Branch Prediction For Network Processors

Originally designed to favour flexibility over packet processing performance, the future of the programmable network processor is challenged by the need to meet both increasing line rate as well as providing additional processing capabilities. To meet these requirements, trends within networking research has tended to focus on techniques such as offloading computation intensive tasks to dedicated hardware logic or through increased parallelism. While parallelism retains flexibility, challenges such as load-balancing limit its scope. On the other hand, hardware offloading allows complex algorithms to be implemented at high speed but sacrifice flexibility. To this end, the work in this thesis is focused on a more fundamental aspect of a network processor, the data-plane processing engine. Performing both system modelling and analysis of packet processing functions; the goal of this thesis is to identify and extract salient information regarding the performance of multi-processor workloads. Following on from a traditional software based analysis of programme workloads, we develop a method of modelling and analysing hardware accelerators when applied to network processors. Using this quantitative information, this thesis proposes an architecture which allows deeply pipelined micro-architectures to be implemented on the data-plane while reducing the branch penalty associated with these architectures

Design of high fidelity building energy monitoring system

Building energy meter network, based on per-appliance monitoring system, willbe an important part of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure. Two key issues exist for designing such networks. One is the network structure to be used. The other is the implementation of the network structure on a large amount of small low power devices, and the maintenance of high quality communication when the devices have electric connection with high voltage AC line. The recent advancement of low-power wireless communication makes itself the right candidate for house and building energy network. Among all kinds of wireless solutions, the low speed but highly reliable 802.15.4 radio has been chosen in this design. While many network-layer solutions have been provided on top of 802.15.4, an IPv6 based method is used in this design. 6LOWPAN is the particular protocol which adapts IP on low power personal network radio. In order to extend the network into building area without, a specific network layer routing mechanism-RPL, is included in this design. The fundamental unit of the building energy monitoring system is a smart wall plug. It is consisted of an electricity energy meter, a RF communication module and a low power CPU. The real challenge for designing such a device is its network firmware. In this design, IPv6 is implemented through Contiki operation system. Customize hardware driver and meter application program have been developed on top of the Contiki OS. Some experiments have been done, in order to prove the network ability of this system

Metered energy consumption and analysis of energy conservation techniques in desktop PCs and workstations

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).This thesis investigates potential energy savings due to the application of power managed PCS, monitors, and workstations. The basis of this effort includes electric metering of such equipment at six preliminary and one primary location, a large business office in Boston, Massachusetts. Metering there occurred over an 8 week period, using an in-line metering device, and at a resolution of one minute intervals. The results of this study show that many problems exist in the field today which prevent any energy savings from being realized. These include both software and hardware incompatibilities. It was found that either the equipment was not enabled from the beginning; that various problems caused inadvertent disabling of the energy saving features, or that lack of knowledge about specific power management techniques caused the user to intentionally disable the features. Since this work began, the EPA's Energy Star Computers and Monitors Program updated their requirements such that energy saving features are now enabled when they are shipped from the manufacturer. All computers tested in this investigation were installed before the application of this condition, which was October 1, 1995. However, many problems exist other than those remedied by this requirement, including: computers which disengage from the network environment upon entering the lowest power management levels, various software incompatibilities, problematic methods of achieving power reduction, and little to no training of users or even prior negative experiences with power managed equipment There is a need for manufacturers to develop suitable or standard methods of achieving power management In addition, computer procurement employees or users must be taught about power management methods, and must have an opportunity to voice questions or concerns to manufacturers regarding power managed equipment. More research needs to be focused on network incompatibilities. Specifically, many computers are disconnected from their network upon engaging the lowest power level. This is due to either unacceptable power management methods or "stand-alone" power manageable computers which are placed on a network. Users purchasing computers intended for network use should be informed about whether the energy saving features are compatible with their type of network. This thesis is divided into two parts, the first for PCs and the second for workstations. The primary metering site for workstations was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which contains both Energy Star compliant and non-compliant machines. Opportunities for energy conservation in workstations are compared and contrasted to those of desktop PCs and monitors. In addition, current and future trends in workstation manufacturing and their impacts on energy conservation are explored.by Kristie L. Bosko.M.S

All-in-one three-phase smart meter and power quality analyzer with extended IoT capabilities

