retention interval providing better identification results