Design and implementation of MIMO-long term evolution-advanced to support larger bandwidth

The migration of mobile communication technologies are divided into four generations. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is called LTE rel-8, the evolution of LTE led to new technology referred to as LTE-Advanced, is the true fourth generation (4G) evolution step, with the first release of LTE (rel-8) which was labeled as “3.9G”. LTE-Advanced is a mobile broadband access technology founded as a response to the need for the improvement to support the increasing demand for high data rates. The standard for LTE-A is a milestone in the development of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technologies. Carrier Aggregation is one of the most distinct features of LTE�Advanced that makes the bandwidth extension of up to 100 MHz thus the theoretical peak data rate of LTE-A may be even up to 1 Gbps. This proposed system presents new LTE-Advanced depending on carrier aggregation to obtain better performance of the system. The new design of LTE-Advanced offers higher peak data rates than even the initial LTE-A; while the spectrum efficiency has been amended; As a result, the aggregated LTE-A will support 120 MHz instead of 100 MHz in order to obtain higher peak data rate access up to 4 Gbps. The system was applied with 8x8 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) using different modulation techniques: QPSK, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM. From the simulation results, it is clear that proposed LTE-Advanced with 64 QAM has high values of throughput in case of depending code rate equals to 5/6 with 8x8 MIMO

LTE-Advanced radio access enhancements: A survey

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) is the next step in LTE evolution and allows operators to improve network performance and service capabilities through smooth deployment of new techniques and technologies. LTE-Advanced uses some new features on top of the existing LTE standards to provide better user experience and higher throughputs. Some of the most significant features introduced in LTE-Advanced are carrier aggregation, enhancements in heterogeneous networks, coordinated multipoint transmission and reception, enhanced multiple input multiple output usage and deployment of relay nodes in the radio network. Mentioned features are mainly aimed to enhance the radio access part of the cellular networks. This survey article presents an overview of the key radio access features and functionalities of the LTE-Advanced radio access network, supported by the simulation results. We also provide a detailed review of the literature together with a very rich list of the references for each of the features. An LTE-Advanced roadmap and the latest updates and trends in LTE markets are also presented

LTE Advanced: Technology and Performance Analysis

Wireless data usage is increasing at a phenomenal rate and driving the need for continued innovations in wireless data technologies to provide more capacity and higher quality of service. In October 2009, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) submitted LTE-Advanced to the ITU as a proposed candidate IMT-Advanced technology for which specifications could become available in 2011 through Release-10 . The aim of “LTE-Advanced” is to further enhance LTE radio access in terms of system performance and capabilities compared to current cellular systems, including the first release of LTE, with a specific goal to ensure that LTE fulfills and even surpass the requirements of “IMT-Advanced” as defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) . This thesis offers an introduction to the mobile communication standard known as LTE Advanced, depicting the evolution of the standard from its roots and discussing several important technologies that help it evolve to accomplishing the IMT-Advanced requirements. A short history of the LTE standard is offered, along with a discussion of its standards and performance. LTE-Advanced details include analysis on the physical layer by investigating the performance of SC-FDMA and OFDMA of LTE physical layer. The investigation is done by considering different modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM) on the basis of PAPR, BER, power spectral density (PSD) and error probability by simulating the model of SC-FDMA & OFDMA. To evaluate the performance in presence of noise, an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel was introduced. A set of conclusions is derived from our results describing the effect of higher order modulation schemes on BER and error probability for both OFDMA and SC-FDMA. The power spectral densities of both the multiple access techniques (OFDMA and SC-FDMA) are calculated and result shows that the OFDMA has higher power spectral density.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Packet Scheduling for LTE-Advanced

