Possibilities of optimizing fuel consumption in hybrid and electronic airplanes

The automotive industry was always characterized by innovation and the use of cutting edge technology. Daily we can see vehicles packed with technological advancements. The main focus of the current technological trend is electric drives. With the rise in popularity of electric cars more types of vehicles are adapting electric drives. In the case of airplanes the standards are higher than in the case of cars so the emphasis of research and innovation is greater. This paper presents a list of the challenges electric aircrafts face and their potential solutions. Currently many of these problems currently only have partial solutions if any. There is also a comparison between the properties of materials used and the expectations for hybrid aircraft. A comprehensive model was created taking into account the criteria set for hybrid and electric aircraft. With the aid of the model the effect of the most important components on efficiency can be assessed

Possibilities of optimizing fuel consumption in hybrid and electronic airplanes

The automotive industry was always characterized by innovation and the use of cutting edge technology. Daily we can see vehicles packed with technological advancements. The main focus of the current technological trend is electric drives. With the rise in popularity of electric cars more types of vehicles are adapting electric drives. In the case of airplanes the standards are higher than in the case of cars so the emphasis of research and innovation is greater. This paper presents a list of the challenges electric aircrafts face and their potential solutions. Currently many of these problems currently only have partial solutions if any. There is also a comparison between the properties of materials used and the expectations for hybrid aircraft. A comprehensive model was created taking into account the criteria set for hybrid and electric aircraft. With the aid of the model the effect of the most important components on efficiency can be assessed

Studies of advanced transport aircraft

Several concepts for possible future airplanes, including all-wing distributed-load airplanes, multibody airplanes, a long-range laminar flow control airplane, a nuclear-powered airplane designed for towing conventionally powered airplanes during long-range cruise, and an aerial transportation system comprised of continuously flying liner airplanes operated in conjunction with short-range feeder airplanes are described. Performance and economic advantages of each concept are indicated. Further research is recommended in the following areas: all-wing airplane aerodynamics, aerial rendezvous, nuclear aircraft engines, air-cushion landing systems, and laminar flow control, as well as the basic research discipline areas of aerodynamics, structures, propulsion, avionics, and computer applications

Influence of selected turbulence model on the optimization of a class-shape transformation parameterized airfoil

An airfoil was parameterized using the class-shape transformation technique and then optimized via genetic algorithm. The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil were obtained with the use of a CFD software. The automated numerical technique was validated using available experimental data and then the optimization procedure was repeated for few different turbulence models. The obtained optimized airfoils were then compared in order to gain some insight on the influence of the different turbulence models on the optimization result

Preparation, thermal analysis, and mechanical properties of basalt fiber/epoxy composites

In this study, basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites with epoxy matrix, 20 layers, and volume fraction of fibers Vf = 53.66%, were prepared by a hand lay-up compression molding combined method. The fabric of the basalt fibers is in twill 2/2 weave. Through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), their viscoelastic behavior at elevated temperatures and in various frequencies was explored, whereas thermomechanical analysis (TMA) took part in terms of creep recovery and stress-relaxation tests. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the BFRP composites was determined through the peak of the tanff curves while the decomposition of the BFRP composites and basalt fibers, in air or nitrogen atmosphere, was explored through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical behavior of the BFRP composites was investigated by tensile and three-point bending experiments. The results showed that as the frequency is raised, the BFRP composites can achieve slightly higher Tg while, under the same circumstances, the storage modulus curve obtains a less steep decrease in the middle transition region. Moreover, the hand lay-up compression molding hybrid technique can be characterized as efficient for the preparation of polymer matrix composites with a relatively high Vf of over 50%. Remarkably, through the TGA experiments, the excellent thermal resistance of the basalt fibers, in the temperature range 30-900 °C, was revealed. © 2020 by the authors.TBU in Zlin [IGA/FT/2020/004

Study of the benefits and applications of LEO(Low Earth Orbit) for communications and definition of space new business plan: surveillance & broadcast for aircraft

La motivació d’escriure aquest informe sorgeix de la necessitat de comunicar els avions amb la Terra. Encara que pugui semblar que la tecnologia actual permet rastrejar els avions arreu del planeta, només és capaç de fer-ho en un 30% de la superfície. Gràcies a la infrastructura espacial de dispositius ADS-B, are és possible saber la situació i establir comunicació amb els avions sigui quina sigui la seva posició, ja estiguin al mig de l’oceà, sobrevolant regions polars o zones muntanyoses. En aquest informe es mostren les avantatges i aplicacions de l’Òribita Baixa Terrestre en relació al posicionament d’aeronaus així com el pla d’empresa d’una companyia oferint tal servei. Els resultats fruit d’un escenari economic neutre mostren un Retorn de la Inversió del 80% que suposen uns 150 milions de dòlars, uns valors més que prometedors. En definitiva, s’ha aconseguit un coneixement profund de la infrestructura tecnològica així com el desenvolupament dels processos de la cadena de valor d’una empresa espacial de dispositius ADS-B.The motivation of this report arises from the need to link aircraft to the Earth. Although it may seem that the current technology is able to track the airplanes wherever on the planet, they are only capable of doing so in a 30% of the Earth’s surface. Thanks to the space-based ADS-B infrastructure, it is now possible to provide surveillance and broadcast to aircraft no matter if they are in the middle of the ocean, flying over polar regions or in mountainous zones. This report shows the benefits and applications of the Low Earth Orbit regarding aircraft surveillance and a brand-new business plan of a company providing such service. The results in a neutral economic scenario show a Return of Investment of 80% and translated to money that is $ 150M, more than promising values. All in all, a deeper understanding of the technology infrastructure was acquired as well as the processes carried out in the value chain of a space-based ADS-B company

Application of advanced technologies to small, short-haul transport aircraft

The performance and economic benefits available by incorporation of advanced technologies into the small, short haul air transport were assessed. Low cost structure and advanced composite material, advanced turboprop engines and new propellers, advanced high lift systems and active controls; and alternate aircraft configurations with aft mounted engines were investigated. Improvements in fuel consumed and aircraft economics (acquisition cost and direct operating cost) are available by incorporating selected advanced technologies into the small, short haul aircraft

State of the Art of Piloted Electric Airplanes, NASA\u27s Centennial Challenge Data and Fundamental Design Implications

The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of the electric airplane as primarily defined by results from NASA\u27s Green Flight Challenge Competition. New equations must be derived in order to determine the endurance and range for electric airplanes since the standard equations depend upon weight change over a flight and the weight of an electric airplane does not change. These new equations could then be solved for the optimal velocity and altitude which were the two driving factors that could change range and endurance for a given airplane configuration. The best velocity for range and endurance is not a function of energy storage or weight change thus the results turn out to be very similar to internal combustion engine airplanes, however, the optimal altitude for the best range and endurance equates to flying as high as reasonably possible. From examining the Green Flight Challenge data of the two fully electric airplanes, the analysis suggests that the electric propulsion system is not the only measure, given today\u27s battery technology, that helps create a viable electric airplane solution. Aerodynamic efficiency becomes very important in order to reduce the required amount of energy. Airplanes that are aerodynamically inefficient make bad electric airplanes because the energy density of batteries is still low and the energy available to carry on board is limited. The more energy wasted on drag, the less the range and endurance of the airplane can be since the addition of more batteries may not be an option

CTOL Transport Technology, 1978

Technology associated with advanced conventional takeoff and landing transport aircraft is discussed. Topics covered include: advanced aerodynamics and active controls; operations and safety; and advanced systems. Emphasis is placed on increased energy efficiency