Jet aircraft engine exhaust emissions database development: Year 1990 and 2015 scenarios

Studies relating to environmental emissions associated with the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) military jet and charter jet aircraft were conducted by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace Transport Aircraft. The report includes engine emission results for baseline 1990 charter and military scenario and the projected jet engine emissions results for a 2015 scenario for a Mach 1.6 HSCT charter and military fleet. Discussions of the methodology used in formulating these databases are provided

Study of the COVID-19 impact on the Spanish Airline's business model

The Covid-19 pandemic has had major implications worldwide and has changed the business models of companies around the world. The aviation sector has been one of the most affected by the impossibility of operating at first, and the demanding restrictive measures that were then carried out. In this sense, the airlines had to adapt their business models in order to survive the pandemic, thus opening new trends towards which the market was headed. This study collects all the statistical information related to the most important airlines in Spain, classifying their business models and analyzing how they have behaved during the pandemic. By directly contrasting results and staging the changes that each period has brought about, comparisons are made in order to discern which cases have been the most successful. The work establishes, within the business model of each airline, the aspects that have had the most effect and their induced consequences, categorizing them and relativizing their impact on the future of the sector. Also, beyond the pure work of statistical compilation, a complete financial study is carried out and possible traffic scenarios are proposed for the coming years. The analysis defines the most critical factors due to the pandemic, and what changes will take place in the future. Finally, the environmental consequences of the pandemic are established, from the point of view of air traffic at both European and national level

Environmental Impact of Aviation and Sustainable Solutions

Environmental Impact of Aviation and Sustainable Solutions is a compilation of review and research articles in the broad field of aviation and the environment. Over three sections and thirteen chapters, this book covers topics such as aircraft design and materials, combustor modeling, atomization, airport pollution, sonic boom and street noise pollution, emission mitigation strategies, and environmentally friendly contributions from a Russian aviation pioneer. This volume is a useful reference for both researchers and students interested in learning about various aspects of aviation and the environmen

12th EASN International Conference on "Innovation in Aviation & Space for opening New Horizons"

Epoxy resins show a combination of thermal stability, good mechanical performance, and durability, which make these materials suitable for many applications in the Aerospace industry. Different types of curing agents can be utilized for curing epoxy systems. The use of aliphatic amines as curing agent is preferable over the toxic aromatic ones, though their incorporation increases the flammability of the resin. Recently, we have developed different hybrid strategies, where the sol-gel technique has been exploited in combination with two DOPO-based flame retardants and other synergists or the use of humic acid and ammonium polyphosphate to achieve non-dripping V-0 classification in UL 94 vertical flame spread tests, with low phosphorous loadings (e.g., 1-2 wt%). These strategies improved the flame retardancy of the epoxy matrix, without any detrimental impact on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. Finally, the formation of a hybrid silica-epoxy network accounted for the establishment of tailored interphases, due to a better dispersion of more polar additives in the hydrophobic resin

Emissions trading and its likely effects on the airline industry

This study concerns the extension of emissions trading to the airline industry and was designed to clarify and substantiate likely effects of the Emissions Trading Scheme. The research question concerned potential tactic and strategic responses airlines can take to adapt to the emissions trading regulations. Regarding the primary research, the author used a qualitative and exploratory approach by undertaking expert interviews. The sample consisted of five airline managers, additionally two researchers and one governmental expert. Most of the research took place in Germany due to the easier access to the required data and greater industry size. The findings revealed not only specific business areas where adjustments can be made in order to reduce emissions, but also significant background knowledge of the drivers behind tactic and strategic mechanisms. Furthermore, the measures different airline types are likely to take was examined as well. Therefore, the writer selected a small regional airline, one network carrier, an alliance member and a low-cost carrier. Their microeconomic view was well complemented by the macroeconomic knowledge of the researchers. The answers presented a great variety of expertise. In conclusion the author was able to find various approaches to solutions, of which airlines can consider and select the most suitable ones for their particular business model