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.LTE-Advanced has been approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a 4G mobile communication system. It is also called IMT-Advanced or true 4G technology. LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE (Release-8) and backward compatible with LTE because they both use the same air-interface technologies such as OFDMA, MIMO, and the same core network. Since radio spectrum is the most valuable resource in mobile technology, radio resource management (RRM) mechanisms are critical for the operation of a cellular network. One of the key RRM mechanisms is packet scheduling and it allocates suitable radio resources to each user for transmission of the downlink from the base station through the air interface to each mobile station. The overall objectives of this project are to study packet scheduling mechanism for LTE-Advanced and find an optimized packet scheduling algorithm(s) to fully utilize new features and challenges of LTE-Advanced. This project is an extension of previous work done in packet scheduling in LTE at Centre for Real-time Information Networks (CRIN), UTS. This thesis begins by explaining the design considerations used to create a computer simulation tool to model packet scheduling as well as other RRM mechanisms for LTE-Advanced. Thereafter, it will model, simulate, validate, and evaluate the performance of current well-known and new packet scheduling algorithms for LTE-Advanced. In this thesis, two new algorithms called optimized cross-CC proportional fair (OCPF) and optimized cross-CC M-LWDF (OCM) are proposed. (CC: component carrier) The OCPF algorithm can overcome the weaknesses of current algorithms and improve system throughput. The OCM can provide a more effective solution for realistic traffic with strict requirement on the quality of services (QoS)

Estimation of the LTE relay influence on the cell

Проведено аналіз особливостей технології LTE-Advanced, яка для більш ефективного планування містить в собі ретранслятори. На основі моделювання для стільника обрано оптимальне значення відстані між ретранслятором та базовою станцією LTE залежно від кількості ресурсних блоків. Проведено дослідження щодо впливу ретранслятора на загальну пропускну здатність стільника у Uplink напрямку.Problem definition. Information technologies are constantly evolving. This process leads to an annual traffic increasing. Also requirements to infocommunication nerworks are in-creasing too. It stimulates the development of new technologies that will be able to satisfy the growing needs of users. At the present stage of evolution of world telecommunication technologies in mobile communications development and implementation of the fourth generation standard (4G) networks are relevant. This type of networks provides a higher data rate and high quality of service with an overall decrease in operating costs of telecommunications equipment. One of the most relevant technologies is Long Term Evolution (LTE), which is the development of the third generation UMTS networks. Now there is a standard of 3GPP- LTE-Advanced, which is an improvement of LTE and the official wireless communications standard of the 4th generation. Relay Nodes has appeared in LTE-Advanced networks for more effective scheduling. Relay catches the signal from a Mobile Station, amplifies it and transmit it further to a Base Station. Selecting the optimal location of relay. In this paper we consider one LTE cell and one repeater type I (in-band, half-duplex). For this type of relay we calculate the best position of installation. The calculated value of the cell radius is 400 m for densely populated city. The type of division duplex is TDD, the frame configuration is 2, the width of the frequency band is 10 MHz. To calculate the cell radius COST231 Hata s 3GPP TS 25.996 v9.0.0 model for urban macro network is used. Scheduling scheme uses an algorithm Fair Work Conserving (FWC). FWC relates to such type of algorithms that operate on a resource allocation equally between the users. Users connect to the network at the speed of λ, which may be various. Estimation of the LTE relay influence on the cell. From these simulation results, we can conclude that the larger amount of resource blocks allocated to the subscriber leads to a smaller distance between the Base Station and Relay Node. Also the influence of the Relay Node on the overall throughput of the cell is investigated. Using Relay Node can increase Uplink cell capacity to 10%. The obtained results can be used for LTE network planning.Проанализированы особенности технологии LTE-Advanced, которая для более эффективного планирования ресурсов включает ретрансляторы. На основе моделирования для соты выбрано оптимальное значение расстояния между ретранслятором и базовой станцией LTE в зависимости от количества ресурсных блоков. Проведены исследования относительно влияния ретранслятора на общую пропускную способность соты в канале Uplink

Equalization of MIMO Channels in LTE-Advanced

LTE-Advanced is one of the most evolving and competing standards that target the high speed 4G wireless communications. In order to meet the target of this new cellular technology developed under auspices of the 3GPP standardization bodies, it is necessary to ensure that this technology is able to provide the headline requirements recommended for the terrestrial components of the IMT-Advanced radio interface for 4G broadband mobile communications. One of the key radio technologies that will enable LTE-Advanced to achieve the high data throughput rates is the use of MIMO antennas that play an important role as the conventional communications like using more bandwidths and higher modulation types are limited. Together with this are the downlink OFDMA and the uplink SC-FDMA techniques that are employed to improve the system architecture burdened with the data rates rising pretty well above what was previously in use. The combination of these technologies will help LTE-Advanced keep pace with other wireless technologies that may be competing to offer very high data rates and high level of mobility. But achieving the high data rate up to 1 Gbits/s in 4G mobile networks over wide frequency bandwidths and recovering the original information without being corrupted and downgraded has been a daunting task for engineers. Thus, this paper will briefly discuss the performances of MIMO equalization techniques such as MMSE, ZF and ZF-SIC equalizers in a Rayleigh multichannel fading.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

