2,334 research outputs found
Generating functions of bipartite maps on orientable surfaces
We compute, for each genus , the generating function of (labelled) bipartite maps on the orientable surface of
genus , with control on all face degrees. We exhibit an explicit change of
variables such that for each , is a rational function in the new
variables, computable by an explicit recursion on the genus. The same holds for
the generating function of rooted bipartite maps. The form of the result
is strikingly similar to the Goulden/Jackson/Vakil and
Goulden/Guay-Paquet/Novak formulas for the generating functions of classical
and monotone Hurwitz numbers respectively, which suggests stronger links
between these models. Our result complements recent results of Kazarian and
Zograf, who studied the case where the number of faces is bounded, in the
equivalent formalism of dessins d'enfants. Our proofs borrow some ideas from
Eynard's "topological recursion" that he applied in particular to even-faced
maps (unconventionally called "bipartite maps" in his work). However, the
present paper requires no previous knowledge of this topic and comes with
elementary (complex-analysis-free) proofs written in the perspective of formal
power series.Comment: 31 pages, 2 figure
Invariants of algebraic curves and topological expansion
For any arbitrary algebraic curve, we define an infinite sequence of
invariants. We study their properties, in particular their variation under a
variation of the curve, and their modular properties. We also study their
limits when the curve becomes singular. In addition we find that they can be
used to define a formal series, which satisfies formally an Hirota equation,
and we thus obtain a new way of constructing a tau function attached to an
algebraic curve. These invariants are constructed in order to coincide with the
topological expansion of a matrix formal integral, when the algebraic curve is
chosen as the large N limit of the matrix model's spectral curve. Surprisingly,
we find that the same invariants also give the topological expansion of other
models, in particular the matrix model with an external field, and the
so-called double scaling limit of matrix models, i.e. the (p,q) minimal models
of conformal field theory. As an example to illustrate the efficiency of our
method, we apply it to the Kontsevitch integral, and we give a new and
extremely easy proof that Kontsevitch integral depends only on odd times, and
that it is a KdV tau-function.Comment: 92 pages, LaTex, 33 figures, many misprints corrected, small
modifications, additional figure
Algebraic methods in random matrices and enumerative geometry
We review the method of symplectic invariants recently introduced to solve
matrix models loop equations, and further extended beyond the context of matrix
models. For any given spectral curve, one defined a sequence of differential
forms, and a sequence of complex numbers Fg . We recall the definition of the
invariants Fg, and we explain their main properties, in particular symplectic
invariance, integrability, modularity,... Then, we give several example of
applications, in particular matrix models, enumeration of discrete surfaces
(maps), algebraic geometry and topological strings, non-intersecting brownian
motions,...Comment: review article, Latex, 139 pages, many figure
Geometry of Spectral Curves and All Order Dispersive Integrable System
We propose a definition for a Tau function and a spinor kernel (closely
related to Baker-Akhiezer functions), where times parametrize slow (of order
1/N) deformations of an algebraic plane curve. This definition consists of a
formal asymptotic series in powers of 1/N, where the coefficients involve theta
functions whose phase is linear in N and therefore features generically fast
oscillations when N is large. The large N limit of this construction coincides
with the algebro-geometric solutions of the multi-KP equation, but where the
underlying algebraic curve evolves according to Whitham equations. We check
that our conjectural Tau function satisfies Hirota equations to the first two
orders, and we conjecture that they hold to all orders. The Hirota equations
are equivalent to a self-replication property for the spinor kernel. We analyze
its consequences, namely the possibility of reconstructing order by order in
1/N an isomonodromic problem given by a Lax pair, and the relation between
"correlators", the tau function and the spinor kernel. This construction is one
more step towards a unified framework relating integrable hierarchies,
topological recursion and enumerative geometry
Efficient Recursive Methods for Partial Fraction Expansion of General Rational Functions
Partial fraction expansion (pfe) is a classic technique used in many fields of pure or applied mathematics. The paper focuses on the pfe of general rational functions in both factorized and expanded form. Novel, simple, and recursive formulas for the computation of residues and residual polynomial coefficients are derived. The proposed pfe methods require only simple pure-algebraic operations in the whole computation process. They do not involve derivatives when tackling proper functions and require no polynomial division when dealing with improper functions. The methods are efficient and very easy to apply for both computer and manual calculation. Various numerical experiments confirm that the proposed methods can achieve quite desirable accuracy even for pfe of rational functions with multiple high-order poles or some tricky ill-conditioned poles
Universal scaling limits of matrix models, and (p,q) Liouville gravity
We show that near a point where the equilibrium density of eigenvalues of a
matrix model behaves like y ~ x^{p/q}, the correlation functions of a random
matrix, are, to leading order in the appropriate scaling, given by determinants
of the universal (p,q)-minimal models kernels. Those (p,q) kernels are written
in terms of functions solutions of a linear equation of order q, with
polynomial coefficients of degree at most p. For example, near a regular edge y
~ x^{1/2}, the (1,2) kernel is the Airy kernel and we recover the Airy law.