\u3ci\u3eThe Conference Proceedings of the 2003 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, Volume 5\u3c/i\u3e

UNOAI Report 03-9https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/facultybooks/1126/thumbnail.jp

The atmospheric effects of stratospheric aircraft

This document presents a second report from the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (AESA) component of NASA's High-Speed Research Program (HSRP). This document presents a second report from the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (AESA) component of NASA's High Speed Research Program (HSRP). Market and technology considerations continue to provide an impetus for high-speed civil transport research. A recent United Nations Environment Program scientific assessment has shown that considerable uncertainty still exists about the possible impact of aircraft on the atmosphere. The AESA was designed to develop the body of scientific knowledge necessary for the evaluation of the impact of stratospheric aircraft on the atmosphere. The first Program report presented the basic objectives and plans for AESA. This second report presents the status of the ongoing research as reported by the principal investigators at the second annual AESA Program meeting in May 1992: Laboratory studies are probing the mechanism responsible for many of the heterogeneous reactions that occur on stratospheric particles. Understanding how the atmosphere redistributes aircraft exhaust is critical to our knowing where the perturbed air will go and for how long it will remain in the stratosphere. The assessment of fleet effects is dependent on the ability to develop scenarios which correctly simulate fleet operations

Corporate sustainability and balanced scorecard: integrated management of economic, environmental and social performances in the airline industry

Environment and society are increasingly affected by human activity. World society must constantly face many problems such as climate change, air, water and soil pollutions, resources overuse, human rights, child labor, social inequalities, health and safety. Since companies are the most responsible actors for these troubles, they are stimulated to develop and adopt policies of sustainable development. Practices of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility are increasing within many businesses for reasons which go beyond the mere compliance with legislations and regulations. Nowadays, sustainable and responsible companies behave ethically for competitive reasons as well. The connections between sustainability and business strategy occurs through the pursuit of eco-socio-efficiencies, resources cost cutting, product-service differentiation, access to ethical funds, image and reputation, and the avoidance of fines, penalties and environmental taxes. Sustainability management occurs through a process that starts with identification of key stakeholders and the relative types of environmental or social impacts generated. Then, strategy must be developed, and communicated to all level of the organization. Leadership and commitment of top management are fundamental in order to diffuse sustainability guidelines, support the organizational structure and spread the new culture. In addition, performance measurement and management systems should drive the attainment of sustainability objectives. Environmental and social accounting systems must provide meaningful data in order to monitor the accomplishment of strategy and, at the same time, disclose the sustainability reports addressed to stakeholders. One important aspect of the process above mentioned regards the connection between strategy and performance measurement system. In order to translate sustainability strategies into actions measurable through performance indicators, it must be emphasized the support of Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The multidimensional conception of the tool advises to integrate environmental and social aspects of business activity within the four traditional perspectives of management in the BSC (financial, customers, processes, learning and growth). Therefore, the emerging concept of Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) is referred to the additional feature of considering the environmental and social issues connected directly or indirectly with the execution of the business processes and thus with economic success. Cause and effect relationships in the strategy map show the relations between better social and environmental performances with increasing competitiveness and profitability. The airline sector is facing many challenges of sustainable development. Hence the case developed about a real carrier can help to better understand the matter. The implementation of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard in Lufthansa Passenger Airline consists in a simulation of the process that starts with the identification of stakeholders and related environmental and social impacts. Based on these exposures, sustainability strategies are developed and formalized as several strategic objectives belonging to the different perspectives of SBSC. Afterwards, for each sustainability objective, numerous key performance indicators are developed in order to monitor single operative aspects related to the achievement of objectives. Finally, the construction of strategy map makes clear how sustainability performances are connected with financial ones. In conclusion, the analysis of environmental, social and economic performances achieved by the German carrier and the comparison with direct European competitor Air France KLM and other minor competitors helps to identify the successes and criticisms deriving from sustainability purposes