Compare and contrast of contemporary technical knowledge sharing technologies

Knowledge sharing is not a new topic in knowledge management research field. Many methodologies have been proposed, which aims to exploit the embodied knowledge in practice and transform them to a normal form so that other staffs and organizations can utilize it. In this paper, we propose to compare and contrast the contemporary technical knowledge sharing technologies. We categorize the existing technologies into the implemented and the experimental, and analyze them from multiple perspectives. Conclusion and future work are made in the final section

Investigating the practical viability of walk-sharing in improving pedestrian safety

Walk-sharing is a cost-effective and proactive approach that promises to improve pedestrian safety and has been shown to be technically (theoretically) viable. Yet, the practical viability of walk-sharing is largely dependent on community acceptance, which has not, until now, been explored. Gaining useful insights on the community's spatio-temporal and social preferences in regard to walk-sharing will ensure the establishment of practical viability of walk-sharing in a real-world urban scenario. We aim to derive practical viability using defined performance metrics (waiting time, detour distance, walk-alone distance and matching rate) and by investigating the effectiveness of walk-sharing in terms of its major objective of improving pedestrian safety and safety perception. We make use of the results from a web-based survey on the public perception on our proposed walk-sharing scheme. Findings are fed into an existing agent-based walk-sharing model to investigate the performance of walk-sharing and deduce its practical viability in urban scenarios

'I want support, not comments': children's perspectives on supports in their lives

Supports are a major part of the daily lives of children with special educational needs who participate in general education schools. Little attention has been paid to how they experience supports. Six children and their peers who were interviewed appreciated supports because they remove restrictions in activities due to the impairment. However, the analysis also shows how these positive supports can have negative psycho-emotional repercussions, and that they are less focused on addressing disabling barriers. The children’s accounts demonstrate the ambiguous and situated nature of supports, and need for the children to be able to direct supports as ‘chief partners’ in the inclusion process

Walk-sharing - A smarter way to improve pedestrian safety and safety perception in urban spaces