LTE system level performance in the presence of CQI feedback uplink delay and mobility

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a promising technology for the wireless and mobile communication systems and is being commercially launched in various countries of the world. The Third Generation of Partnership Project (3GPP), through de- sign and optimisation of new radio access techniques, is further developing the future LTE-Advanced technology to remain on the forefront of wireless technologies. However, it is still challenging in LTE to provide the desired quality of service to the users particularly in the presence of high mobility and uplink feedback delay. In this paper, the impact of Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) uplink feedback delay on the overall network performance under different scheduling algorithms and mobility patterns is discussed. We study average user equipment (UE) throughput, average cell-edge UE throughput and average cell throughput under mobility and conclude that for an efficient LTE-Advanced scheduling algorithm, UE speed and CQI feedback delay must be taken into account

Enable and Disable 5G Based on Application Identifier

A communication device, otherwise known as a user equipment (UE) (e.g., a smartphone) may be configured to support various radio access technologies, which may include fourth generation (4G) such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), as well as fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) (e.g., millimeter wave (mmW)). The UE may be configured to support various types of applications (e.g., social media applications, video streaming applications, and the like) using one or more radio access technologies (e.g., 4G or 5G). As demand for efficiency increases, it may be desirable to reduce power consumption for the UE (e.g., increase battery life), while providing higher reliability and lower latency for applications running on the UE using one or more radio access technologies

Аналіз стану мобільних мереж 4-го покоління та перспективи їх впровадження в Україні

The article contains the analysis of the current state of 4G mobile networks in the world and the problems and prospects of their implementation in Ukraine. An extended LTE-Advanced and WiMAX-Advanced technologies functions have been researched, through which the developers could provide requirements for 4G.Due to the beginning of preparations for the introduction of 4G technologies in Ukraine it was advisable to highlight the main achievements in the development of these technologies and trends to overcoming the problems encountered in implementing them in our country.The results of research have revealed that LTE-Advanced extended functions, such as Carrier Aggregation, the introduction of 8x8 MIMO in the DL and 4x4 MIMO in the UL, support of heterogeneous (HetNet) networks, the convergence of radio access for paired and unpaired spectrum, along with retransmitting allow to increase transfer of data: up to 3Hbit/s in the downlink (DL) and to 1,5 Hbit/s in uplink (UL) and increase spectral efficiency up to 30 bps/Hz. The development of WiMAX-Advanced led to the appearance of versions of WiMAX-Advanced Release2.1 and WiMAX-Advanced Release2.2, which are aimed at convergence of WiMAX and TD-LTE: WiMAX-Advanced Release2.2 must support load balancing between LTE TDD and WiMAX, load balancing within a base station or between pico- and macro cells, it must provide Link aggregation etc.One of the main problems to the introduction of 4G technology in Ukraine is lack of necessary frequency bands occupied by 2G-communications, the need for reforming the frequency spectrum and introduction of «technological neutrality» principle. To solve these issues it is extremely important to fulfill the research of the modern technology trends and use the experience of leading telecommunication companies.Исследовано современное состояние беспроводных сетей 4-го поколения, проведен анализ стандартов мобильной связи WiMAX-Advanced и LTE-Advanced. Исследованы расширенные функции этих технологий, благодаря которым удалось обеспечить требования к 4G, освещены преимущества по сравнению с предыдущими стандартами. Рассмотрены вопросы конвергенции сетей по технологиям IMT-Advanced, а также проблемы и перспективы внедрения их в Украине.Досліджено сучасний стан бездротових мереж 4-го покоління, проведений аналіз стандартів мобільного зв’язку WiMAX-Advanced та LTE-Advanced. Досліджені розширені функції цих технологій, завдяки яким вдалося забезпечити вимоги до 4G, висвітлені переваги у порівнянні із попередніми стандартами. Розглянуті питання конвергенції мереж за технологіями IMT-Advanced, а також проблеми та перспективи впровадження їх в Україні.