The traditional power grid is evolving into a new smart grid that requires better coordination of supply and demand, making it necessary to establish precise monitoring strategies in order to determine grid status in real-time. With the aim of providing a low-cost device based on open-hardware and open-source software to the technicians, engineers, and scientists around the world, this paper presents the three-phase openZmeter (3Ph-oZm), an all-in-one device that allows measuring and computing electrical data related to energy and power quality features in three-phase power networks. It has been designed to perform advanced computations for voltage, current, frequency, power, and energy. 3Ph-oZm is able to process high order harmonics, and log power quality disturbance events defined according to the recommendations of some international standards organizations. The data and its associated features are processed on-site using custom software specifically designed and programmed for this purpose that relies on advanced signal analysis techniques. This smart meter significantly improves the capabilities of the single-phase version, and overcomes certain shortcomings of other commercial devices, both in terms of versatility and data acquisition and processing capabilities. The system has been calibrated and validated using laboratory testing set-up and real-world applications, such as long-term photovoltaic power plant metering. The capabilities of 3Ph- oZm can also support a variety of other electrical applications, such as three-phase induction motor health monitoring, energy savings, or microgrid state estimation

Low power processor architecture and multicore approach for embedded systems

13301甲第4319号博士（工学）金沢大学博士論文本文Full 以下に掲載：1.IEICE Transactions Vol. E98-C(7) pp.544-549 2015. IEICE. 共著者： S. Otani, H. Kondo. /2.Reuse 許可エビデンス送

Embedded Based Energy Efficient Handling of Big Data Using Wireless Sensor Network

The wireless sensor networks have each individual node of a network may store and deliver a massive amount of information at once or over time. In the future, massively connected, highly dynamic wireless sensor networks have such vehicle-2-vehicle communication scenarios may hold even greater information potential. This is mostly because of the increase in node complexity and data volumes will be a problem for traditional data aggregation strategies traffic-wise as well as energy efficiency. The existing system is continuously monitors the nodes status and gives information to the user. It does not have any monitoring or data storage system to save the information. This leads to the continuous energy consumption and data is not saved at the monitoring unit. This causes high power consumption and needs manual control over the system in industrial and army applications this leads to continuous waste of time and energy. To avoid this waste of time and energy consumption then we proposed the following system. In the proposed system, the big data is monitored by the server section by using ZIGBEE. The nodes communicate their sensor data to the server section through ZIGBEE which is a high power, effective communication system. This helps the server to receive data and handle large amount of data from different nodes. The collected big data is posted in web by using GPRS section and the big data handled and posted to the server

MICROCOIVTROLLER BASED LIQUIDVOLUME FLOW RATE METERING SYSTEM

This document presents the project entitled Microcontroller-Based Liquid Volume-Flow- Rate Metering System. The proposed system is composed of hardware and software structures. The hardware structure consists of a flow sensor, solenoid valve, and microcontroller circuitry. Flow sensor senses the liquid flows in the pipeline. The solenoid valve shall be the final control element to allow appropriate flow to be controlled in the metering system. The microcontroller circuitry is equipped with LCD and keypad. LCD displays the flow rate of the liquid flowing in the pipeline meanwhile keypad allows the user to input data of the volume. The software structure commands the whole process via the microcontroller input/output ports. In general, the principle of sensing, measurement, and control is usedin this project

Implementation of single phase watt hour meter using LPC2148

The LPC2148 device is the latest system-on-chip (SOC), which belongs to the ARM generation of devices. This generation of devices belongs to the powerful 32-bit ARM platform bringing in a lot of new features and flexibility to support robust single, two and 3-phase metrology solutions. This thesis however, discusses the implementation of 1-phase solution only. These devices find their application in energy calculation and have the necessary architecture to support them. Furthermore, for large scale manufacturing, the costs can become lower than those of the electromechanical meters currently in production. This device presents a totally electronic single phase energy meter for residential use, based on ARM processor. A four digit display is used to show the consumed power. A prototype has been implemented to adequate measurement up to 5A load current from a 230V (phase to neutral) voltage. Higher current capacity can be easily obtained by simply replacing the shunt resistor. And, by changing the transformer tap and the voltage divider ratio, it can be easily manipulated for use in a 220 V supply