Fortbewegung zu Fuß ist nachweislich der körperlichen und geistigen Gesundheit der Menschen zuträglich und gilt als Schlüssel zu nachhaltigem und lebenswertem städtischem Leben. Der Anteil der Fußgänger am Verkehrsaufkommen ist allerdings mit der rasanten Motorisierung und Verstädterung auf der ganzen Welt rückläufig. Darüber hinaus halten fußgängerunfreundliche Umgebungen Menschen davon ab, zu Fuß zu gehen. Die Angst vor Kriminalität wurde als wichtigstes Hindernis genannt. Sie macht das Zufußgehen zu kritischen Tageszeiten unattraktiv, selbst wenn es nach allen anderen Maßstäben bequem wäre. Die Furcht vor Kriminalität beeinflusst die Wahl des Weges und der Verkehrsmittel. Sie motiviert die Menschen dazu, kostspieligere Alternativen zu nutzen, zum Beispiel sinnvolle Umwege zu gehen oder ganz auf das Gehen zu verzichten und auf andere, meist motorisierte Verkehrsmittel umzusteigen. Die Angst vor Kriminalität verringert die allgemeine Begehbarkeit eines Stadtgebiets, reduziert die Zeit, die zu Fuß verbracht wird, und verhindert damit die Vorteile, die das Zufußgehen geboten hätte. Herkömmliche Ansätze zur Verringerung der Furcht vor Kriminalität in Außenbereichen umfassen städtebauliche Verbesserungen und Infrastrukturüberholungen. Sie sind teuer, lokal begrenzt und erfordern einen erheblichen Zeit- und Personalaufwand. Andere, neuere, ortsgestützte IT-Ansätze, die zum Beispiel sichere Routenempfehlungssysteme beinhalten, leiden unter einer starken Abhängigkeit von Kriminalitäts- und anderen Daten und sind dafür bekannt, dass sie Gesellschaften durch die Erstellung von Profilen sozioökonomischer Gruppen segregieren. Um die Herausforderungen der bestehenden Methoden zu überwinden, wird in dieser Arbeit das Walk-Sharing (wörtlich: gemeinsames Gehen) eingeführt. Walk-Sharing ist ein neuartiger Service in der Kategorie der geteilten Mobilität, die darauf abzielt, Menschen dazu zu ermutigen, zu Fuß zu gehen, anstatt andere Verkehrsmittel zu nutzen, wenn dies möglich ist. Da sich Menschen sicherer fühlen, wenn sie in Begleitung gehen, bringt Walk-Sharing Menschen mit ähnlichen räumlichen und zeitlichen Mobilitätsbedürfnissen zusammen, die bereit sind, zu Fuß zu ihren jeweiligen Zielen zu gehen. Durch das gemeinsame Gehen für einen Teil oder die gesamte Strecke verbessert das Walk-Sharing die aktive natürliche Wachsamkeit und verringert so die Angst vor Kriminalität. Durch die Verringerung der Angst vor Kriminalität während des Gehens hat Walk-Sharing das Potenzial, das Gehen attraktiver zu machen und damit den Anteil des Fußverkehrs auf kurzen Strecken zu erhöhen und folglich den motorisierten Verkehr zu reduzieren, was wiederum zu einer Verringerung der Emissionen und der Verkehrsbelastung führt. In dieser Arbeit werden die Grundlagen des Walk-Sharing erörtert, seine Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu bestehenden geteilten Mobilitätsformen herausgearbeitet und ein konzeptionelles Modell vorgeschlagen, das eine abstrakte Darstellung eines möglichen Walk-Sharing-Systems darstellt. Basierend auf der Logik dieses konzeptionellen Modells wird in dieser Arbeit ein agentenbasiertes Simulationsmodell vorgestellt, um die Leistung von Walk-Sharing unter plausiblen Szenarien objektiv zu messen. Anhand theoretischer Simulationen wird das Sensitivitätsverhalten des Walk-Sharing-Modells dargestellt, was auch die logische Funktion des Modells selbst zeigt. Danach werden begründeter Annahmen über menschliche Präferenzen herangezogen, um eine Simulation des Walk-Sharing auf einem Universitätscampus vorzustellen. Diese Simulation zeigt bis zu 80% Effektivität in Bezug auf die Verbesserung der Sicherheit. Schließlich werden in dieser Arbeit eine Umfrage und deren Ergebnisse vorgestellt, die die tatsächlichen räumlich-zeitlichen Präferenzen, die sozialen Präferenzen und die allgemeine Wahrscheinlichkeit der Teilnahme an Walk-Sharing aufzeigen. Mit diesen Erkenntnissen wird eine kalibrierte, ausgefeiltere und fundiertere Simulation des Walk-Sharing vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass gemeinsames Gehen bis zu 60% zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit beiträgt und gleichzeitig räumlich-zeitliche Kosten verursacht, die im Rahmen der von der befragten Gruppe bevorzugten Standards liegen. Walk-Sharing überwindet die Nachteile der bestehenden Ansätze zur Verringerung der Kriminalitätsfurcht, indem es proaktiv (unabhängig von Kriminalitäts- und stellvertretenden soziodemographischen Daten) und kostengünstig ist (keine größeren infrastrukturellen Veränderungen oder erheblicher menschlicher Aufwand erforderlich). Es ist skalierbar und übertragbar (kann überall angewendet werden und ist für die Gesellschaft angesichts der gegenwärtigen Verbreitung von Smartphones leicht zugänglich). Im Zeitalter des ubiquitären Computings, des Internets der Dinge, effizienter standortbezogener Dienste, und Smartphones könnte Walk-Sharing die intelligentere Lösung sein, die das Zufußgehen als sicherere Mobilitätsform für räumlich und zeitlich günstige Wege fördert und somit Fortschritte in Richtung eines nachhaltigeren städtischen Lebens macht, indem sie die aktive Mobilität erhöht und den motorisierten Verkehr reduziert

Supporting Location Privacy Management through Feedback and Control

Participation in modern, socially-focused digital systems involves a large degree of privacy management, i.e. controlling who may access what information under what circumstances. Effective privacy management (control) requires that mobile systems’ users be able to make informed privacy decisions as their experience and knowledge of a system progresses. By informed, we mean users be aware of the actual information flow. Moreover, privacy preferences vary across the context and it is hard to define privacy policy that reflects the dynamic nature of our lives. This research explores the problem of supporting awareness of information flow and designing usable interfaces for maintaining privacy policies ad-hoc. We borrow from the world of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) and propose to incorporate social translucence, a design approach that “supports coherent behaviour by making participants and their activities visible to one another”. We use the characteristics of social translucence, namely visibility, awareness and accountability in order to introduce social norms in spatially dispersed systems. Our research is driven by two questions: (1) how can artifacts from real world social interaction, such as responsibility, be embedded into mobile interaction; and (2) can systems be designed in which both privacy violations and the burden of privacy management is minimized. The contributions of our work are: (1) an implementation of Buddy Tracker, privacy-aware location-sharing application based on the social translucence; (2) the design and evaluation of the concept of real-time feedback as a means of incorporating social translucence in location-sharing scenarios; and finally (3) a novel interface for ad-hoc privacy management called Privacy-Shake. We explore the role of real-time feedback for privacy management in the context of Buddy Tracker. Informed by focus group discussions, interviews, surveys and two field trials of Buddy Tracker we found that when using a system that provided real-time feedback, people were more accountable for their actions and reduced the number of unreasonable location requests. From our observations we develop concrete design guidelines for incorporating real-time feedback into information sharing applications in a manner that ensures social acceptance of the technology