Those kernels are associated to the (p,q) minimal model, i.e. the (p,q)
reduction of the KP hierarchy solution of the string equation. Here we consider
only the 1-matrix model, for which q=2.Comment: pdflatex, 44 pages, 2 figure
Generating functions of bipartite maps on orientable surfaces (extended abstract)
International audienceWe compute, for each genus ≥ 0, the generating function ≡ (;1,2,...) of (labelled) bipartite maps on the orientable surface of genus , with control on all face degrees. We exhibit an explicit change of variables such that for each , is a rational function in the new variables, computable by an explicit recursion on the genus. The same holds for the generating function of rooted bipartite maps. The form of the result is strikingly similar to the Goulden/Jackson/Vakil and Goulden/Guay-Paquet/Novak formulas for the generating functions of classical and monotone Hurwitz numbers respectively, which suggests stronger links between these models. Our result strengthens recent results of Kazarian and Zograf, who studied the case where the number of faces is bounded, in the equivalent formalism of dessins d’enfants. Our proofs borrow some ideas from Eynard’s “topological recursion” that he applied in particular to even-faced maps (unconventionally called “bipartite maps” in his work). However, the present paper requires no previous knowledge of this topic and comes with elementary (complex-analysis-free) proofs written in the perspective of formal power series.Nous calculons, pour chaque genre ≥ 0, la série génératrice ≡ (;1,2,...) des cartes bipartites (étiquetées) sur la surface orientable de genre , avec contrôle des degrés des faces. On exhibe un changement de variable explicite tel que pour tout , est une fonction rationnelle des nouvelles variables, calculable par une récurrence explicite sur le genre. La même chose est vraie de la série génératrice des cartes biparties enracinées. La forme du résultat est similaire aux formules de Goulden/Jackson/Vakil et Goulden/Guay-Paquet/Novak pour les séries génératrices de nombres de Hurwitz classiques et monotones, respectivement, ce qui suggère des liens plus forts entre ces modèles. Notre résultat renforce des résultats récents de Kazarian et Zograf, qui étudient le cas où le nombre de faces est borné, dans le formalisme équivalent des dessins d’enfants. Nos démonstrations utilisent deux idées de la “récurrence topologique” d’Eynard, qu’il a appliquée notamment aux cartes paires (appelées de manière non-standard “cartes biparties” dans son travail). Cela dit, ce papier ne requiert pas de connaissance préliminaire sur ce sujet, et nos démonstrations (sans analyse complexe) sont écrites dans le language des séries formelles
PolyLogTools - Polylogs for the masses
We review recent developments in the study of multiple polylogarithms,
including the Hopf algebra of the multiple polylogarithms and the symbol map,
as well as the construction of single valued multiple polylogarithms and
discuss an algorithm for finding fibration bases. We document how these
algorithms are implemented in the Mathematica package PolyLogTools and show how
it can be used to study the coproduct structure of polylogarithmic expressions
and how to compute iterated parametric integrals over polylogarithmic
expressions that show up in Feynman integal computations at low loop orders.Comment: Package URL: https://gitlab.com/pltteam/pl
Techniques for high-multiplicity scattering amplitudes and applications to precision collider physics
In this thesis, we present state-of-the-art techniques for the computation of scattering amplitudes in Quantum Field Theories. Following an introduction to the topic, we describe a robust framework that enables the calculation of multi-scale two-loop amplitudes directly relevant to modern particle physics phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider and beyond. We discuss in detail the use of finite fields to bypass the algebraic complexity of such computations, as well as the method of integration-by-parts relations and differential equations. We apply our framework to calculate the two-loop amplitudes contributing to three process: Higgs boson production in association with a bottom-quark pair, W boson production with a photon and a jet, as well as lepton-pair scattering with an off-shell and an on-shell photon. Finally, we draw our conclusions and discuss directions for future progress of amplitude computations
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