Cultural acclimatisation: Foreign students studying in a private educational institution in Singapore

This Portfolio aims to examine the problems of acclimatisation and coping strategies of such foreign students. A sample of tweleve students was chosen from Chinese students studying at one private educational institution in Singapore. Drawing on the findings of Furnham (1997) and Murphy-Lejenne (2002), among others, the present study looks at the reasons why the participants decided to travel overseas, why they chose Singapore as their destination, what problems they encountered while here, and how they coped with the problems. They were also asked what specific problems they encountered with the schools they enrolled in. It is the contention of the present study that school has a major influenceon their overall acclimatisation. Suggestions were sought from the participants on ways they thought the school could help make their stay here more successful The in-depth interviews found that the main problem encountered by the Chinese students were with accommodation, student agents, school, language, and the :attitude of the local populance towards them. To cope with their problem;, they relied on friends, and family for support and information, and used modern technology for communication. They expected the school to help them find suitable accommodation and practise higher standards of service. The present study concludes with recommendations for further actions needed by schools and government and areas for future research

Assessment System for Assessing Knowledge Sharing Among Subject Experts in Secondary School

During the epoch of knowledge-based economy and knowledge management, teachers must learn in order to improve professional development. The success of knowledge management initiatives depends on knowledge sharing. The sharing of teaching-related knowledge may help teachers solve a variety of problems that they face, and the appropriate use of online knowledge-sharing activities is expected to assist teachers' knowledge sharing. Since studies related to educational knowledge sharing are rare, knowledge sharing behavior may be different between organization types. In order to promote knowledge sharing among subject experts within educational groups in secondary school; this study was implemented electronic assessment system to evaluate a knowledge sharing among teachers, which is helpful school organization's to develop knowledge and cultures

Understanding community perspectives: A Case Study of a Bottom-Up Sport-For-Development initiative in rural Africa

The first wave of Sport for Development (SfD) initiatives made bold assumptions that sport was inherently good for participants and could achieve social and developmental outcomes (Levermore, 2008; Lyras & Peachey, 2011). Scholars began to question the impacts that SfD programs were having in achieving developmental goals and positive social outcomes (Coalter, 2013; Darnell, 2010; Schulenkorf; Sherry, & Rowe, 2016; Svensson & Levine, 2017). Researchers also conveyed that there were issues associated with race, power dynamics, Global North and South relations, cultural sensitivity, and gender apparent in SfD programs (Darnell et al., 2016). There has been shifts in the SfD sphere responding to this critical research to work closer with the communities and individuals who are the co-creators of these programs (Coalter, 2007, 2010; Collison & Marchesseault, 2018; Darnell, 2012; Van der Kleshorst, 2018). The purpose of this study was to understand how the community members who are co-creators and participants of this SfD initiative perceive the Bottom-Up approach and impacts of the program. The community that I worked with has been partnered with a SfD organization for eight years. A local gatekeeper (the rugby development officer) helped me understand the community and identify interviewees. Participants included: community members, parents, coaches, teachers, and former participants. During my time there I also participated in coaching seminars, worked with participants, and helped with education sessions. Using Stake’s (1995) case study approach, interviews, fieldwork, and content analysis were conducted. Utilizing these methods and incorporating qualitative data analysis techniques, four overarching themes emerged: Theme One; Community development through a sport-education centre; Theme Two; community interaction and engagement; Theme Three; development of participants; and Theme Four; Rugby development. The findings work to fill multiple gaps in literature identified by Schulenkorf et al. (2016) and attempt to address critical issues laid out by Darnell et al. (2016). This research also hopes to work as a bridge between academia and practitioners and makes recommendations for possible best practices moving forward in SfD that include; community engagement in development, upskilling local participants and community members, and seeking out feedback from the community members involved